Tom's Diner

Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox song "Tom's Diner" is a song by American singer-songwriter Suzanne Vega. Written in 1981 or 1982, it was first included as a track on the January 1984 issue of Fast Folk Musical Magazine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Originally featured on her second studio album, Solitude Standing (1987), it was released as a single in Europe only in 1987 following the success of her single "Luka". It was later used as the basis for a remix by the English electronic music producers DNA in 1990, which reached No. 1 in Austria, Germany, Greece, Luxembourg and Switzerland.

The song is also known for its use in testing various digital compression schemes during the development of the MP3, earning Vega the title of "Mother of the MP3".<ref name=MP3History/>

Original version

Background and writing

The real Tom's Restaurant in Manhattan, New York City

The "Tom's Diner" of the song is Tom's Restaurant in Manhattan, New York City,<ref name="Rustedpipe">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="toms-essay">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> a mid-20th-century diner on the northeast corner of Broadway and West 112th Street. Singer-songwriter Suzanne Vega was reputedly a frequent patron during the early 1980s when she was a student at nearby Barnard College.<ref name="Plassy">Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref> The diner later became famous as the location used for the exterior scenes of Monk's Café in the popular 1990s television sitcom Seinfeld.<ref name="Plassy"/>

The song begins with the narrator stopping at a diner for a cup of coffee. The song mentions reading a newspaper as well as seeing two women, one who enters the diner and one who stands outside in the rain. The ringing of bells at a nearby cathedral (St. John the Divine) causes the narrator to reminisce about an unnamed companion and a midnight picnic. At the end of the song, the narrator leaves the diner to catch the train after the coffee is finished.

Vega wrote the song based on a comment by her friend Brian Rose, a photographer, who mentioned that in his work, he sometimes felt as if "he saw his whole life through a pane of glass, and [...] like he was the witness to a lot of things, but was never really involved in them". She attempted to think and write in this fashion (including a male perspective<ref name="Rustedpipe"/>) while sitting at Tom's Restaurant.

"Tom's Diner Day": The date of the composition

An article on Suzanne Vega's official website<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> uses clues in the song to determine the exact date that Vega wrote it.

Vega said that she wrote the song in 1982; Brian Rose has said that it was written sometime between mid-1981 and mid-1982. The lyrics refer to a rainy morning, when she was at the diner on the corner, reading in her newspaper of "a story of an actor / who had died while he was drinking", and afterwards "turning to the horoscope / and looking for the funnies". Only two newspapers in New York City carried comic strips, or "funnies", in 1981 and 1982, and only one, the New York Post, featured a front-page story of the death of actor and one of the biggest box-office draws of the 1950s William Holden, whose body was discovered on Monday, November 16, 1981. In a 2008 essay for The New York Times, Vega confirmed that Holden was the actor whose death she had read about and inspired the line in the song.<ref name="toms-essay" />

Music and lyrics

Vega conceived "Tom's Diner" as a piece for voice and solo piano. Two versions feature on her album Solitude Standing; the album opens with an a cappella version, and closes with an instrumental version played on keyboards, with guitars lending support.

The "Mother of the MP3"

"Tom's Diner" was used by the German electrical engineer and mathematician Karlheinz Brandenburg as a reference in developing the MP3 audio compression scheme. He recalled: "I was ready to fine-tune my compression algorithm...somewhere down the corridor, a radio was playing 'Tom's Diner.' I was electrified. I knew it would be nearly impossible to compress this warm a cappella voice."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In a 2009 documentary about the history of the song by Swedish SVT, Brandenburg said: "I was finishing my PhD thesis, and then I was reading some hi-fi magazine and found that they had used this song to test loudspeakers. I said 'OK, let's test what this song does to my sound system, to MP3'. And the result was, at bit rates where everything else sounded quite nice, Suzanne Vega's voice sounded horrible."<ref>Sveriges Television, Hitlåtens historia: Tom's Diner – Suzanne Vega. Aired February 6, 2010. {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Brandenburg adopted the song for testing purposes, listening to it again and again each time he refined the scheme, making sure it did not adversely affect the subtlety of Vega's voice. While the MP3 compression format is not specifically tuned to play the song "Tom's Diner" (an assortment of critically analyzed material was involved in the design of the codec over many years), among audio engineers this anecdote has earned Vega the informal title "The Mother of the MP3".<ref name=MP3History>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Track listings

• 12-inch maxi

1. "Tom's Diner"
2. "Left of Center"
3. "Tom's Diner" Template:Small
4. "Luka" Template:Small

Charts

Template:Single chart

Weekly chart performance for "Tom's Diner"

