To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar

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To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar is a 1995 American road comedy-drama film directed by Beeban Kidron and starring Wesley Snipes, Patrick Swayze, and John Leguizamo as three New York City drag queens who embark on a road trip. Its title refers to an iconic autographed photo of Julie Newmar they carry with them on their journey. Newmar also has a cameo appearance in the film as herself.

The film was released in the United States on September 8, 1995, and held the number-one spot at the North American box office for two weeks with a worldwide gross of $47.8 million. Critical response was mixed, with particular criticism towards the plot and its familiar elements, but the performances of Swayze, Snipes, and Leguizamo were lauded. It has since become a cult favorite amongst the LGBT community. At the 53rd Golden Globe Awards, Swayze was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, and Leguizamo was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture.

World Golf Hall of Fame member Juan Antonio "Chi-Chi" Rodríguez sued Universal Pictures for defamation, especially involving the use of his name in the film,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> eventually settling on undisclosed terms.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Plot

After tying for the win in New York City's "Drag Queen of the Year" contest, Noxeema Jackson and Vida Boheme win a trip to Hollywood to take part in the even bigger "Drag Queen of America" pageant. Before they depart, Vida persuades Noxeema to take along the inexperienced "drag princess" Chi-Chi Rodriguez as their protégé (they initially refer to him simply as a "boy in a dress" rather than as a full-fledged drag queen). To do this, they cash in their plane tickets to a friend, John Jacob Jingleheimer Schmidt, and use the money to buy a yellow convertible 1967 Cadillac DeVille. They set off for Los Angeles in it, carrying with them an iconic autographed photo of Julie Newmar (signed "To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar") that Vida took from a restaurant wall.

While on the road, they are pulled over by Sheriff Dollard, who hurls racial slurs then forces Vida out of the car and tries to rape her. Vida strikes him, and he is knocked unconscious. He is presumed dead, and the queens drive off. At a rest stop, they recover from the incident, but their car breaks down. Bobby Ray, a young man from the nearby small town of Snydersville, happens to pass by and gives them a ride to a bed and breakfast inn. The inn is owned by Carol Ann and her abusive car repairman husband, Virgil.

They are stranded in the town for the weekend waiting for the replacement part for their car. Chi-Chi is harassed by a group of rednecks but is saved by Bobby Ray. While volunteering to help with the town's Strawberry Social, they decide the town's women need a day with them getting their hair done, picking out new outfits, and talking in a café. While searching for the new outfits, they are ecstatic to find vintage fashions from the 1960s in the town's clothing store and give the female residents (and themselves) a makeover.

Following their makeover, they are abused by the same rednecks that attempted to harass Chi-Chi. Fed up, Noxeema handles the situation in a typical New York City manner and teaches their ringleader a lesson in manners by making him apologize and compliment the female residents. Vida, Noxeema, and Chi-Chi do what they can to be positive, and they set out to improve the lives of the townspeople, including offering assistance in organizing the Strawberry Social. Meanwhile, Sheriff Dollard is ridiculed by his colleagues, who believe he was beaten up by a girl. He goes in search of the drag queens.

Vida becomes acutely aware of Carol Ann's abuse at the hands of Virgil and, one night, decides to intervene, beating Virgil up before throwing him out of the house. Carol Ann is able to repair their car, but they remain for the Strawberry Social. Carol Ann reveals to Vida that she knew she was a drag queen all along due to her Adam's apple.

Virgil runs into Sheriff Dollard at a bar, and they realize that the newcomers are the same people Dollard has been searching for. They head back to Snydersville, and Dollard demands that the townspeople turn them over. The other townspeople, who now realize that their new friends are not women, devise a ruse to protect them. One by one, they confront Dollard, each one claiming to be a drag queen (in a similar fashion to Spartacus). Dollard is humiliated and flees. The Strawberry Social commences with everyone dressed in vibrant red outfits. The townspeople then say goodbye to Noxeema, Vida, and Chi-Chi as they prepare to leave. In honor of their friendship, Vida gives Carol Ann the autographed photo of Julie Newmar that has accompanied them on their trip.

