The Frythe

File:The Frythe, Welwyn, Hertfordshire.jpg

The Frythe in 2022

The Frythe is a country house set in its own grounds in rural Hertfordshire, just south of the village of Welwyn, about 30 miles north of London.

History

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View toward the house in 1877

Early history

The Frythe was part of the property of Holywell Priory, Shoreditch, and in 1523 William Wilshere obtained a sixty-year lease of the Frythe from the priory. As a result of the dissolution of the monasteries, in 1539 the property was granted to Sir John Gostwick and Joan his wife. Within ten years, Wilshere had purchased The Frythe from Gostwick's heirs, and the property remained in the possession of the Wilshere family for several centuries.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The present "Gothic revival" mansion was built in 1846 for William Wilshere (MP for Great Yarmouth from 1837 to 1846). The architects were Thomas Smith and Edward Blore. After William Wilshere's death in 1867 the house was enlarged by his brother Charles Willes Wilshere who inherited it. In 1908 on Charles Wilshere's death, it passed on to his three unmarried daughters, until the last one died in 1934. The estate passed to a great-nephew, Captain Gerald Maunsell Gamul Farmer, of a landed gentry family of Nonsuch, Surrey, who adopted the surname of Wilshere,<ref>Burke's Landed Gentry 17th edition, ed. L. G. Pine, 1952, pp. 811, 2745</ref> and ran the house as "The Frythe Residential and Private Hotel".<ref name=knaggs>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

SOE Station IX

File:Service of of Major John Brown in Special Operations Executive (soe) at Sta Ix, the Frythe, Welwyn Garden City in the Second World War HU56777.jpg

Weapon developed by Station IX

'The Frythe' was commandeered in August 1939 by the British military intelligence.<ref name="Timelapse">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> During the Second World War it became a secret British Special Operations Executive factory known as Station IX making commando equipment. Secret research included military vehicles and equipment, explosives and technical sabotage, camouflage, biological and chemical warfare. In the grounds of The Frythe small cabins and barracks functioned as laboratories and workshops.<ref name="Timelapse"/>

Research facility

The Frythe was for many years a commercial research facility, operated by ICI from 1946, known as 'Akers Research Laboratories' from around 1955, named after Sir Wallace Akers, who had died in 1954.<ref>Times Friday October 17 1958, page 2</ref> From 1963 it was owned by Unilever, and by Smith, Kline & French from 1977.<ref name=knaggs/>

Unilever

From 1946 to 1963 the site was shared by ICI with Unilever.<ref name=knaggs/> New buildings were built by Unilever in the 1960s, with a contract for £400,000 in 1964 to Taylor Woodrow. Research was conducted on edible oils, margarine, ice cream, and frozen foods in the 1960s. Techniques included molecular biophysics, X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), mass spectrometry, ESR spectroscopy (electron paramagnetic resonance), and infrared spectroscopy.<ref name=knaggs/>

GSK

File:Cimetidine-xtal-3D-balls.png

Cimetidine, discovered at The Frythe

Smith, Kline & French discovered Tagamet (Cimetidine) at The Frythe in 1971, which treats peptic ulcers by Sir James Black FRS and C. Robin Ganellin FRS with research on H2 antagonist.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Residential accommodation

The Frythe site was closed by GlaxoSmithKline and sold to a property development company on 19 December 2010.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2017, the conversion of the property into flats was still underway.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

External links

• The Frythe – Linden Homes
• {{#if:TL226148|[[Ordnance Survey National Grid|{{#if:Template:Yesno|Grid|grid}} reference]] {{#invoke:Ordnance Survey coordinates|oscoord|TL226148_region:GB_scale:25000|TL226148|name=}}}}