The Rhythm of the Saints

Template:Use mdy dates {{safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst-infobox||$params=italic_title,name,type,longtype,artist,cover,border,alt,caption,released,recorded,venue,studio,genre,length,language,label,director,producer,compiler,chronology,prev_title,prev_year,year,next_title,next_year,misc|$extra=italic_title,longtype,border,caption,language,director,compiler,chronology,year,misc|$aliases=italic title>italic_title,Italic title>italic_title,Name>name,Type>type,image>cover,Cover>cover,Border>border,Alt>alt,Caption>caption,Longtype>longtype,Artist>artist,Released>released,Recorded>recorded,Venue>venue,Studio>studio,Genre>genre,Length>length,Language>language,Label>label,Director>director,Producer>producer,Compiler>compiler,Chronology>chronology,Misc>misc|$flags=override|$B={{#ifeq:{{#invoke:Is infobox in lead|main|[Ii]nfobox [Aa]lbum}}|true|{{#if:Template:Has short description | |{{#if: October 16, 1990 | Template:Short description}}}}}}{{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template otherTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Main other{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox album with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|italic_title |type |name |image |cover |border |alt |caption |longtype |artist |released |recorded |venue |studio |genre |length |language |label |director |producer |compiler |prev_title|prev_year|next_title|next_year|chronology|year|misc}}{{#if:{{#invoke:String|match|error_category=Music infoboxes with Module:String errors|A|1=Negotiations and Love Songs1988Paul Simon's Concert in the Park1991studioThe Rhythm of the SaintsRhythm Of The Saints.jpgPaul SimonOctober 16, 1990December 1989 – June 1990Pop, rock, worldbeat44:49Warner Bros.Paul Simonx|2=</?t[drh][ >]|nomatch=}}|Template:Main other}}Template:Main other}}

The Rhythm of the Saints is the eighth solo studio album by American singer-songwriter Paul Simon, released on October 16, 1990, by Warner Bros. In much the same way that Simon's previous album, Graceland, released in 1986, drew upon South African music, this album was inspired by Brazilian musical traditions.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="McAlley">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Like its predecessor, the album was commercially successful and received mostly favorable reviews from critics.

In 1992, The Rhythm of the Saints earned two nominations for the 34th Grammy Awards – Album of the Year and Producer of the Year.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="34GN">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Background

Simon had traveled to Brazil on five different occasions between 1988 and 1989, taking particular interest in the sounds coming from various street musicians that he encountered. He was encouraged to visit Brazil after Eddie Palmieri told him that "the journey of the drum goes with the slave trade, from West Africa to Brazil, then up the Caribbean."<ref name="Adrianson">Template:Cite news</ref> During his time in the city of Salvador, Bahia, he encountered the music ensemble Grupo Cultural Olodum after hearing that they were rehearsing there. Simon was impressed with their playing and recorded the ensemble two days later for "The Obvious Child", which became the opening track to Rhythm of the Saints.<ref name="Adrianson"/>

On Rhythm of the Saints, Simon decided to build many of the tracks around polyrhythmic percussion patterns.<ref name="Gallo">Template:Cite magazine</ref> He said that the rhythms influenced some of the melodies and lyrics that later accompanied the compositions.<ref name="Adrianson"/> Simon constructed chord changes around these rhythms and described the chord progressions on Rhythm of the Saints as "more adventurous" than the work on his previous album, Graceland.<ref name="Gallo"/>

Simon began to promote Rhythm of the Saints in August 1990 by inviting members of the press to the recording studio, where he sang material from his forthcoming album over the existing instrumentation, which had yet to be finalized at this stage. The album release date was originally set for September of that year, although less than three days before the album was planned for distribution to retail stores, Simon pushed the release date back over his belief that the mixes and track sequencing were not satisfactory. Simon also used this time to redo some of the vocals and said that "if you gave me the record for another week, I could take it up a pretty good notch."<ref name="Publicity">Template:Cite magazine</ref> On November 15, Simon announced on the Saturday Night Live sound stage that he would be embarking on the 41-date "Born At The Right Time Tour" with a 17-piece touring band beginning on January 4, 1991 in Tacoma, Washington.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Reception

The Rhythm of the Saints peaked at No. 4 on the US album chart, while Graceland had peaked at No. 3, ranking them both among Simon's most commercially successful albums. The album was also successful across the Atlantic, reaching No. 1 on the UK album chart. However, with the exception of "The Obvious Child", none of its three singles—including "Proof" and "Born at the Right Time"—charted or received substantial radio play. "The Obvious Child" also failed to reach the US top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100, where it peaked at No. 92,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> although it reached No. 15 in the UK.<ref name="Publicity"/> Within one month of its release, Rhythm of the Saints had sold over 1.3 million copies.<ref name="Publicity"/>

Certain radio stations declined to give the album substantial airplay, with a DJ from KLOS commenting that "we played it once, but we abandoned it when we got to that drum thing".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Casey Keating from KPLZ-FM opted not to play the album, expressing their belief that strong album sales and concert attendance did not guarantee airplay on the radio.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> On the difficulties of achieving airplay with Rhythm of the Saints, Simon recounted the reasons he heard from radio programmers on their reluctance to play the album. "They say, more apologetically now – we can't program it. They say it's 'too exotic' for AOR, it's 'too hard' for AC, it 'doesn't sound like the format' of CHR." He also reckoned that he heard Simon & Garfunkel music on the radio more consistently than his material from Rhythm of the Saints.<ref name="Publicity"/>

Central Park concert

Alongside various musicians, Simon performed live versions of many of the songs from the album at a free concert in Central Park, New York City on August 15, 1991, in front of an audience of around 500,000 people. The performance was recorded and later released as the album Paul Simon's Concert in the Park.