They eventually make it to Los Angeles where Chi-Chi, after having received many tips from Vida and Noxeema during their ordeal, wins the title of Drag Queen of the Year. The crown is presented by Julie Newmar herself.

Cast

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Cameo appearances

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Production

Development

Writer Douglas Carter Beane originally envisioned the script as a stage play but changed his mind when he realized putting a car on stage might not work.<ref name="Today.com" /> Beane was inspired by an anti-gay propaganda film titled The Gay Agenda. Of that film, Beane said, "There's a scene where they show drag queens going through a town, and the narrator is warning the viewers that these people will take over your town, and I thought, 'Well, that would be fun'."<ref>Beane quoted in Template:Harvtxt</ref>

The script found its way to Mitch Kohn, then a development executive at Amblin Entertainment.<ref name="Advocate">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Kohn passed the script along to his boss Steven Spielberg, who "loved it".<ref name="Advocate" /> Spielberg had his friend Robin Williams do a humorous cold reading of the script while on a plane, which "mesmerized" the director.<ref name="Today.com" /> Williams expressed interest in a possible role but did not want to distract from the three leads, so he opted for a small cameo appearance.<ref name="Today.com" />

When the script officially went into development at Amblin, multiple unnamed male directors passed on directing.<ref name="Advocate" /> British director Beeban Kidron begged Spielberg to let her direct, and he accepted.<ref name="Watkins" /><ref name="Premiere">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Though advertising companies wanted to change the film's title to the shorter Ladies' Night or She's a Lady, Beane's script managed to keep the original title, which came from an autographed picture of Julie Newmar that Beane saw on the wall of a Times Square Chinese restaurant in the mid-1980s.<ref name="Today.com" /> Beane said Wong Foo is meant to be a metaphor for God, "because you have to thank God for everything. You have to be grateful for life. You just have to stop where you are and say thank you for everything."<ref name="Today.com"/> A scene was filmed where the characters provide more context, but it was deleted.<ref name="Today.com" /><ref>The deleted scene has Vida saying near the end, "Cynics may say that Wong Foo is a Chinese cook or something, but I know better. I know Wong Foo to be God, however you perceive her to be and Julie Newmar knew this."</ref>

Casting

When it came to casting the leading men, Wesley Snipes and John Leguizamo (for whom the role of Chi-Chi Rodriguez was specifically written)<ref name="Today.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> both immediately said yes.<ref name="Advocate" /> Many actors were considered for the role of Vida Boheme, including Robert Downey Jr., William Baldwin, Gary Oldman, Matthew Broderick, James Spader, John Cusack, Mel Gibson, Robert Sean Leonard, Willem Dafoe, John Turturro, Matt Dillon, Rob Lowe, Johnny Depp, Tom Cruise, and Robin Williams (who has a brief cameo in the finished film).<ref name="Watkins">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Alter">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Patrick Swayze was one of the last actors to audition for Vida. Director Beeban Kidron said that it was ultimately Swayze's walk that sealed the deal, saying "Swayze had his own makeup people transform him into a woman, and he insisted that he and Beeban take a walk around the city to prove he could pass as a woman" and "With his beauty and dancer's grace, he did just that. He had the job."<ref name="Advocate"/>

The film featured dozens of New York City's drag performers and underground stars in small roles or as featured extras. Included in the mix were RuPaul, Joey Arias, Lady Bunny, Miss Understood, Candis Cayne, Flotilla DeBarge, Miss Coco Peru, Lady Catiria, and Quentin Crisp.<ref name="Today.com" /> The three lead actors spent time in the local drag scene while researching their roles and were each given a drag mentor to work with in developing their characters.<ref name="Today.com" /><ref name="Alter" /> Costume designer Marlene Stewart had the leads' wardrobes, including the shoes and corsets, custom-made.<ref name="AtWork">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Filming

