Tata Consultancy Services

Template:Short description Template:Use Indian English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox company Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is an Indian multinational technology company specializing in information technology services and consulting. Headquartered in Mumbai, it is a part of the Tata Group and operates in 150 locations across 46 countries.<ref name="TCS2024">Template:Cite web</ref> As of 2024, Tata Sons owned 71.74% of TCS, and close to 80% of Tata Sons' dividend income came from TCS.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

TCS ranked seventh on the Fortune India 500 list for 2024.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In September 2021, TCS recorded a market capitalization of US$200 billion, becoming the first Indian IT company to achieve this valuation.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2012, it was the world's second-largest user of U.S. H-1B visas.<ref name=CW2013>Template:Cite web</ref>

History

1968–2000

TCS Delta Park in Salt Lake Sector-V, Greater Kolkata

Tata Consultancy Services Limited, originally known as Tata Computer Systems, was established in 1968 by Tata Sons Limited.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The company's initial contracts involved providing punched card services to its sister company TISCO (now Tata Steel), developing an Inter-Branch Reconciliation System for the Central Bank of India,<ref name="ICMR">Template:Cite web</ref> and offering bureau services to the Unit Trust of India.

In 1975, TCS implemented an electronic depository and trading system named SECOM for Swiss company SIS SegaInterSettle. It also developed System X for the Canadian Depository System and automated the Johannesburg Stock Exchange.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> TCS also partnered with the Swiss firm TKS Teknosoft, which it later acquired.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1980, TCS established India's first dedicated software research and development center, the Tata Research Development and Design Centre (TRDDC), located in Pune.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The following year, it created India's first client-dedicated offshore development centre, established for Tandem.

Anticipating the Y2K bug and the introduction of the unified European currency (Euro), Tata Consultancy Services developed a factory model for Y2K conversion. The company also created software tools to automate the conversion process and facilitate implementation by third-party developers and clients.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In late 1999, TCS introduced Decision Support System (DSS) solutions to the domestic market.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1999, the company also registered its first tagline, "Beyond the Obvious."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

2001–2019

In 2001, TCS entered the bioinformatics segment,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and three years later, launched India's first bioinformatics product.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2003, TCS became the first Indian IT company to record $1 billion in revenue.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On 25 August 2004, TCS became a publicly listed company after its initial public offering.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In July 2005, Tata Infotech, which was until then a different IT subsidiary of Tata Sons, merged with TCS in a stock swap deal.<ref name="til">Template:Cite news</ref> Later that year, TCS changed its tagline from "Beyond the Obvious" to "Experience Certainty".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2006, TCS developed an ERP system for the Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> By 2008, its e-business operations were generating over US$500 million in annual revenue.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Cbignore</ref>

In 2011, TCS entered the small and medium enterprises market with cloud-based solutions.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On the final trading day of 2011, it surpassed RIL to achieve the highest market capitalization of any India-based company.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In the 2011–12 fiscal year, TCS achieved annual revenues exceeding US$10 billion for the first time.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In May 2013, TCS was awarded a six-year contract valued at over Template:INRConvert to provide services to the Indian Department of Posts.<ref>TCS News & Events: Press Release: Department of Posts Awards Core System Integrator project to TCS Template:Webarchive. TCS.com. Retrieved 6 December 2013.</ref> In 2013, the company moved from 13th to 10th place on the list of global IT services companies by revenue.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In July 2014, it became the first Indian company to exceed Template:INRConvert in market capitalization.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In January 2015, TCS became India's most profitable company, ending Reliance Industries Limited's 23-year streak.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In January 2017, TCS announced a partnership with Aurus, a payments technology company, to deliver payment solutions for retailers through TCS OmniStore, a unified store commerce platform.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The same year, TCS China entered into a joint venture with the Chinese government.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In March 2018, Tata Sons sold TCS shares worth $1.25 billion in a bulk transaction.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2019, TCS received four Stevies at the American Business Awards.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

