Suzan-Lori Parks

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Suzan-Lori Parks (born May 10, 1963) is an American playwright, screenwriter, and novelist. Among her most popular plays are The America Play (1994), Venus (1996), In The Blood (1999), Fuckin A (2000), Topdog/Underdog (2001), and White Noise (2019). These works and others have been performed on and off Broadway and the West End.<ref>Meyer, Dan. 2021. “London Premiere of Suzan-Lori Parks’ White Noise Begins October 5.” Playbill, October 5, 2021. Accessed September 8, 2025. https://playbill.com/article/london-premiere-of-suzan-lori-parks-white-noise-begins-october-5 .</ref>

Among numerous awards and honors, Parks is the recipient of MacArthur Fellowship, Guggenheim Fellowship, The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize, The Windham–Campbell Literature Prize, an Outer Critics Circle Award, an Obie Award, and two Tony Award.<ref>Brandman, Mariana. 2025. “Suzan-Lori Parks.” National Women’s History Museum. Accessed September 8, 2025. https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/suzan-lori-parks .</ref> In 2003 she became the first African-American woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Parks served as creator and showrunner for the 2017 USA limited series Genius: Aretha, which was nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards.<ref>Jackson, Angelique. “Genius: Aretha Franklin Showrunner Suzan-Lori Parks on Rewriting Genius,” Variety, March 15, 2021, accessed September 8, 2025, https://variety.com/2021/tv/features/genius-aretha-franklin-suzan-lori-parks-showrunner-nat-geo-cynthia-erivo-1203504706/</ref><ref>Television Academy. 2025. “Genius: Aretha.” Television Academy. Accessed September 8, 2025.https://www.televisionacademy.com/shows/genius-aretha</ref> Her screenwriting credits include Girl 6 (1996), Their Eyes Were Watching God (2005), Native Son (2019), and The United States vs. Billie Holiday (2021).<ref>Rotten Tomatoes. 2025. “Suzan-Lori Parks.” Rotten Tomatoes. Accessed September 8, 2025. https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/suzanlori-parks .</ref> Her work on these films has earned her an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Writing in a Motion Picture (Television) and an Independent Spirit Award for Best First Screenplay nomination. In 2023 Time magazine named Parks one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Early life and education

Parks was born in Fort Knox, Kentucky. She grew up with two siblings in a military family. Parks enjoyed writing poems and songs and created a newspaper with her brother, called the "Daily Daily."<ref name="HM">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Parks was raised Catholic and attended high school in West Germany, where her father, a career officer in the United States Army, was stationed.<ref name=HM /><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The experience showed her "what it feels like to be neither white nor black, but simply foreign".<ref name="HM"/><ref>Suzan-Lori Parks (Archived from January 2010)</ref> After returning to the U.S., her family relocated frequently and Parks went to school in Kentucky, Texas, California, North Carolina, Maryland, and Vermont.<ref name=HM /> She graduated high school from The John Carroll School in 1981, while her father was stationed in Aberdeen Proving Ground.<ref name="connections">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Academy of Achievement" />

In high school, Parks was discouraged from studying literature by at least one teacher, but upon reading Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse, Parks found herself veering away from her interest in chemistry, gravitating towards writing.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite journal</ref> Parks attended Mount Holyoke College and became a member of Phi Beta Kappa. She graduated in 1985 with a B.A. degree in English and German literature. She studied under James Baldwin, who encouraged her to become a playwright; Parks was initially resistant to writing for theater, believing it was elitist and cliquey.<ref name=":1"/> Parks, at his behest, began to write plays.<ref name="achievement">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Baldwin considered her talent as amazing.<ref name="Academy of Achievement">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Parks then studied acting for a year at Drama Studio London.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name=Bio>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="TookHerCue">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Parks was inspired by Wendy Wasserstein, who won the Pulitzer in 1989 for her play The Heidi Chronicles,<ref name="CollegeStreetJournal">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and by her Mount Holyoke professor, Leah Blatt Glasser.<ref name="CSJ">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Career

