Thornton Creek

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Thornton Creek is Template:Convert of urban creeks and tributaries from southeast Shoreline through northeast Seattle to Lake Washington. Its Template:Convert watershed, the largest in Seattle, exhibits relatively dense biodiversity for an urban setting;<ref name=Brokaw>Brokaw</ref> it is home to frogs, newts, ducks, herons, and beavers, in addition to more than 75,000 people.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> From west of Jackson Park Golf Course in Shoreline,<ref name=Hodson>Hodson</ref> from Sunny Walter-Pillings Pond<ref name=Walter>Walter</ref> in Licton Springs–North College Park,<ref>Bowditch, Wang, & Wilson</ref> and north Northgate<ref>Boyer</ref> Thornton Creek flows through Maple Leaf and Lake City, including the Victory Heights, Meadowbrook, and Matthews Beach neighborhoods, and empties into the lake at Matthews Beach Park.

Habitat and stewardship

Thornton Creek flows through Meadowbrook Pond,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> known for its birdwatching and resident beavers. The Thornton creek watershed is land formerly inhabited by the Duwamish tribe. One of the Duwamish's historic longhouse sites was located near the mouth of Thornton Creek at Mathews beach.<ref name=waterQuality>Template:Cite web</ref> Early in the 1900s, the creek contained dense runs of at least five species of Pacific salmon and trout. Today, only a few Kokanee still travel up stream.<ref name=Brokaw /> The areas surrounding the creek were developed without regard for that habitat and the riparian corridor; species' diversity declined, and the creek became a typical degraded urban watershed.<ref name=mapes>Template:Cite news</ref> Storm water retention, sites restoration, an Environmental Learning Center next to a school, and a fish ladder contributed to restoration and the return of native plants and wildlife.<ref>Seattle Public Utilities staff, "Thornton Creek".</ref> Thornton creek is home to many native species of muskrats, beavers, otters, bats, crayfish and coyotes, and in addition, is an important breeding ground for great blue herons. Common for urban creeks, there are also many problematic invasive species like Japanese knotweed, black rats and New Zealand mud snails.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Thornton Creek Water Quality Channel

For many decades, much of the stream has run through culverts, notably under the parking lot of Northgate Mall. Building on gradual successes in restoration,<ref name=Walter /><ref> Template:Cite news </ref> activist neighbors began<ref name=Hodson /><ref>Thornton Creek Alliance</ref> working with the City of Seattle and developers toward daylighting parts of the buried creek.<ref>Mulady</ref>

In 2004, the City of Seattle purchased the Template:Convert parking lot from Northgate Mall and began building the Thornton Creek Water Quality Channel. Opened in 2009, it achieved several community goals in limited space: integrating a water-quality facility, providing a diverse housing mix, and allowing public open space. It receives and treats runoff from Template:Convert by providing a multilayered landscape of native plants that also serves as an amenity for surrounding private development.<ref> Template:Citation </ref>

Organizations of citizens have cleaned up nearby wetlands, educated the public about stream health and quality of neighborhood life, and rallied to bring more of the creek to daylight. Many restoration projects in Seattle have been in some way connected to or inspired by Thornton Creek.<ref name="Dolan&True">Dolan & True, p. 223</ref>

Neighborhoods of the Thornton Creek watershed

File:Thornton Creek Meadowbrook Seattle1.JPG
Thornton Creek near Meadowbrook Pond
File:Thornton Creek erratic east face.JPG
The Thornton Creek glacial erratic located southwest of 17th Ave NE and NE 104th St., in Seattle Parks' Kingfisher Natural Area

See also

References

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Bibliography

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Further reading

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