Filming took place from July to October 1994.<ref name="AtWork" /> The drag contest seen in the beginning scene was filmed at Webster Hall in New York City.<ref name="Today.com" /> The John Shaffer Phipps Estate in Old Westbury, New York, now known as Old Westbury Gardens, was the site of the Miss Drag Queen USA contest at the end of the film.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Film locations in New Jersey included Jersey City (site of the Canton Restaurant in which the opening restaurant scenes were shot)<ref name="Jers041023">Template:Cite news</ref> and Montclair.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Much of the film was shot on location in Nebraska in the areas of Loma, Lincoln, and Omaha.<ref name="Watkins" /> Though greatly faded, a "Welcome to Snydersville" outdoor mural remains in Loma.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In interviews and recollections with actors and crew after the film, the production of To Wong Foo has been described as "a tough shoot", partly due to the discomfort the male leads experienced with their extensive makeup and costumes.<ref name="Watkins" /><ref name="Alter" /><ref name="Sharf">Template:Cite magazine</ref> On location filming and a 4½-month-long shoot also contributed to friction among cast and crew.<ref name="Daly">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name="Watkins" />Template:R

Kidron was pregnant when she accepted the directing job. As her due date drew nearer, Spielberg offered to step in and direct for her if needed.<ref name="Today.com" /><ref name="Premiere" /> Kidron ultimately completed principal photography and gave birth immediately after filming wrapped.<ref name="Today.com" /><ref name="Premiere" />

A scene involving the drag trio dining at a McDonald's was scrapped after the company told producers they did not want to be associated with drag queen culture.<ref name="Today.com" /><ref name="Daly" /> Coca-Cola agreed to product placement, and a billboard for the soda company is featured in a prominent scene in the film.<ref name="Today.com" />

The Australian film The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert was released in 1994 and became an international and critical success.<ref name="Today.com" /> To Wong Foo shares certain plot details with Priscilla, which also concerns two drag queens and a transgender woman on a road trip who manage to win over the locals of a small town. Despite the similarities, To Wong Foo had already been in production by the time Priscilla was released.<ref name="Advocate" /><ref name="Today.com" /> The crew of Priscilla had heard about the film while shooting their own, and though a producer was initially worried the films might be too similar, after reading To Wong FooTemplate:'s script, producers decided it was sufficiently different from Priscilla.<ref name="Clark">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The success of Priscilla, along with the popularity of drag queens like RuPaul and the 1990 documentary Paris Is Burning, is credited with helping pave the way for To Wong Foo.<ref name="Today.com" />

Soundtrack

Template:Anchor {{safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst-infobox||$params=italic_title,name,type,longtype,artist,cover,border,alt,caption,released,recorded,venue,studio,genre,length,language,label,director,producer,compiler,chronology,prev_title,prev_year,year,next_title,next_year,misc|$extra=italic_title,longtype,border,caption,language,director,compiler,chronology,year,misc|$aliases=italic title>italic_title,Italic title>italic_title,Name>name,Type>type,image>cover,Cover>cover,Border>border,Alt>alt,Caption>caption,Longtype>longtype,Artist>artist,Released>released,Recorded>recorded,Venue>venue,Studio>studio,Genre>genre,Length>length,Language>language,Label>label,Director>director,Producer>producer,Compiler>compiler,Chronology>chronology,Misc>misc|$flags=override|$B={{#ifeq:{{#invoke:Is infobox in lead|main|[Ii]nfobox [Aa]lbum}}|true|{{#if:Template:Has short description | |{{#if: August 29, 1995 | Template:Short description}}}}}}{{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template otherTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Main other{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox album with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|italic_title |type |name |image |cover |border |alt |caption |longtype |artist |released |recorded |venue |studio |genre |length |language |label |director |producer |compiler |prev_title|prev_year|next_title|next_year|chronology|year|misc}}{{#if:{{#invoke:String|match|error_category=Music infoboxes with Module:String errors|A|1=soundtrackTo Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything!Various ArtistsAugust 29, 1995Pop, dance music, R&B44:02RCA Recordsx|2=</?t[drh][ >]|nomatch=}}|Template:Main other}}Template:Main other}}

