Taiga bean goose
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The taiga bean goose (Anser fabalis) is a species of goose that breeds in northern Europe and Asia. It is migratory and winters further south in Europe and Asia. This and the tundra bean goose were recognised as separate species by the International Ornithologists' Union and the American Ornithological Society from 2007,<ref name="IOC">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> but are still considered a single species by some other authorities (collectively called bean goose), notably BirdLife International and the IUCN.<ref name=IUCN/> The taiga and tundra bean goose diverged about 2.5 million years ago and established secondary contact Template:Circa 60,000 years ago, resulting in extensive gene flow.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Description
The length ranges from Template:Convert, wingspan from Template:Convert and weight from Template:Convert.<ref name=CRC/> In the nominate subspecies, males average Template:Convert and females average Template:Convert.<ref name=CRC/> The bill is black at the base and tip, with an orange band across the middle; the legs and feet are also bright orange.<ref name=Madge>Template:Cite book</ref>
The upper wing-coverts are dark brown, as in the white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons) and the lesser white-fronted goose (A. erythropus), but differing from these in having narrow white fringes to the feathers. The voice is a loud honking.<ref name=Madge/>
The closely related pink-footed goose (A. brachyrhynchus) has the bill short, bright pink in the middle, and the feet also pink, the upper wing-coverts being paler and greyer, nearly of the same bluish-grey as in the greylag goose. In size and bill structure, it is very similar to the tundra bean goose subspecies Anser serrirostris rossicus, and in the past was sometimes treated as a sixth subspecies of bean goose.
Taxonomy
The English and scientific names of the bean goose come from its habit in the past of grazing in bean field stubbles in winter. Anser is the Latin for "goose", and fabalis is derived from the Latin faba, the broad bean.<ref name= job90>Template:Cite book</ref>
Subspecies
There are three subspecies,<ref name="IOC"/> with complex variation in body size and bill size and pattern; generally, size increases from north to south and from west to east.
| Subspecies | Authority | Description | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. f. fabalis | Latham, 1787 | Large; bill long and narrow, with broad orange band. | Scandinavia east to the Urals, wintering mainly from Denmark east to Poland, locally west to Scotland and south to France, northern Italy, and Hungary.<ref name=Madge/> | _(cropped).jpg)
|
| A. f. johanseni | Delacour, 1951 | Large; bill long and narrow, with narrow orange band. | West Siberian taiga, wintering mainly in south-central Asia, rarely west to eastern Europe,<ref name=Madge/> and exceptionally south to northern India.<ref name="India">Template:Cite book</ref> | 
|
| A. f. middendorffii | Severtzov, 1873 | Very large; bill long and stout, with narrow orange band. | East Siberian taiga, wintering in eastern China, Korea, and Japan.<ref name=Madge/> | File:Anser fabalis middendorffii, Izunuma, Miyagi, Japan 1.jpg |
Conservation
The western subspecies A. f. fabalis wintering in Europe are considered to migrate across three different flyways: Western, Central and Eastern; these have been confirmed by stable isotope analysis of their flight feathers.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Anser fabalis fabalis is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.
It is a rare winter visitor to Great Britain; there are two regular wintering flocks of taiga bean goose, in the Yare Valley, Norfolk and the Avon Valley between Glasgow and Edinburgh, Scotland. A formerly regular flock in Dumfries and Galloway no longer occurs there.