Susan Griffin

Susan Griffin (January 26, 1943 – September 30, 2025) was an American radical feminist philosopher, essayist and playwright,<ref name="Poetry Foundation">Template:Cite web</ref> particularly known for her innovative, hybrid-form ecofeminist works.

Background

Griffin was born in Los Angeles, California on January 26, 1943.<ref name="Encyclopedia.com">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Poetry Foundation" /> Following her father's death when she was 16, she bounced around the family but was eventually taken into the home and family of noted artist Morton Dimondstein.<ref name = Green/> Her biological family were of Irish, Scottish, Welsh and German ancestry. Having spent a year in a post-War Jewish home, her German heritage wasn't openly spoken of and she initially demonized Germans, but later made several trips to Germany (including to the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp) to reconcile her Jewish and German heritages.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> She attended the University of California, Berkeley, for two years, then transferred to San Francisco State College, where she received her Bachelor of Arts degree in Creative Writing (1965) and her Master of Arts degree (1973), both degrees under the tutelage of Kay Boyle.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref> She taught as an adjunct professor at UC Berkeley as well as at Stanford University and California Institute of Integral Studies.<ref name=":0" /> Griffin also taught at the California Institute for Integral Studies, Pacifica Graduate Institute, the Wright Institute, and the University of California.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Griffin died from Parkinson's disease in Berkeley, California, on September 30, 2025, at the age of 82.<ref name = Green/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Griffin's papers are located at the Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, at Harvard University.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Work

Griffin wrote 21 books, including works of nonfiction, poetry, anthologies, plays, and a screenplay.<ref name=":0" /> Her work has been translated into over 12 languages. Griffin described her work as "draw[ing] connections between the destruction of nature, the diminishment of women and racism, and trac[ing] the causes of war to denial in both private and public life."<ref name="Griffin">Template:Cite web</ref>

"Rape: The All-American Crime" (1971), an article published in Ramparts, was one of the first publications about rape from a feminist perspective.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Woman and Nature: The Roaring Inside Her (1978) has sold more than 100,000 copies,<ref name=":0" /> and draws connections between ecological destruction, sexism, and racism.<ref name="Griffin" /> Considered a form of prose-poetry, this work is believed to have launched ecofeminism in the United States.<ref name=":0" /> Griffin attributed her connection to ecofeminism to her upbringing along the Pacific Coast, which she believed cultivated her awareness of ecology.<ref name="Griffin" />

Griffin articulated her anti-pornography feminism in Pornography and Silence: Culture's Revenge Against Nature (1981).<ref name="NATURE'S REVENGE">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":1">Template:Cite news</ref> In this work she makes the case that although the pursuit of freedom of speech could lead to a position against the censorship of pornography, the freedom to create pornography leads to a compromise of "human liberation" (since liberation of humankind would include the emancipation of women). She argues that pornography and eros are separate and opposing ideas, with pornography "express[ing] not a yearning for sexual liberation but its opposite, a desire to silence eros."<ref name="KPFA">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Pornography and Silence - Kindle">Template:Cite book</ref> According to Griffin, pornography's origins are rooted in a widespread fear of nature,<ref name=":1" /> and pornographic imagery "objectifies and degrades the (usually female) body".<ref name=Douglas>Template:Cite book</ref> This, according to Griffin, teaches women to self-deprecate, and fuels an unhealthy, perverted culture.<ref name=":1" /> In contrast, Griffin argues that "real sexual liberation requires a reconciliation with nature, a healing between body and spirit".<ref name=":1" /> Critics largely responded to Pornography and Silence with contempt, many complaining that it came off as more of a rant than realistic philosophical discussion.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Awards

Griffin received a MacArthur grant for Peace and International Cooperation, NEA and Guggenheim Foundation fellowships, and a local Emmy Award for the play Voices.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> She is featured in the 2014 feminist history film She's Beautiful When She's Angry.<ref name="Huffington">Template:Cite web</ref> She was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction in 1993 for A Chorus of Stones: The Private Life of War.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Criticism

Many critics praise Griffin's blunt takes and insights to the role of feminism in every major issue today, while others have criticized her writings for being too convoluted or ranting. Largely, reviews for Griffin's work take opposing views on the intertwining and complicated connections she suggests between the woman and larger worldly issues such as war, disease, pornography, and nature itself.<ref name=Douglas /> These webs are mirrored in her unique writing style which critics have reflected upon extensively.<ref name=Douglas />

In a 1994 review by Carol H. Cantrell, Griffin's Woman and Nature is characterised as "hard to describe. Most of it looks like prose on the page but the thought is fragmented, metaphorical, and discontinuous; there are plenty of stories, but they too are often elliptical and metaphorical."<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> In a review of What Her Body Thought: A Journey into the Shadows, Susan Dion of The Women's Review of Books wrote: "...Griffin is not merely reiterating old themes in feminist scholarship or the history of medicine; rather, she probes, ponders, and suggests different ways of considering many interrelated issues...Griffin's musings and hypotheses are fresh, smart, and instructive, if not always convincing."<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Published works

• Woman and Nature: the Roaring Inside Her (1978) Ecofeminist treatise (1st Edition, has since been reprinted)
• Rape: The Politics of Consciousness (1979) OCLC 781089176 Template:ISBN
• Pornography and Silence: Culture's Revenge Against Nature (1981) OCLC 964062418 Template:ISBN
• "Sadomasochism and the erosion of self: a critical reading of Story of O," in Against Sadomasochism: A Radical Feminist Analysis, ed. Robin Ruth Linden (East Palo Alto, Calif. : Frog in the Well, 1982.), pp. 183–201
• Unremembered Country: poems (Copper Canyon Press, 1987) OCLC 16905255 Template:ISBN
• A Chorus of Stones: the Private Life of War (1993) Psychological aspects of violence, war, womanhood OCLC 1005479046 Template:ISBN
• The Eros of Everyday Life: Essays on Ecology, Gender and Society (1995) OCLC 924501690 Template:ISBN
• Bending Home: Selected New Poems, 1967-1998 (Copper Canyon Press, 1998) OCLC 245705378 Template:ISBN
• What Her Body Thought: a Journey into the Shadows (1999)
• The Book of the Courtesans: a Catalogue of Their Virtues (2001)
• Wrestling with the Angel of Democracy: On Being an American Citizen (2008)
• Transforming Terror: Remembering the Soul of the World, co-edited with Karen Lofthus Carrington (University of California Press, 2011)

External links

• Template:Official website
• Poetry Foundation Biography
• Template:Usurped
• Papers of Susan Griffin, 1914-2015 (inclusive), 1943-2015 (bulk): A Finding Aid. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
• Review of production of play Voices The Boston Phoenix (1982-07-06)