The film's soundtrack was released on August 29, 1995.<ref name="AllMusic">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It consists of eleven tracks:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=popdose>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Template:Track listing

Music and songs not included in the soundtrack:<ref name=dvd>Template:Cite AV media</ref><ref name="popdose"/>

Release

Box office

To Wong Foo was released wide in North American theaters on September 8, 1995.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It opened at the number-one position with $9 million<ref name="Domestic" /> and remained at the top in its second week with a gross of $6.5 million.<ref name="Domestic">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Advocate" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Its lifetime box-office gross revenue totaled Template:USD worldwide.<ref name="mojo"/>

Home media

The film was released on VHS after its theatrical release and on DVD on January 7, 2003, with several deleted scenes.<ref name=dvd/> It was released as a special collector's edition Blu-ray by Shout! Factory on May 28, 2019.<ref name="Kumar">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The edition includes the behind-the-scenes documentary Easy Rider in Dresses: A Look Back at the Making of To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar, which features interviews with screenwriter Douglas Carter Beane, director Beeban Kidron, and John Leguizamo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In Sweden, the film was titled High Heels and released in May 1996 on VHS.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Reception

Critical response

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 48% based on 46 reviews, with an average rating of 5.4/10. The site's consensus states: "To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar seeks to celebrate individuality, but is too timid and predictable to achieve its admittedly noble aims."<ref name="tomatoes">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 60 based on reviews from 24 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "B+" on scale of A to F.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Though critical reviews were mixed, the performances of the three leads were roundly praised. Joe Brown of The Washington Post called the film "fiercely funny" and wrote, "Three snaps up for Patrick Swayze, Wesley Snipes and John Leguizamo, who walk the walk, and work it."<ref name="Brown">Template:Cite news</ref> Emanuel Levy of Variety gave a mixed review but wrote, "Sporting blond wigs, Snipes admirably wiggles his hips while wearing high-heeled red shoes. Using a low register, Swayze also excels as a man still suffering from parental rejection. Shining throughout is the brilliant Leguizamo, as the Latino spitfire who needs to prove to his comrades that he's more than 'a mere boy in a dress.Template:' "<ref name="Levy">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

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Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote, "What is amazing is how the movie manages to be funny and amusing while tippy-toeing around (a) sex, (b) controversy and (c) any originality in the plot. Credit for that belongs to Swayze, Snipes and Leguizamo, who are surprisingly good at playing drag queens."<ref name="Ebert">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} Template:Rating</ref> While Ebert gave the film Template:Frac stars out of four, his colleague Gene Siskel gave a more positive review and predicted an Oscar nomination for Swayze.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Multiple critics pointed out the film's similarities to The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert and said To Wong Foo was subpar in comparison<ref name="Brown" /><ref name="Levy" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":7">Template:Cite news</ref> due to the predictability of its plot, script and tonal unevenness.<ref name="Levy" /><ref name="Maslin">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The decision to have the leads spend most of the film in drag, even going to bed in their wigs and makeup, was also criticized as straining credulity.<ref name="Brown" /> Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times wrote screenwriter Beane and director Kidron "don't seem to know any way to emphasize the humanity of their characters except by swaddling them in mushy cliches".<ref name=":7" /> Actor and writer Michael Kearns argued the film and its promotion is "eager to wink and snicker at homosexuality".<ref name="Kearns">Template:Cite news</ref> The film's omission of "any hint of gay sexuality" was noted by Janet Maslin of The New York Times,<ref name="Maslin" /> as well as Brown of the Post, who decried the fact that "always in the (admittedly few) mainstream movies with gay characters, [the film's] hero-ines" do not get to partake in the film's romantic story arcs, and appear to only function as asexual fairy godmothers for the townspeople of Snydersville.<ref name="Brown" /><ref name="Ebert" />

