Switzerland County, Indiana

Switzerland County is a county in the southeast corner of the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 9,737.<ref name=QF>Template:Cite web</ref> The county seat is Vevay,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> one of two incorporated towns in the county.

History

In 1787, the fledgling United States defined the Northwest Territory, which included the area of present-day Indiana. In 1800, Congress separated Ohio from the Northwest Territory, designating the rest of the land as the Indiana Territory.<ref name=GAC/> President Thomas Jefferson chose William Henry Harrison as the territory's first governor, and Vincennes was established as the territorial capital.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> After the Michigan Territory was separated and the Illinois Territory was formed, Indiana was reduced to its current size and geography.<ref name=GAC>Template:Cite web</ref> By December 1816 the Indiana Territory was admitted to the Union as a state.

Starting in 1794, Native American titles to Indiana lands were extinguished by usurpation, purchase, or war and treaty. The United States acquired land from the Native Americans in the 1809 treaty of Fort Wayne, and by the treaty of St. Mary's in 1818, the SE portion of Indiana Territory was acquired for settlement.

The area included in present-day Switzerland County was first placed in Knox County, formed in 1790. Parts of that extremely large county were partitioned off in 1803 to form Dearborn County and in 1810 to form Jefferson County. Settlers had been pouring into the extreme SE part of the Indiana Territory starting in 1795, and by 1814 there was sufficient population to form a local governing body. Accordingly, the state legislature authorized Switzerland County effective October 1, 1814, partitioning portions of Dearborn and Jefferson counties to make the creation. Four fledgling settlements were considered as the seat of government (Vevay, Little York [present-day Florence], Troy [present-day Patriot], and Center Square).<ref name=HSCI>Template:Cite web</ref> Center Square was nearest the geographic center and was the presumed site, but Vevay carried the day.

Several early settlers were originally from Switzerland. The first was probably Heathcoat Pickett, in 1795. He was followed by John James Dufour (1796), and the Dickason, Cotton, and Rayl families in 1798. Pickett also made the area's first flatboats; he floated them (loaded with goods for sale) to New Orleans and sold the entire package, then walked back to Switzerland County. He made 20 such trips.<ref name=HSCI/> Early county residents noted the passage of the first steamboat on the Ohio River in 1811; this form of transport quickly transformed the river into a conduit for commerce and travel.<ref name=HSCI/> Although Indiana was criss-crossed with railroad tracks during the nineteenth century, none was laid to Switzerland County. This hindered its growth after the decline of steamboat travel.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Industrial wine grape production in Switzerland County earned the area the title "The Rhineland of America".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Geography

Switzerland County lies at the SE tip of Indiana, with its southeastern border defined by the Ohio River; the state of Kentucky abuts on the opposite shore. Its rolling hills were originally completely wooded. Its more flat areas have been cleared for agricultural or urban use, but its many drainages are still wooded.<ref>Switzerland County IN (Google Maps, accessed 13 September 2020)</ref> Its highest elevation (Template:Convert ASL) is a hill in its NW quadrant, Template:Convert west of Avonburg.<ref>Switzerland County High Point, Indiana (PeakBagger.com, accessed 13 September 2020)</ref>

According to the 2010 census, the county has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert (or 98.74%) is land and Template:Convert (or 1.26%) is water.<ref name=DC/>

Adjacent counties

• Ohio County - north
• Boone County, Kentucky - northeast
• Gallatin County, Kentucky - east
• Carroll County, Kentucky - south
• Jefferson County - west
• Ripley County - northwest

Incorporated towns

• Patriot
• Vevay (county seat)

Unincorporated towns

• Aaron
• Allensville
• Bennington
• Braytown
• Center Square
• East Enterprise (census-designated place)
• Fairview
• Florence (census-designated place)
• Gurley Corner
• Jacksonville
• Lamb
• Markland
• Moorefield
• Mount Sterling
• Pleasant
• Quercus Grove
• Searcy Crossroads

Townships

• Cotton
• Craig
• Jefferson
• Pleasant
• Posey
• York

Highways

• Indiana State Road 56
• Indiana State Road 101
• Indiana State Road 129
• Indiana State Road 156
• Indiana State Road 250

Climate and weather

Template:Climate chart In recent years, average temperatures in Vevay have ranged from a low of Template:Convert in January to a high of Template:Convert in July, although a record low of Template:Convert was recorded in January 1977 and a record high of Template:Convert was recorded in July 1999. Average monthly precipitation ranged from Template:Convert in February to Template:Convert in May.<ref name=WX/>

Demographics

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 10,613 people, 4,034 households, and 2,847 families in the county.<ref name=DP>Template:Cite web</ref> The population density was Template:Convert. There were 4,969 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert.<ref name=DC>Template:Cite web</ref> The racial makeup of the county was 97.8% white, 0.3% black or African American, 0.2% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.7% from other races, and 0.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.4% of the population.<ref name=DP/> In terms of ancestry, 25.4% were German, 16.1% were American, 13.2% were Irish, and 10.1% were English.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Of the 4,034 households, 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 29.4% were non-families, and 24.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.07. The median age was 39.1 years.<ref name=DP/>

The median income for a household in the county was $47,697 and the median income for a family was $51,769. Males had a median income of $39,167 versus $30,814 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,214. About 11.0% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.2% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Government

Template:See also The county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by the Constitution of Indiana, and by the Indiana Code.

County Council: The legislative branch of the county government; controls spending and revenue collection in the county. Representatives are elected to four-year terms from county districts. They set salaries, the annual budget, and special spending. The council has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes, and service taxes.<ref name=inc3623>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=inc2102>Template:Cite web</ref>

Board of Commissioners: The executive body of the county; commissioners are elected county-wide to staggered four-year terms. One commissioner serves as president. The commissioners execute acts legislated by the council, collect revenue, and manage the county government.<ref name=inc3623/><ref name=inc2102/>

Court: The county maintains a circuit court which was established January 1, 2009. The first Judge of the Switzerland Circuit Court is W. Gregory Coy. The Judge is elected to a term of six years. The Court is a general jurisdiction court, meaning it handles all types of cases. The Judge must be a licensed attorney. All decisions of the Court are appealable to the Indiana Court of Appeals or the Indiana Supreme Court.

County Officials: The county has other elected offices, including sheriff, coroner, auditor, treasurer, recorder, surveyor, and circuit court clerk. They are elected to four-year terms. Members elected to county government positions are required to declare party affiliations and to be residents of the county.<ref name=inc2102/>

Switzerland County is part of Indiana's 9th congressional district.

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Switzerland County, Indiana