Stefan Żeromski

Niewiadomski's 1900 portrait of Żeromski

Chata ("Cottage"), Żeromski's house at Nałęczów

Plaque at Rapperswil Castle commemorating Żeromski

Stefan Żeromski ( Template:IPAc-pl; 14 October 1864 – 20 November 1925) was a Polish novelist and dramatist belonging to the Young Poland movement at the turn of the 20th century. He was called the "conscience of Polish literature".<ref>The Lublin Province Museum: Stefan Żeromski Template:Webarchive</ref>

He also wrote under the pen names Maurycy Zych, Józef Katerla, and Stefan Iksmoreż.

He was nominated four times for the Nobel Prize in Literature.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Life

Template:Expand section Stefan Żeromski was born on 14 October 1864 at Strawczyn, near Kielce.

Żeromski's parents died young, leaving him living in an impoverished state. He studied at the Kielce Municipal High School. He served as a tutor giving private lessons in 1888. In 1890, he obtained a job in Nałęczów, a spa town that attracted many intellectuals, artists and writers.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On 2 September 1892, he married a widow, Oktawia Rodkiewicz, née Radziwiłłowicz, whom he had met at a spa in Nałęczów, co-owned by her stepfather. One of the witnesses at the wedding was the novelist Bolesław Prus, an admirer of Oktawia's who had not been in favor of the marriage.<ref>Monika Piątkowska, Prus: Śledztwo biograficzne (Prus: A Biographical Investigation), Kraków, Wydawnictwo Znak, 2017, Template:ISBN, p. 466.</ref>

The newlyweds moved to Switzerland, where Żeromski worked from 1892 to 1896 as a librarian at the Polish National Museum in Rapperswil . At Oktawia's request Prus, though no admirer of Żeromski's writings,<ref>Monika Piątkowska, Prus: Śledztwo biograficzne (Prus: A Biographical Investigation), Kraków, Wydawnictwo Znak, 2017, Template:ISBN, p. 358.</ref> helped the struggling couple as much as he could.

In 1913 Żeromski started a new family with the painter Anna Zawadzka, whom he had met in 1908; they had a daughter, Monika.

In 1924, in recognition of Żeromski's achievements, President Stanisław Wojciechowski gave him a three-room apartment on the second floor of Warsaw's Royal Castle.<ref>Aleksander Gieysztor, Stanisław Herbst, Stanisław Lorentz, Władysław Tomkiewicz, Jan Zachwatowicz, Zamek Królewski w Warszawie (Warsaw's Royal Castle), Warsaw, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1972, p. 173.</ref>

In the same year, Żeromski was shortlisted for the Nobel Prize in literature.<ref>Polish culture: The Stefan Żeromski Museum at www.culture.pl</ref>

He died on 20 November 1925 in Warsaw.

Selected works

• Twilight (Zmierzch, short story, 1892)
• Ravens and Crows Will Peck Us to Pieces (Rozdziobią nas kruki, wrony, 1895)
• Doctor Peter (Doktor Piotr, 1895)
• The Labors of Sisyphus (Syzyfowe prace, 1898), about 19th- and 20th-century Tsarist efforts to russify the Russian-occupied part of Poland)
• Homeless People (Ludzie bezdomni, 1899)
• Ashes (Template:Ill, 1904)
• Forest Echoes (Echa leśne, 1905)
• The Wages of Sin (Dzieje grzechu, 1908)
• Elegy for a Hetman (Duma o hetmanie, 1908)
• The Rose (Róża, 1909)
• Sułkowski (1910)
• The Faithful River (Wierna rzeka, 1912)
• The Charm of Life (Uroda życia, 1912)
• Struggles with Satan (Walka z szatanem, vols. 1-2, 1916; vol. 3, 1919)
• Wind from the Sea (Wiatr od morza, 1922)
• My Quail Has Fled (Uciekła mi przepióreczka, 1924)
• The Spring to Come (Przedwiośnie, 1924)
• Journals (Dzienniki, published posthumously, 1953-1956)

Żeromski's works have been translated into several languages. They have been translated into Croatian by a member of the Croatian Academy, Stjepan Musulin.

Films

Several of Żeromski's novels have been filmed, by Walerian Borowczyk (Dzieje grzechu, "A Story of Sin"), Andrzej Wajda (Popioły, "Ashes"), and Filip Bajon (Przedwiośnie, "The Spring to Come"). In 2000, The Labors of Sisyphus (Syzyfowe prace), was adapted into a film of the same name by Paweł Komorowski.

See also

Stefan Żeromski

• Young Poland
• Republic of Zakopane
• List of Poles

References

• Irena Kwiatkowska-Siemieńska, Stefan Żeromski. La nature dans son expériences et sa pensée (Stefan Żeromski: Nature in His Experiences and Thought), Préface de Jean Fabre, Professeur à la Sorbonne (Preface by Jean Fabre, Professor at the Sorbonne), Paris, Nizet, 1964 (256 pp.).
• Mortkowicz-Olczakowa, Hanna (1961). Bunt wspomnień. Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.

External links

• Template:Gutenberg author
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