Tate & Lyle

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Tate & Lyle Public Limited Company<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> is a British-headquartered, global supplier of diverse food and beverage products to food and industrial markets. It was originally a sugar refining business, but from the 1970s, it began to diversify, eventually divesting its sugar business in 2010. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

History

Sugar refining

File:2018 LCY, aerial view of Tate & Lyle, Silvertown (cropped).jpg
Tate & Lyle PLC refinery along the Thames in Silvertown, London

In 1859 grocery-store magnate Henry Tate sold his stores and became a partner in the John Wright & Co. sugar refinery in Liverpool.<ref name="Tate">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Tate–Wright partnership ended in 1869, and Tate's two sons Alfred and Edwin joined the business, forming Henry Tate & Sons.<ref name="Heritage">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> They opened a new refinery in Love Lane, Liverpool in 1872.<ref name="Heritage"/> In 1875 Tate acquired exclusive technology rights in Britain to the production of sugar cubes, which had been developed in Switzerland and Germany, and thereby introduced cube sugar to the UK.<ref name="T&L History"/><ref name="Heritage"/> In 1878 the company opened Thames Refinery in Silvertown in East London.<ref name="T&L History">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 1865 Abram Lyle, a cooper and shipowner, acquired an interest in Glebe Sugar Refinery in Greenock, Scotland.<ref name="Lyle">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> After the principal partner, John Kerr, died in 1872, Lyle sold his shares and looked for a site for a new refinery.<ref name="Lyle"/> In 1883 Template:Visible anchor started melting sugar at Plaistow Refinery, West Silvertown, London, just 1.5 miles from Henry Tate & Son's Thames Refinery.<ref name="Lyle"/> The two men were bitter business rivals, although they never met in person.<ref name="Barrett">Template:Cite book</ref>

After opening his sugar-melting factory in 1883, Lyle's Golden Syrup was an instant hit and Lyle's company was soon selling a tonne a week.<ref name="Heritage"/> In 1888 Lyle's Golden Syrup introduced a logo of a dead lion surrounded by a swarm of bees, illustrating the biblical story of Samson, with the quotation "out of the strong came forth sweetness".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The logo, which holds the Guinness World Record for the world's oldest unchanged brand packaging,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> was kept for most products until 2024, when it was replaced with a lion's head and a single bee. The original logo was maintained for Lyle's Golden Syrup tins.<ref name=logo>Template:Cite news</ref>

Lyle died in 1891,<ref name="Lyle"/> and Tate died in 1899;<ref name="Tate"/> their sons carried on their companies. The Tate company was officially incorporated in 1903 as Henry Tate & Sons (1903) Limited.<ref name="NameChanges" /><ref name="Circular">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1921, the two rival sugar refiners merged after the deaths of both of their founders,<ref name="Barrett"/> and the company was renamed to Tate & Lyle, Limited;<ref name="NameChanges" /><ref name="Circular"/> at the time, the combined company refined around 50% of the UK's sugar.<ref name="Heritage"/>

In 1949, the company introduced its "Mr Cube" brand, as part of a marketing campaign to help it fight a proposed nationalisation by the Labour government.<ref name="T&L History"/>

Diversification

From 1973, British membership of the European Economic Community threatened Tate & Lyle's core business, with quotas imposed from Brussels favouring domestic sugar beet producers over imported cane refiners such as Tate & Lyle.<ref name="DTobit">Template:Cite news</ref> As a result, under the joint leadership of John O. Lyle and Saxon Tate (direct descendants of Abram Lyle and Henry Tate respectively), the company began to diversify into related fields of commodity trading, transport and engineering, and in 1976, it acquired competing cane sugar refiner Manbré & Garton.<ref name="DTobit" />

In 1976, the company acquired a 33% stake (increased to 63% in 1988) in Amylum, a European starch-based manufacturing business.<ref name="T&L History"/> The Liverpool sugar plant closed in 1981, and the Greenock plant closed in 1997.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1988, Tate & Lyle acquired a 90% stake in A. E. Staley, a US corn processing business.<ref name="T&L History"/> In 1998 it brought Haarmann & Reimer, a citric acid producer.<ref name="T&L History"/> In 2000, it acquired the remaining minorities of Amylum and A. E. Staley.<ref name="T&L History"/>

