The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes

The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes is a collection of short stories by British writer Arthur Conan Doyle, first published on 14 October 1892. It contains the earliest short stories featuring the consulting detective Sherlock Holmes, which had been published in twelve monthly issues of The Strand Magazine from July 1891 to June 1892. The stories are collected in the same sequence, which is not supported by any fictional chronology. The only characters common to all twelve are Holmes and Dr. Watson, and all are related in first-person narrative from Watson's point of view.

In general the stories in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes identify, and try to correct, social injustices. Holmes is portrayed as offering a new, fairer sense of justice. The stories were well received, and boosted the subscriptions figures of The Strand Magazine, prompting Doyle to be able to demand more money for his next set of stories. The first story, "A Scandal in Bohemia", includes the character of Irene Adler, who, despite being featured only within this one story by Doyle, is a prominent character in modern Sherlock Holmes adaptations, often as a love interest for Holmes. Doyle included four of the stories from this collection in his twelve favourite Sherlock Holmes stories, picking "The Adventure of the Speckled Band" as his overall favourite.

Context

Template:Main Arthur Conan Doyle began writing while studying medicine at university in the late 1870s, and had his first short story, "The Mystery of Sasassa Valley", published in September 1879. Eight years later his first Sherlock Holmes story, the novel A Study in Scarlet, was published by Ward Lock & Co. It was well received, but Doyle was paid little for it; after a sequel novel, The Sign of the Four, was published in Lippincott's Monthly Magazine, he shifted his focus to short stories.<ref name="odnb">Template:Cite ODNB</ref> Soon after The Strand Magazine was inaugurated in January 1891, its editor Herbert Greenhough Smith received two submissions to the new monthly from Doyle. Later he described his reaction: "I at once realised that here was the greatest short story writer since Edgar Allan Poe."<ref name="klingxxx">Doyle, Klinger (2005), p. xxx.</ref> The first of them, "A Scandal in Bohemia", was published near the back of the July issue with ten illustrations by Sidney Paget.<ref>"ADVENTURES OF SHERLOCK HOLMES: Adventure I.—A Scandal in Bohemia". The Strand Magazine, vol. 2, pp. 61–75 (July 1891). Bound volume 2 viewed at HathiTrust Digital Library. Retrieved 22 July 2019. Paget is credited in the volume Index, pp. 667–70; images 9–12 in the linked copy at HathiTrust.</ref> The stories proved popular, helping to boost the circulation of the magazine,<ref name="odnb"/> and Doyle was paid 30 guineas each for the initial run of twelve.<ref name="klingxxx"/> These first twelve stories were published monthly from July 1891 until June 1892,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and then were collected together and published as a book, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes on 14 October 1892 by George Newnes, the publisher of The Strand Magazine.<ref>Doyle, Klinger (2005), p. xxxii.</ref> The initial print run of the book was for 10,000 copies in the United Kingdom, and a further 4,500 copies in the United States, which were published by Harper Brothers the following day.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Sidney Paget illustrated all twelve stories in The Strand and in the collection. The preceding Holmes novels had been illustrated by other artists.

Stories

Summary

All of the stories within The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes are told in a first-person narrative from the point of view of Dr. Watson, as is the case for all but four of the Sherlock Holmes stories.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography entry for Doyle suggests that the short stories contained in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes tend to point out social injustices, such as "a king's betrayal of an opera singer, a stepfather's deception of his ward as a fictitious lover, an aristocratic crook's exploitation of a failing pawnbroker, a beggar's extensive estate in Kent."<ref name="odnb"/> It suggests that, in contrast, Holmes is portrayed as offering a fresh and fair approach in an unjust world of "official incompetence and aristocratic privilege".<ref name="odnb"/> The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes contains many of Doyle's favourite Sherlock Holmes stories. In 1927, he submitted a list of what he believed were his twelve best Sherlock Holmes stories to The Strand Magazine. Among those he listed were "The Adventure of the Speckled Band" (as his favourite), "The Red-Headed League" (second), "A Scandal in Bohemia" (fifth) and "The Five Orange Pips" (seventh).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The book was banned in the Soviet Union in 1929 because of its alleged "occultism",<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> but gained popularity in a black market of similarly banned books, and the restriction was lifted in 1940.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Publication sequence