Track listing

All tracks composed by Paul Simon, except "The Coast" (music by Simon and Vincent Nguini) and "Spirit Voices" (Portuguese lyrics by Milton Nascimento).

1. "The Obvious Child" – 4:10
2. "Can't Run But" – 3:36
3. "The Coast" – 5:04
4. "Proof" – 4:39
5. "Further to Fly" – 5:36
6. "She Moves On" – 5:03
7. "Born at the Right Time" – 3:48
8. "The Cool, Cool River" – 4:33
9. "Spirit Voices" – 3:56
10. "The Rhythm of the Saints" – 4:12

Bonus tracks (2004 reissue)

11. "Born at the Right Time" (acoustic demo) – 3:50
12. "Thelma" (outtake) – 4:14
13. "The Coast" (work-in-progress version) – 5:13
14. "Spirit Voices" (work-in-progress version) – 3:49

Notes:

• "Thelma" previously appeared on Paul Simon 1964/1993.
• According to Robert J. Reina of Stereophile magazine, Simon's original track sequence was changed when "the boys in Warners' front office insisted the album's lead single, 'The Obvious Child' be given pride of place."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> To hear Simon's preferred track order, the current release would have to be re-sequenced as 3-6-4-7-8-1-2-9-5-10. At least two sleeves reflecting this track listing are known to exist.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Personnel

• Paul Simon – vocals, guitars (1, 3, 7, 8, 9), horn arrangements (1, 2, 3, 5–10), guitar arrangements (1, 5–8), backing vocals (4)

with

Keyboards

• Greg Phillinganes – synthesizers (3, 4, 5, 8)
• Justin Tchounou – synthesizers (4)
• Jimmy McDonald – accordion (4)
• C. J. Chenier – accordion (7)
• Joao Severo Da Silva – accordion (10)

Guitars and bass

• J. J. Cale – guitars (2, 7)
• Vincent Nguini – guitars (3, 5–10, 12), guitar arrangements (3, 5, 6, 8, 9), horn arrangements (4), bass (5, 8), claves (9)
• Martin Atangana and Georges Seba – electric guitar and guitar arrangements (4)
• Rigo Star – guitars (5) [Liner notes erroneously credit him as "Ringo Star"]
• Raphael Rabello – classical guitar (5)
• Ray Phiri – guitars and guitar arrangements (6)
• Adrian Belew – guitar synthesizer (9), guitars (12)
• Kofi Electrik – guitars and guitar arrangements (10)
• Tommy Bilson-Ogoe – guitars (10)
• Armando Macedo – baiana (10)
• Jerry Douglas – dobro (12)
• Bakithi Kumalo – bass (3, 4, 7, 9)
• André Manga – bass (4)
• Armand Sabal-Lecco – bass (6, 7, 9, 10, 12)

Drums and percussion

• Grupo Cultural Olodum – drums (1)
• Steve Gadd – drums (2, 4, 12)
• Felix Sabal-Lecco – drums (7)
• Naná Vasconcelos – percussion (2, 10, 12), gourd (3, 5, 8, 9), voice (3), berimbau (8), congas and triangle (9)
• Mingo Araujo – castanets (2), talking drum (2, 4), triangle (2, 8), shaker and African bells (3), bass drum (4, 9), cymbals (4), percussion (5), congas (6, 7, 8, 12), agogo bells (7), surdo (12)
• Uakti – percussion (2, 10), percussion effects (8)
  • Marco Antōnio Guimarães – basic track arrangements (2)
• Paulo Sérgio Santos and Mazzola – chicote (2)
• Remi Kabaka – talking drum (2)
• Dom Chacal – bongos (4, 6, 12), congas (5, 7), batá drum (5, 12), gourd (9)
• Madeleine Yayodele Nelson – shekere (4, 7)
• Sidinho Moreira – water bowl (4), congas (5, 6, 7, 9), bongos (5), bass drum and bottles (7), tambourine (9), surdo (12)
• Wilson das Neves – percussion (5), cowbell (6)
• Beloba, Wilson Canegal, Jorginho do Pandeiro, Marçalzinho and Roberto Bastros "Luna" Pinheiro – additional percussion effects (5)
• Pedro Sorongo – additional percussion effects (5), scraper (6)
• Antenor Marques "Gordinho" Filho – surdo (6)
• Isaac Okyerema Asante – cajón (8)
• Anthony Carrillo – bongos (9)
• Giovanni Hidalgo and Francisco Aguabella – congas (9)