Parks has written three screenplays and numerous stage plays. Her first screenplay was for Spike Lee's 1996 film Girl 6.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She later worked with Oprah Winfrey's Harpo Productions on screenplays for Their Eyes Were Watching God (2005) and The Great Debaters (2007).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Parks became the first female African American to receive the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, which was awarded in 2002 for her play Topdog/Underdog.Template:Efn She has also received a number of grants including the MacArthur Foundation "Genius" Grant in 2001.<ref name="Academy of Achievement" /> She is a winner of the 2017 Poets, Essayists and Novelists (PEN) America Literary Awards in the category Master American Dramatist.<ref>Hetrick, Adam. "Suzan-Lori Parks, Tarell Alvin McCraney, and Thomas Bradshaw Win PEN America Literary Awards", Playbill, February 23, 2017.</ref> She received the 2018 Steinberg Distinguished Playwright Award. This biennial award is given to "established playwrights whose body of work has made significant contributions to the American theatre."<ref>Hetrick, Adam. "Suzan-Lori Parks Named 2018 Steinberg Distinguished Playwright Award Winner", Playbill, October 3, 2018.</ref>

Betting on the Dust Commander

Although Betting on the Dust Commander was not the first play Parks wrote, it was the first of her plays to be produced. Her first play The Sinner's Place, which she wrote for her senior project at Mount Holyoke, was rejected for production by her college's drama department as they considered it too experimental since she wanted to have dirt on the stage during the performance.<ref name=possession2000>Template:Cite news</ref> When her second play, Betting on the Dust Commander, first premiered, it ran for three nights in a bar in Manhattan's Lower East Side called Gas Station.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> It is a short, one-act play set in Kentucky, centering around the lives of a couple, Mare and Lucius, who have been married for 110 years. The play's title comes from the horse that won the Kentucky Derby in 1970, Dust Commander. As the play goes on, we discover that Dust Commander's Derby is responsible for bringing Mare and Lucius together, and through the couple's discussion of him they think back over their many years of memories together. Poet Philip Kolin argues that Parks's incorporation of non-linear time and a repetitive style is reminiscent of African rituals and the way that their retelling of stories often incorporate the past in a literal manner.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite bookTemplate:Page needed</ref>

Topdog/Underdog

One of her best-known works is Topdog/Underdog. This play marked a departure from the heightened language she usually wrote.Template:Citation needed Parks is an admirer of Abraham Lincoln and believed he left a legacy for descendants of slaves.<ref name=shenk2016 /> It tells the story of two African-American brothers: Lincoln and Booth. Lincoln works at a boardwalk arcade, dressing up like Abraham Lincoln and letting the tourists shoot him with plastic guns. He got this job because he could be paid less than the white man who had the job before. Author Joshua Wolf Shenk argues that Parks does not judge Lincoln in this play, but rather enjoys bringing him into the other characters' lives and seeing how they are affected.<ref name=shenk2016 /> In an interview, Parks said, "Lincoln is the closest thing we have to a mythic figure. In days of Greek drama, they had Apollo and Medea and Oedipus – these larger than life figures that walked the earth and spoke – and they turned them into plays. Shakespeare had kings and queens that he fashioned into his stories. Lincoln, to me, is one of those."<ref name=shenk2016>Template:Cite news</ref>

365 Plays/365 Days

After her book Getting Mother's Body was published,Template:Citation needed Parks gave herself the task of writing 365 plays in 365 days, ultimately produced as 365 Plays/365 Days.<ref name=robertson2006>Template:Cite news</ref>

The plays were presented by 725 performing arts groups, taking turns until the entire cycle was performed.<ref name=robertson2006 /> The performances started in 2006 at The Public Theater in New York City, and included venues such as the Denver Center Theatre Company, colleges in England and Australia and the Steel City Theatre Company in Pueblo, Colorado.<ref name=robertson2006 /><ref>Moore, John. "365 Days … 365 Plays", The Denver Post, November 10, 2006, retrieved January 15, 2017.</ref> Other venues were the Steppenwolf Theatre Company and the Goodman Theatre in Chicago, and the Center Theater Group in Los Angeles.<ref name=robertson2006 />

Father Comes Home From the Wars, Parts 1, 2 & 3

Father Comes Home From the Wars, Parts 1, 2 & 3 premiered off-Broadway at the Public Theater in a developmental production in March 2014 and a full production that fall. Directed by Jo Bonney, the cast featured Sterling K. Brown, Louis Cancelmi, Peter Jay Fernandez, Russell G. Jones, and Jacob Ming-Trent.<ref>"Father Comes Home From the Wars, Parts 1, 2 & 3 March", lortel.org. Retrieved January 14, 2017.</ref> Jacob Ming-Trent won the 2015 Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Parks won the 2015 Obie Award for playwriting presented by the American Theater Wing.<ref>Obie Awards, 2015 Winners obieawards.com</ref> The play, which takes place during the American Civil War, is presented in three parts: Part 1, A Measure of a Man; Part 2, The Battle in the Wilderness; and Part 3, The Union of My Confederate Parts.<ref>Hetrick, Adam. "Suzan-Lori Parks' Father Comes Home from the Wars' Extends Again", Playbill, November 17, 2014.</ref> From September 15 to October 22, 2016, the play had its London premiere at the Royal Court in a transfer of the Public Theatre production directed by Jo Bonney. The cast featured Steve Toussaint, Nadine Marshall, Leo Wringer, Sibusiso Mamba, Tom Bateman, and Jimmy Akingbola.<ref>" royalcourttheatre.com, retrieved October 25, 2018</ref>

