Storsjöodjuret
Template:Short description Template:Infobox mythical creature In Swedish folklore, the Storsjöodjuret ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}, literally "The Great-Lake Monster"Template:Refn) is a lake monster said to live in the Template:Convert lake Storsjön in Jämtland in the middle of Sweden.
The lake monster is first attested in a 1635 manuscript, according to which the sea/lake serpent (sjöorm) was bound up magically in the lake's depths by Kettil Runske who carved his spell into the Frösö Runestone (Frösön being an island in this lake). Later folk legends circulating locally in Jämtland claimed the monster was a product of tinkering by two trolls, and that it was a cat-headed creature with a black serpentine body.
There have been numerous eyewitness accounts since the 19th century, giving varying details, some claiming a dog-like head.
Name
The monster is popularly referred to as Storsjöodjuret (the noun Storsjöodjur was first used in 1899Template:Refn<ref name=svenska-akademiens-ordbok-storsjodjur/>) where odjur is a Swedish word for ‘monster’ or ‘large vermin’,<ref name=svensk-engelsk1889-odjur/><ref name=ordbok1892-odjur/> literally ‘unanimal’.Template:Refn While Storsjö is the name of a lake (or lakes), storsjö can also be a common noun meaning ‘great-lake’, being the compound of Swedish stor (‘big’ or ‘great’) and sjö (‘lake’) .
Sometimes it is simply called Storsjödjuret (‘The great-lake animal’).<ref name=eason/>Template:Refn
In the English language Storsjöodjuret is sometimes called 'Storsie', similarly to Nessie,<ref name=dewey/> though the names 'Storsjö Monster',<ref name=skjelsvik/> Storsjoe Monster'<ref name=AFP/> or "the monster of Lake Storsjön", etc.,Template:Sfnp and the literal translation "The Great Lake Monster" are used.<ref name=oscarsson/> Its Latin name is Hydogiganta Monstruidae Jemtlandicum.<ref name=turist>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead link</ref>Template:Additional citation needed It has also been called Storsjöormen (‘The Great Lake Serpent’).<ref name=westin/>
Legends
- 17th century attestations
The earliest description is of a sea/lake-serpent ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) inhabiting Storsjön, contained in a manuscript by Morten Pedersen Herdal dated to 1635.Template:Sfnp According to commentators this text ascribed to rune-master Kettil Runske the feat of binding this serpent to the bottom of the lake by carving a magic spell into the Frösö Runestone (erected on Frösö, an island in this lake).Template:RefnTemplate:RefnTemplate:Refn
A version of the legend was also recorded in the group of writings associated with the Template:Interlanguage link (‘Researches into Antiquities’),Template:RefnTemplate:Sfnp specifically in a piece dated 1685 by Anders Plantin (Andreas Plantinus):Template:Efn
"It is said that beneath this [rune]stone lies a dreadfully large head of a serpent and that the body stretches over Storsjön to Template:Interlanguage link village and Hille SandTemplate:Efn where the tail is buried. The serpent was called a rå and therefore shall this stone be raised. Since no one peacefully could cross [Storsjön], the ferryman and his wife states, along with many others, that in the last turbulent time this stone was torn down and broken in two. As long as this stone lay on the ground many strange things occurred in the water, until the stone was raised and assembled anew".<ref name=sundberg/>
The Frösö stone has a large serpent depicted on it, but there is no reference to it nor to Kettil Runske in the text itself, which instead tells about Austmaðr, Guðfastr's son's christening of Jämtland, and the construction of the Frösö Bridge,<ref name=antonsson/> though the stone has indeed been broken in two pieces.Template:Citation needed
- Folktale