Reed and brass instruments

• Kim Wilson – harmonica (1)
• Michael Brecker – Akai EWI controller (1, 3, 5, 8, 12), saxophone (6)
• Charles Doherty – alto saxophone (3, 8), tenor saxophone (8)
• Jude Bethel – tenor saxophone (3)
• Errol Ince and Clyde Mitchell – trumpet (3, 8)
• Clifton Anderson – trombone (3, 8)
• Alain Hatot – saxophones (4)
• Phillipe Slominski – trumpet (4)
• Jacques Bolognesi – trombone (4)
• Randy Brecker – trumpet (5), piccolo trumpet (6)
• Dave Bargeron – euphonium (5)

Vocals

• Briz – backing vocals (1)
• Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Karen Bernod, Kia Jeffries, Myrna Lynn Gomila – backing vocals (3)
• Charlotte Mbango, Djana'd, Elolongue Mbango Catherine, Florence Gnimagnon – backing vocals (6, 7)
• Milton Nascimento – vocals (9)

Production

• Paul Simon – producer
• Marco Mazzola – basic rhythm track production (2–10)
• Phil Ramone – original Olodum recording supervisor (1), Transamerica sessions supervisor (2, 3, 5, 8, 10)
• Roy Halee – engineer
• Rich Travali – assistant engineer
• Luiz "Mequinho" Felipe – assistant engineer (1)
• Vanderley Loureiro – assistant engineer (2–10)
• Geraldo Tazares – assistant engineer (2–10)
• Bruce Keen – assistant engineer (4, 7)
• Greg Calbi – mastering at Sterling Sound (New York City, New York)
• Danny Harrison – album coordinator
• Marc Silag – album coordinator
• Dolores Lusitana – associate coordinator
• Yolanda Cuomo – art direction, design
• Miguel Rio Branco – front cover photography
• Bruno Barbey – back cover photography
• Sylvia Plachy – photograph of Paul Simon

Charts

Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for The Rhythm of the Saints by Paul Simon

Chart (1990–91)	Peak position
Australian ARIA Albums Chart<ref name="auchart">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	3
Austrian Albums Chart<ref name="atchart">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	4
Belgian Albums Chart<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>	6
Canadian Albums Chart<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	1
Dutch Mega Albums Chart<ref name="nlchart">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	2
European Top 100 Albums<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	1
Finnish Albums Chart<ref name="FINchart">Template:Cite book</ref>	7
French SNEP Albums Chart<ref name="fracharts">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	22
German Media Control Albums Chart <ref name="GER1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	11
Hungarian Albums Chart<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	13
Japanese Oricon Albums Chart<ref name="Jachart">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	87
Norwegian VG-lista Albums Chart<ref name="norcharts">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	6
New Zealand Albums Chart<ref name="nzchart">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	6
Spanish Albums Chart<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>	17
Swedish Albums Chart<ref name="sechart">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	8
Swiss Albums Chart<ref name="chchart">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	3
UK Albums Chart<ref name="UKchart">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	1
US Billboard 200<ref name="USchart1">[{{#ifeq: yes | yes	https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-rhythm-of-the-saints-r18030/charts-awards{{ #if:	/{{{tab}}} }}	{{#if: the-rhythm-of-the-saints-r18030/charts-awards	{{#if:	[[{{{author-link}}}|{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }}]]|{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }}}}. }}[https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-rhythm-of-the-saints-r18030/charts-awards{{ #if:	/{{{tab}}} }} {{ #if:	{{{title}}}	Template:PAGENAMEBASE }}] at AllMusic{{ #if: 12 July 2011	. Retrieved 12 July 2011. }}	{{#if: {{#property:P1728}}	Template:First word {{#if: | {{{title}}} | Template:PAGENAMEBASE }} at AllMusicTemplate:EditAtWikidata	{{#if: {{#property:P1729}}	Template:First word {{#if: | {{{title}}} | Template:PAGENAMEBASE }} at AllMusicTemplate:EditAtWikidata	{{#if: {{#property:P1730}}	Template:First word {{#if: | {{{title}}} | Template:PAGENAMEBASE }} at AllMusicTemplate:EditAtWikidata	{{#if: {{#property:P1994}}	Template:First word {{#if: | {{{title}}} | Template:PAGENAMEBASE }} at AllMusicTemplate:EditAtWikidata	Template:Main other }} }} }} }} }} }} Allmusic – The Rhythm of the Saints > Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums]</ref>	4
Zimbabwean Albums Chart<ref>* Zimbabwe. Kimberley, C. Zimbabwe: albums chart book. Harare: C. Kimberley, 2000</ref>	5

Year-end charts

Chart (1990)	Position
Australian Albums Chart<ref name="AUSYearend">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	36
Canadian Albums Chart<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	26
Dutch Albums Chart<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	29
European Albums Charts<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	94
UK Albums Chart<ref name="UKYearend">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	13

Chart (1991)	Position
Canadian Albums Chart<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	22
U.S. Billboard 200<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	22