In a positive review, Edward Guthmann of the San Francisco Chronicle wrote, "It's a distant cry from the reality of gay bashings, poverty and evictions that real-life drag queens suffer—which may be part of its point. Imagine, Wong Foo suggests, a world where people stopped judging one another and simply surrendered to the silliness that's dormant inside us."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Austin ChronicleTemplate:'s Alison Macor shared a similar sentiment, writing that while the film's sentimentality may go too far for some, To Wong Foo "is such a delight that it's easy to overlook the few awkward moments", adding, "The film camps it up but still allows us to believe in the characters."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Emanuel Levy concluded though the film "is not as outrageous or funny as [Priscilla] ... it still offers some rewards as mainstream entertainment" and that "ultimately, the comedy comes across as a celebration of openness, alternative lifestyles and bonding, all life-affirming values that in the 1990s are beyond reproach—or real controversy".<ref name="Levy" />

Accolades

Swayze and Leguizamo were nominated at the 1996 Golden Globe Awards, for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and Best Supporting Actor, respectively.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The film was nominated for Outstanding Film at the 1996 GLAAD Media Awards.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Legacy

To Wong Foo is considered groundbreaking for being the first mainstream Hollywood production to depict drag queens.<ref name="Today.com" /><ref name="Watkins" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Rita Kempley of The Washington Post wrote that in comparison to previous films that featured cross-dressing like Some Like It Hot or Tootsie, "The heroines [in To Wong Foo] aren't cross-dressing to escape the mob or to prove a point, they're just being true to their nature."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In a 2019 retrospective piece about the film, writer Naveen Kumar noted "the film's language and understanding of gender variance is undoubtedly limited as a product of its time" and that the film "[blended] iterations of queer experience that tend to have clearer distinctions in the real world, and for which we have more nuanced language today".<ref name="Kumar" /> Among the film's language and concepts that are now considered problematic is the terminology used by the characters to describe the differences in queer identities.<ref name="Kumar" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Of the leads being in drag for the duration of the film, some critics said this was an intentional part of the film's camp element. Kumar added, "That To Wong FooTemplate:'s drag performances remain completely unbroken throughout the film's entirety heightens the movie's extreme emphasis on beauty and artifice" and that the film is very "conscious of its ironies [as] Swayze and Snipes were both box-office draws known for hypermasculine and romantic leading roles; the perceived incongruity of dressing them in drag is part of what fuels the comedy".<ref name="Kumar" /> In this way, Kumar wrote, "To Wong Foo plays on viewers' suspension of disbelief (Swayze and Snipes, in particular, are clearly recognizable under their women's garb)" and that the "movie's own characterizations tend to blur the lines between drag as a conscious performance and their desire to actually be seen, day and night, as women".<ref name="Kumar" />

Of the characters staying in drag, Douglas Carter Beane said his intent was to create an illusion, saying, "It is about fantasy and the illusion. It's about the work that goes into the art form. It was never meant to be an absolutely truthful documentary look at drag."<ref name="Today.com" /> Candis Cayne, who appears in the film, said its fantasy element can also be seen as problematic, "[perpetuating] an idea that transgender identity is nothing but make-believe".<ref name="Today.com" /> Drag queen Alaska Thunderfuck said that what the film does best is "the camaraderie between the girls... the way they look out for each other and protect one another. The movie also illustrates the transformative power of drag. It helps people become empowered, no matter where they come from or what kind of life they lead".<ref name="Today.com" />

Musical

In 2017, it was announced that Douglas Carter Beane and his husband Lewis Flinn were working on a musical adaptation for Broadway.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In an interview, Beane stated that he had originally written To Wong Foo for the stage and had retained stage rights when the screenplay was produced.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The musical premiered at the Hope Mill Theatre in Manchester on October 21, 2023.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See also

References

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Bibliography

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