Thoros I

Toros I<ref name='Ghazarian'>Template:Cite book</ref> (Template:Langx), also Thoros I,<ref name='Runciman'>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name='Kurkjian'>Template:Cite book</ref> (unknownTemplate:CN – 1129<ref name='Ghazarian'/> / February 17, 1129 – February 16, 1130Template:CN) was the third lord of Armenian Cilicia<ref name='Ghazarian'/> (Template:Circa 1100<ref name='Ghazarian'/> / 1102 / 1103Template:CN – 1129<ref name='Ghazarian'/> / 1130Template:CN).

His life

Toros was the elder son of Constantine I, lord of Armenian Cilicia.Template:Sfn

In 1107,<ref name='Ghazarian'/> encouraged by Tancred, Prince of Antioch, Toros followed the course of the Pyramus River (today the river Ceyhan in Turkey), and seized the strongholds of Anazarbus (a place which had been considered impregnable) and Sis (ancient city).<ref>Kurkjian 1958, p. 219Template:PD-notice</ref> Toros extensively rebuilt the fortifications at both fortresses with tall circuit walls and massive round towers.<ref name='Edwards'>Template:Cite book</ref> A beautifully executed dedicatory inscription on the church (dated ca. A.D.1111) records his triumph, and most importantly, traces his Rubenid genealogy.<ref name='Edwards1'>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name='Edwards2'>Template:Cite book</ref>

In 1111, Sultan Malik Shah of Konya entered Armenian territories. Levon saved the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia into falling in the hands of the Turks.<ref name='Ghazarian'/>

His death occurred during 1129.<ref name='Ghazarian'/>

Marriage and children

The name of Toros's wife is not known.Template:CN

• Constantine II of Cilicia (? – after February 17, 1129)Template:CN
• (?) Oshin (? – after February 17, 1129)Template:CN

See also

• Siege of Zovk

Sources

• Edwards, Robert W.: The Fortifications of Armenian Cilicia: Dumbarton Oaks Studies XXIII; Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, 1987, Washington, D.C.; Template:ISBN
• Edwards, Robert W.: “Ecclesiastical Architecture in the Fortifications of Armenian Cilicia: First Report,” Dumbarton Oaks Papers vol. 36; Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, 1982, Washington, D.C.; Template:ISBN
• Edwards, Robert W.: “Ecclesiastical Architecture in the Fortifications of Armenian Cilicia: Second Report,” Dumbarton Oaks Papers vol. 37; Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, 1983, Washington, D.C.; Template:ISBN
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Runciman-A History of the Crusades

External links

• Armenian History page on Cilicia
• Armenian History page on Thorus I
• Template:Cite EB1911
• Armenian History page on Cilician historyTemplate:Dead link
• The Barony of Cilician Armenia (Kurkjian's History of Armenia, Ch. 27)
• Smbat Sparapet's Chronicle