2020–present

On 8 October 2020, TCS surpassed Accenture in market capitalization, becoming the world's most valuable IT company with a market capitalization of over $144 billion.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On 25 January 2021, TCS briefly reclaimed the title of the world's most valuable IT company from Accenture with a market cap of $170 billion.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref> On the same day, TCS also became India's most valuable company, surpassing Reliance Industries.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In May 2021, TCS, in collaboration with its consortium partner Neurotechnology, was selected by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) to provide biometric technology for the Aadhaar digital ID program.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref> The Aadhaar program, which has a database of over 1.3 billion citizens, has been described by World Bank Chief Economist Paul Romer as the "most sophisticated ID program in the world."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2021, TCS underwent a millennial rebranding, and the company updated its tagline from "Experience Certainty" to "Building on Belief".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2021, Tata Consultancy Services was also one of the largest job providers in India, hiring 43,000 new employees in the first half of the fiscal year 2021–22.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In July 2025, TCS announced that it would downsize its global workforce by 2%, or about 12,000 employees, primarily from middle- and senior-level positions, citing a "skill mismatch".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Acquisitions

Name	Date	Industry	Country	Cost	Employees	Template:Refh
CMC Limited	October 2001	Embedded software	India	$33.9m	3,102	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Airline Financial Support Services India (AFSI)	January 2004	Airline and hospitality BPO	India	$5.1m	400	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Aviation Software Development Consultancy India (ASDC)	March 2004	IT services	India	$3.1m	180	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Phoenix Global Solutions	May 2004	Insurance consulting and BPO	India	$130m	400	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Swedish Indian IT Resources AB (SITAR)	May 2005	IT services	Sweden	$4.8m	n/a	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Pearl Group	October 2005	Insurance	United Kingdom	$94.7m	950	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Financial Network Services (FNS)	October 2005	Core banking software	Australia	$26m	190	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Comicrom	November 2005	Banking BPO	Chile	$23m	1,257	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Tata Infotech	February 2006	IT services	India	$259.2m	3,600	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="til"/>
TCS Management	November 2006	IT services	Australia	$13m	35	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
TKS-Teknosoft	November 2006	Banking software	Chile	$80.4m	115	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Citigroup Global Services	December 2008	Banking and financial services BPO	India	$512m	12,472	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
SuperValu Services India	September 2010	IT services and BPO	India	$100m	600	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Computational Research Laboratories	August 2012	High performance computing	India	$34m	80	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Alti SA	April 2013	IT services	France	$97.5m	1,200	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
BridgePoint Group	November 2018	Management consulting	United States			<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Postbank Systems	November 2020	IT services	Germany			<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Pramerica Systems Ireland	December 2020	IT services	Ireland		1,500	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Darshita Southern India Happy Homes	March 2025	Real estate	India	$260m		<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Corporate affairs

Geographical presence

Tata Consultancy Services building in SIPCOT, Siruseri, Chennai

Tata Consultancy Services, Deccan Park campus in Hyderabad

As of September 2023, TCS had a total of 51 subsidiary companies in 55 countries,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and more than 500 offices globally.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In India, TCS has multiple delivery centers in major cities, including Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, and Hyderabad.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It has significant operations in key markets such as the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and Singapore.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Employees

Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is one of the largest private-sector employers in India,<ref name="TCS">Template:Cite news</ref> and ranked as the fourth-largest employer overall in 2015, following Indian Railways, Indian Army, and India Post.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In July 2022, the employee count of TCS crossed 600,000, with a net addition of about 100,000 in one year.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2008, TCS was the fifth-largest recipient of H-1B visas in the United States, following Infosys, Cognizant, Wipro, and Satyam.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2012, TCS and other Tata Group companies were the second-largest recipients of H-1B visas.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=CW2013 /> As of 31 March 2013, the number of non-Indian nationals employed by TCS was 21,282, representing 7.7% of the workforce.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Leadership

TCS has had five CEOs since its inception in 1968.

CEO	Tenure
F. C. Kohli	1968–1996
Subramaniam Ramadorai	1996–2009
Natarajan Chandrasekaran	2009–2017
Rajesh Gopinathan	2017–2023
K. Krithivasan<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>	2023–present

Business divisions

Products and platforms

In 2021, the software products and SaaS-based platforms business of TCS generated about $3 billion in revenue, accounting for 12–15% of the company's total revenue, according to COO N. Ganapathy Subramaniam.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref> Its notable products included TCS BaNCS, TCS Cognix, TCS Quartz, TCS HOBS, TCS MasterCraft, and TCS OmniStore.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2015, TCS started an enterprise software venture called Digitate, based in Pune and Santa Clara, which released its artificial intelligence platform Ignio the same year.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