The play was a finalist for the 2015 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. The Pulitzer committee wrote: "A distinctive and lyrical epic about a slave during the Civil War that deftly takes on questions of identity, power and freedom with a blend of humor and dignity."<ref>"Suzan-Lori Parks" pulitzer.org, retrieved January 14, 2017</ref>

The Red Letter Plays

The Red Letter Plays refers to Fucking A and In the Blood, two plays incorporating themes from The Scarlet Letter.<ref name=windman2017 /> Both plays have a mother named Hester struggling in a society where they put her in the role of outcast.<ref name=windman2017>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The first play, In the Blood, premiered in 1999 and follows the story of Hester, a penniless mother of five who is condemned by the men who once loved her. In the Blood was a finalist for the 2000 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. Fucking A premiered in 2000 and tells the story of Hester, an "abortionist" trying to free her son from prison.<ref name=possession2000/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2017, Signature Theatre Company produced these two plays in the same season.<ref name=windman2017 /> Parks said: "They were conceived from the same idea but until now have lived very separate lives. I can't wait to participate in the dialogue that will come from witnessing these two works in concert."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Sally & Tom

In October 2022, Sally & Tom, a play about Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings, began performances at the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite news</ref>

Plays for the Plague Year

Plays for the Plague Year, an anthology of plays and songs, described by The New York Times as "Parks's diaristic musings on the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and a coincident string of deaths, including those of Black Americans killed by police officers", was scheduled for a November 2022 premiere at Joe's Pub, with Parks onstage singing and starring.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Harder They Come

The Harder They Come, Parks's musical adaptation of the 1972 Jamaican reggae film was staged at the Public Theater in 2023.<ref name=":2" />

Works

Theatre

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Screenplays

Essays

  • "Possession." In The America Play and Other Works, 3–5. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1995.
  • "From the Elements of Style". In The America Play and Other Works, 6–18. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1995.
  • "An Equation for Black People Onstage". In The America Play and Other Works, 19–22. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1995.
  • "Tradition and the Individual Talent". Theater 29.2 (1999): 26–33.
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Novels

Recognition

  • 1990: Obie Award Best New American Play – Imperceptible Mutabilities in the Third Kingdom
  • 1992: Whiting Award
  • 1995: Lila-Wallace Reader's Digest Award
  • 1996: Obie Award for Playwriting – Venus
  • 2000: Guggenheim Fellowship Playwriting
  • 2000: Pulitzer Prize Drama finalist – In The Blood
  • 2001: MacArthur Foundation "Genius" Grant
  • 2002: Pulitzer Prize for Drama – Topdog/Underdog
  • 2002: Drama Desk Award Outstanding New Play nomination – Topdog/Underdog
  • 2002: Tony Award for Best Play nomination – Topdog/Underdog
  • 2006: Eugene McDermott Award in the Arts from the Council for the Arts at MIT (CAMIT)
  • 2007: Academy of Achievement Golden Plate Award<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Personal life

In 2001, Parks married blues musician Paul Oscher; they divorced in 2010.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> By 2017, she married Christian Konopka, with whom she has a child.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Parks noted in an interview that her name is spelled with a "Z" as the result of a misprint early in her career:

When I was doing one of my first plays in the East Village, we had fliers printed up and they spelled my name wrong. I was devastated. But the director said, 'Just keep it, honey, and it will be fine.' And it was.<ref>"A moment with Suzan-Lori Parks, playwright", The Seattle Post-Intelligencer, May 26, 2003.</ref>

She teaches playwriting at Tisch School of the Arts in the Rita & Burton Goldberg Department of Dramatic Writing.

In 2011, Parks was the Master Writer Chair of The Public Theater, where she debuted a performance piece called Watch Me Work, in which she worked on her newest writing project in the theater's lobby, as part of the 2011 Under the Radar Festival. She was the 2013 Waldman Chair Visiting Artist at Emerson College, where she held another performance of Watch Me Work in the Randall Lobby of Emerson's Paramount Center.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Notes

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References

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Further reading

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