In 2004, it established a joint venture with DuPont to manufacture Bio-PDO, a renewably produced 1,3-Propanediol used to make DuPont's Sorona fabric.<ref name="T&L History"/> In 2005, DuPont Tate & Lyle BioProducts was created as a joint venture between DuPont and Tate & Lyle.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2006, it acquired Hycail, a small Dutch business, giving the company intellectual property and a pilot plant to manufacture Polylactic acid (PLA), another bio-plastic.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In October 2007, five European starch and alcohol plants, previously part of the European starch division known as Amylum group, were sold to Syral, a subsidiary of French sugar company Tereos.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Syral closed its Greenwich Peninsula plant in London in September 2009, and it was subsequently demolished.<ref name="853Tunnel">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:Television House 532080694.jpg
Tate & Lyle head office in Kingsway, London

In February 2008, it was announced that Tate & Lyle granulated white cane sugar would be accredited as a Fairtrade product, with all the company's other retail products to follow in 2009.<ref name="Tate & Lyle sugar to be Fairtrade">Template:Cite news</ref>

In April 2009, the United States International Trade Commission affirmed a ruling that Chinese manufacturers can make copycat versions of its Splenda product.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2021, Tate & Lyle ranked fourth in the Modified Starch category of FoodTalks' Global Food Thickener Companies list.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In May 2022, it was announced that Tate & Lyle had acquired Nutriati, an ingredient technology company developing and producing chickpea protein and flour.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Disposal of sugar refining business

In July 2010, the company announced the sale of its sugar refining business, including rights to use the Tate & Lyle brand name and Lyle's Golden Syrup, to American Sugar Refining (owned by sugar barons the Fanjul brothers) for £211 million.<ref name=asr /> The sale included the Plaistow Wharf and Silvertown plants.<ref name=asr>Tate & Lyle sells sugar arm to American Sugar Refining BBC News, 1 July 2010</ref> The new owners pledged that there would be no job losses as a result of the transaction.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Recent history

In 2012, HarperCollins published The Sugar Girls, a work of narrative non-fiction based on the true stories of women who worked at Tate & Lyle's two factories in the East End of London from the 1940s to the 1960s.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A follow up book, The Sugar Girls of Love Lane, released in 2024, was centered on the women who worked at the Liverpool factory.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Nick Hampton became CEO on 1 April 2018, replacing Javed Ahmed, who stepped down from this role and from the board, and retired from the company.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Tate & Lyle has developed a method to commercially produce the natural sweetener allulose. It emerged in August 2019 that the company was seeking to take advantage of the 2019 permission from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to not list the product in total sugar or as an added sugar in commercial food ingredients.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In July 2021, Tate & Lyle announced it was spinning off its Primary Products business in North America and Latin America, and its interests in the Almidones Mexicanos S.A de C.V and DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio-Products Company, LLC joint ventures.<ref name="KPS completion"/> These divisions and interests were renamed Primient, and a controlling interest was sold to KPS Capital Partners.<ref name="KPS completion"/> Tate & Lyle maintain 49.9% ownership of Primient and the remaining 50.1% is owned by KPS Capital Partners (including board and management control).<ref name="KPS completion"/> The transaction was completed in April 2022.<ref name="KPS completion">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In June 2022, it was announced that Tate & Lyle had completed the acquisition of Quantum Hi-Tech (Guangdong) Biological Co., Ltd (Quantum), a prebiotic dietary fibre business located in China.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In January 2023, Tate & Lyle announced a rebrand, including a new logo and typography for all products except Lyle's Golden Syrup (which maintains the original logo, the world's oldest unchanged brand packaging),<ref name=logo/> new imagery and a new narrative: science, solutions, society.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In June 2024, Tate & Lyle announced that the company has signed an agreement to acquire CP Kelco, a provider of pectin and speciality gums, from J.M. Huber, a large US-based family-owned corporation.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Operations

File:Corn syrup tank car.jpg
A Tate & Lyle tank car carrying corn syrup

As of 2025, the company's key areas of expertise are:<ref name="Heritage"/>

See also

References

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Further reading

  • Sugar and All That... A History of Tate & Lyle by Antony Hugill (Gentry Books, 1978) Template:ISBN
  • Template:Cite book – A source for information concerning Tate & Lyle's union-busting activities in the early 1990s in Decatur, Illinois
  • Template:Cite book

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