Stories by publication sequence

Title	Publication	Plot	Template:Tooltip
"A Scandal in Bohemia"	Template:Dts	The King of Bohemia engages Holmes to recover an indiscreet photograph showing him with the renowned beauty, adventuress and opera singer Irene Adler, the revelation of which would derail his marriage.	<ref>Doyle, Klinger (2005), p. 138.</ref><ref>Doyle, Klinger (2005), p. 5.</ref>
"The Red-Headed League"	Template:Dts	Jabez Wilson, a pawnbroker, consults Holmes about a job which he gained only because of his red hair.	<ref>Doyle, Klinger (2005), p. 41.</ref>
"A Case of Identity"	Template:Dts	Against the wishes of her stepfather, Mary Sutherland has become engaged to Hosmer Angel. On the morning of their wedding Angel disappears en route to the church.	<ref>Doyle, Klinger (2005), p. 74.</ref>
"The Boscombe Valley Mystery"	Template:Dts	Inspector Lestrade asks for Holmes's help after Charles McCarthy is murdered and McCarthy's son James is implicated.	<ref>Doyle, Klinger (2005), p. 101.</ref>
"The Five Orange Pips"	Template:Dts	John Openshaw tells Holmes that in 1883 his uncle died two months after receiving a letter inscribed "K.K.K." with five orange pips enclosed, and that in 1885 his father died soon after receiving a similar letter.	<ref>Doyle, Klinger (2005), p. 133.</ref>
"The Man with the Twisted Lip"	Template:Dts	Neville St. Clair, a respectable businessman, has disappeared and his wife claims that she has seen him at the upper window of an opium den.	<ref>Doyle, Klinger (2005), p. 159.</ref>
"The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle"	Template:Dts	A "Blue Carbuncle" jewel is stolen from a hotel suite, and a former felon is soon arrested. However, an acquaintance of Holmes discovers the gemstone in the crop of a Christmas goose.	<ref>Doyle, Klinger (2005), p. 197.</ref>
"The Adventure of the Speckled Band"	Template:Dts	Helen Stoner worries that her stepfather may be trying to kill her after he contrives to move her to the bedroom where her sister had died two years earlier, shortly before her wedding.	<ref>Doyle, Klinger (2005), p. 227.</ref>
"The Adventure of the Engineer's Thumb"	Template:Dts	An engineer, Victor Hatherley, attends Dr Watson's surgery after his thumb is chopped off, and recounts his tale to Watson and Holmes.	<ref>Doyle, Klinger (2005), p. 264.</ref>
"The Adventure of the Noble Bachelor"	Template:Dts	Lord Robert St. Simon's new American bride, Hatty Doran, has disappeared almost immediately after the wedding.	<ref>Doyle, Klinger (2005), p. 291.</ref>
"The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet"	Template:Dts	A banker asks Holmes to investigate after a "Beryl Coronet" entrusted to him is damaged at his home.	<ref>Doyle, Klinger (2005), p. 319.</ref>
"The Adventure of the Copper Beeches"	Template:Dts	Violet Hunter consults Holmes after being offered a governess job subject to a number of unusual conditions, including cutting her hair short.	<ref>Doyle, Klinger (2005), p. 351.</ref>

Critical reception

Illustration by Sidney Paget of Sherlock Holmes, from "The Man with the Twisted Lip".

The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes were well received upon their serialisation in The Strand Magazine.<ref name="leeds">Template:Cite news</ref> Following the publication of "A Scandal in Bohemia" in July 1891, the Hull Daily Mail described the story as being "worthy of the inventive genius" of Doyle.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Just over a year later, when Doyle took a break from publishing the short stories upon the completion of The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, a piece in the Belfast News Letter reviewed a story by another author in The Strand Magazine saying that it "might have been read with a moderate amount of interest a year ago", but that "the unique power" of Doyle's writing was evident in the gulf in quality between the stories.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Leeds Mercury particularly praised the characterisation of Holmes, "with all his little foibles",<ref name="leeds"/> while in contrast the Cheltenham Looker-On described Holmes as "rather a bore sometimes", noting that descriptions of his foibles "grows wearisome".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The correspondent for Hampshire Telegraph lamented the fact that Doyle's more thoughtful writing, such as Micah Clarke, was not so popular as the Holmes stories, concluding that an author "who wishes to make literature pay must write what his readers want".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Adaptations

Sherlock Holmes has been adapted numerous times for both films and plays, and the character has been played by over 70 different actors in more than 200 films.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A number of film and television series have borne the title "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes", but some of these are either original stories,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> combinations of a number of Doyle's stories, or in one case, an adaptation of The Sign of the Four.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Irene Adler, who is in the first short story, "A Scandal in Bohemia", is prominent in many modern adaptations, despite only appearing in one story.<ref name="thompson">Template:Cite book</ref> Often in modern adaptations, she is portrayed as a love interest for Holmes, as in Robert Doherty's Elementary and the BBC's Sherlock,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> even though in the story itself, the narration claims: "It was not that he felt any emotion akin to love for Irene Adler."<ref name="thompson"/> In his Sherlock Holmes Handbook, Christopher Redmond notes "the Canon provides little basis for either sentimental or prurient speculation about a Holmes-Adler connection."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Multiple series have featured adaptations of all or nearly all of the stories in this collection, including the 1921–1923 Stoll film series (all except "The Five Orange Pips"),<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> the radio series The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (1930–1936),<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> the 1939–1950 radio series The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (all except "The Beryl Coronet"),<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and the BBC Sherlock Holmes 1952–1969 radio series. Many of the stories from the collection were included as episodes in the Granada Television series Sherlock Holmes which ran from 1984 until 1994.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The stories in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes were dramatised for BBC Radio 4 in 1990–1991 as part of the BBC Sherlock Holmes 1989–1998 radio series,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and were adapted as episodes of the radio series The Classic Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (2005–2016).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The stories within the collection have also been adapted for many other productions.

Sources

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External links

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