The folk-legend that circulated around the Jämtland region provided additional details. According to this lore, "A long, long time ago", two trolls named Jata and Kata were on Storsjön's shore, each one brewing his cauldron at the lake for "days, weeks and months", until at last was heard "a groaning sound as if from a sick child" followed by a "loud bang.. as if by a violent thunderclap", and out of one cauldron leaped out a strange creature with a black serpent-like body and a cat-like head, which disappeared into the lake (the trolls and the cauldrons too vanished as well, in a wisp of white smoke, leaving a gaping abyss). The monster dwelling in the lake became a menace to surrounding areas, and grew so big as to encircle the entire island of Frösön and be able to bite its own tail. Then came along Ketil Jamte who bound the beast by carving spells into a stone which was erected on the east shore of Frösön. Parts of the beast were still visible above the water-line, but it is warned that it could be liberated some day when someone deciphers the runestone.<ref name=westin/><ref name=storsjoodjuret.com/>
The name of the hero may be Ketil Jamte<ref name=westin/> or Ketil Ruske<ref name=storsjoodjuret.com/> depending on the version. According to one informant, the rune-master was named Gudfast, which thus makes connection with the legendary Austmann Gudfastsson ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, aforementioned, inscribed on the runestone).<ref name=westin/>
Eyewitness accounts
There have been hundreds of recorded sightings of Storsjöodjuret dating back to the 19th century.<ref name=sandelin/> Newspapers reported in July 1857 that workers at the Forssbacka bruk (iron mill) on the lake spotted from far away a creature with a head "black and gleaming", about the size of a large cat's head (Template:Langx), with the water movement suggesting it was a sort of sea-serpent.<ref name=norrlands-posten1857-07-09/><ref name=stockholms-dagblad1857-07-14/>
Peter Olsson published an 1899 booklet, documenting 22 eyewitness testimonies, and collated the details in his summary.Template:Sfnp<ref name=heuvelmans2007/><ref name=meurger1996/>Template:Efn Olsson, a naturalist, concluded that the most likely match was some aquatic mammal that had yet to be identified.<ref name=meurger1996/>
The monster has been reported by various witnesses to measure on the order of Template:Convert in length,<ref name=svesnska_dagbladet20190421/> the length in Olsson's accounts ranging from 3.5 to 14 meters (converted from the Swedish fot, foot or aln, cubit).Template:Sfnp
It had a snake-like body, long neck, with some giving the description of a dog-like head,<ref name=svesnska_dagbladet20190421/><ref name=olsson-ex8&11/> thus making it an eared creature, unlike most serpents,<ref name=olsson-ex8&11/>Template:Sfnp though some accounts describing as finned<ref name=sandelin/> is ambiguous as to fins or ears.Template:Sfnp Some said it had several humps (Template:Langx) on its back,<ref name=olsson-ex10&20&22/><ref name=sandelin/><ref name=svesnska_dagbladet20190421/> but Olsson lumped these cases together with "vertical" curvings or undulations (Template:Langx).<ref>Template:Harvp, naming ex. 5, 10, 12, 15 20, 22)</ref>
Capture campaign
Common interest in the creature was sparked first in the 1890s. After several sightings, an enterprise of locals was founded to catch the monster in 1894,Template:Sfnp even obtaining the sponsorship of King Oscar II.<ref name=the_local20080828/><ref name=expressen20080827/> The failed attempt was featured in a satirical cartoon by Albert Engström in the Template:Interlanguage link magazine.Template:Sfnp
Film footage
In August 2008, a film crew claimed to have captured Storsjöodjuret on film, reporting that infrared cameras showed an endothermic mass in the lake.<ref name=AFP/><ref name=the_local20080828/><ref name=svesnska_dagbladet20080827/>
Protected status
The only city located by Storsjön, Östersund, celebrated its 200-year anniversary in 1986. That year, the Jämtland county administrative board declared Storsjöodjuret to be an endangered species, and Storsjöodjuret along with its offspring and nest became protected by law. The law was revoked in 2005, with the Parliamentary Ombudsman (JO/Justitieombudsmannen) spearheading the criticism.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}, quoting Template:Harvp</ref>Template:Refn<ref name=dewey/>
Explanatory notes
Citations
- Notes
- Bibliography
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External links
- Official page of Storsjöodjuret In Swedish, English, German
- Great Lake Monster Website
- "Storsie – 1857 report discovered", Trinkelbonker
- Storsjöodjurets observationsdatabas - query specifying location ("Frösö"), etc. returns dataset of alleged sightings, the website also holds numerous digicopies of newspaper articles.