TCS BPS

The TCS BPS division provides business process management services. It had an estimated revenue of $3.5 billion in financial year 2023–24, as per an Everest Group report.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

TCS BPS also provides services for biopharmaceutical majors, including clinical research, data management, biostatistics, medical writing, clinical programming, pharmacovigilance, and RWE support towards global drug development efforts.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Tata Research Development and Design Centre

TCS established India's first software research centre, the Tata Research Development and Design Centre, in Pune, in 1981. TRDDC undertakes research in software engineering, process engineering, bioinformatics, and systems science. In 2005, researchers at TRDDC developed MasterCraft, a model-driven development software that can automatically create code from a computer language, and rewrite the code based on the users' needs.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

TRDDC and Tata Chemicals jointly developed Sujal (later marketed as Tata Swach), a low-cost water purifier manufactured using rice husk ash and silver nanoparticles. TCS deployed thousands of these filters in the relief activities of the Indian Ocean tsunami disaster of 2004.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Innovation labs

Tata Innovation Center at Cornell Tech campus in New York City

In 2007, TCS launched its co-innovation network, a network of innovation labs, start-up alliances, university research departments, and venture capitalists.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In addition, TCS has 19 innovation labs based in three countries.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> TCS' partners include CollabNet and Cassatt, and academic institutions such as IITs, Stanford, MIT, and Carnegie Mellon, and venture capitalists like Sequoia and Kleiner Perkins.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Sponsorships

TCS is the title sponsor for Toronto Waterfront Marathon, London Marathon, Amsterdam Marathon, Mumbai Marathon, Lidingöloppet, and New York City Marathon<ref>Partners Lidingöloppet Template:Webarchive. Retrieved on 29 November 2022.</ref><ref>TCS title sponsor for New York Road Runners Template:Webarchive. Business Standard (3 October 2013) Retrieved on 6 December 2013.</ref> and one of the sponsors of City2Surf, Australian Running Festival, Berlin Marathon, Chicago Marathon, and Boston Marathon.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In India, it is the title sponsor of World 10K held in Bangalore every year.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

TCS has been a sponsor of the Indian Premier League team Rajasthan Royals since 2009.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It also provides the team with technology to help in the analysis of player performance, simulation, and use of RFID tags for tracking the players’ fitness levels and for security purposes in the stadiums.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

TCS conducts an annual IT quiz for high school students called TCS IT Wiz.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> TCS also currently sponsors Jaguar Racing in Formula E and Nakajima Racing in Super Formula.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Controversies

Class action lawsuit in the US

On 14 February 2006, the US law firm Lieff Cabraser filed a nationwide class action lawsuit against TCS concerning payments to employees on deputation.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> This lawsuit was filed on behalf of all non-US citizens employed by TCS in California from 14 February 2002 to 30 June 2005. The workers alleged that they were compelled to forfeit their federal and state tax refunds to their employer and that their Indian salaries were wrongfully deducted from their US pay.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On 22 February 2013, TCS agreed to settle the class-action suit for $30 million.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In July 2013, Judge Claudia Wilken of the US District Court, Northern District of California in Oakland, California, granted final approval for the settlement of the lawsuit.

Trade secret lawsuit

In a lawsuit filed in October 2014 in the US District Court in Madison, Epic Systems accused TCS and Tata America International Corp of "brazenly stealing the trade secrets, confidential information, documents, and data" belonging to Epic. This lawsuit was amended in January and December 2015. In April 2016, a US jury imposed a US$940 million fine on TCS and Tata America International Corp in the trade secret case,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> which was reduced to US$420 million in 2017.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2020, an appeals court ruled that the US$280 million in punitive damages was "constitutionally excessive", but upheld the remaining portion of US$140 million in compensatory damages.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The case concluded in November 2023, with TCS agreeing to pay US$125 million.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Sexual harassment allegations

In 2019, an employee filed a complaint with the Kancheepuram labour court,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> alleging that Tata Consultancy Services' internal complaints committee mishandled<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> a sexual harassment case. Despite the case being approved, there has been no significant progress over the years, with the worker accusing the company of delaying investigations.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The worker has also reported unexplained transfers<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and other forms of alleged workplace retribution, including in performance reviews.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See also

• List of IT consulting firms
• List of largest employers in India
• Information technology in India
• List of Indian IT companies

External links

• Template:Official website