Chart (1987)	Peak position
Ireland (IRMA)<ref name="Irishcharts.ie">Irish Singles Chart Irishcharts.ie (Retrieved April 10, 2008)</ref>	26

Template:Single chart

Chart (2009)	Peak position

Template:Single chart

Chart (2010)	Peak position

DNA remix

Background

In 1990, two English record producers under the name DNA remixed "Tom's Diner", grafting Vega's vocals onto a dance beat from British musical collective Soul II Soul ("Keep On Movin'") and turning her simple ad-libbed outro – "Do do do uh, do da-do uh" – into the song's driving hook. At the time, it was impossible to get a whole song into a sampler, so they spent evenings and weekends cutting Vega's vocals into little bits.<ref name="Simpson" /> Without permission from Vega, her record label, or publisher, the duo released the remix on a limited basis for distribution to clubs as "Oh Suzanne" by "DNA featuring Suzanne Vega". Vega's record company of the time, A&M, arranged to release the remix rather than take DNA to court for copyright infringement.

A&M struck the deal after consulting with Vega, who liked the interpretation.<ref name=Beadle>Template:Citation</ref> Vega told a British columnist, "(A&M) asked me what I thought of it and I told them it was really kind of nice. So I said, 'Go ahead and release it.' I wasn't expecting it to be successful—I never thought it would be that popular. It just seemed very charming."<ref name="patrickgoldstein"/> The remix became a much larger hit than Vega had with the song originally, peaking at number two on the UK singles chart and number five on the US Billboard Hot 100, and it became one of a handful of tracks to chart in the top 10 of both the Modern Rock Tracks (number seven) and Billboard Hot R&B Singles (number 10) charts. The remix also reached number one in Austria, Germany, Greece, Luxembourg and Switzerland.

Composition

The remix of the song is written in the key of [[F-sharp minor|FTemplate:Sharp minor]] in common time with a tempo of 99 beats per minute.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Vega's vocals span from FTemplate:Sharp₃ to E₄ in the song.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Critical reception

Larry Flick from Billboard magazine commented, "Don't miss the exceptional 'Tom's Diner', by DNA featuring Suzanne Vega." He noted that the English outfit had placed "a slammin' Soul II Soul-flavored swing instrumental" underneath Vega's song,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> and also described the track as "indelibly infectious."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Student newspaper Columbia Daily Spectator named it a "surprise hit".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Marisa Fox from Entertainment Weekly complimented its dance beat as "mesmerizing".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Patrick Goldstein from Los Angeles Times said, "Strange but true-almost." He added that the "waif-like pop songstress" has suddenly become the "queen of London's trendy club scene, thanks to her sinewy, Soul II Soul-style dance hit".<ref name="patrickgoldstein">Goldstein, Patrick (August 19, 1990). "Vega Takes a Spin On the Dance Floor". Los Angeles Times.</ref> Everett True from Melody Maker commented, "This is so f***ing smooth. You know the original, I'm sure: Suzanne's unaccompanied tale of everyday morning life in the big city in the wake of a break-up, incisively, poignantly observed. Magical. Now imagine it set to an unobtrusive, mellow backbeat which slips down even easier. F***ing superb! What is it about today? Single of the week. No shit."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

A reviewer of Music & Media found that "the lonely vocal part is perfectly complemented by the Steely Dan type horns and the grinding hip-hop beat. A fine version."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Music Week ranked the song number-one in their Top 10 list, "Pick of the Year – Dance".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Diane Tameecha from The Network Forty felt the connection of Vega's "sensuously soft voice and the unlikely rhythm (for her music, anyway) is startlingly vibrant, and its jazziness is an instant ear-catcher."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Mandi James from NME named it Single of the Week, writing, "A strange record, if only for the fact Suzanne Vega has previously failed to move me in any way, except to get up and leave the room. Dropped against a sensual, tactile beat those irritatingly vacant girly vocals are miraculously transformed into a hypnotic, bitter sweet ballad. The crushing folking bore has been given a new lease of life and should be eternally grateful to plastic surgeons DNA. The nearest thing to perfection I've heard all week."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Smash HitsTemplate:'s reviewer said remixes like this one "end up sounding far better than the originals and the result is rather refreshing."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Alec Foege from Spin remarked that "Tom's Diner" was an international hit "only after DNA did a dance remix".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Impact and legacy

In 2004, Q magazine featured the DNA remix of the song in their list of "The 1010 Songs You Must Own".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Music video

A music video was produced to promote the song, directed by Gareth Roberts.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It does not feature Vega.

Track listings

• CD maxi

1. "Tom's Diner" Template:Small – 3:47
2. "Tom's Diner" by Suzanne Vega – 2:39
3. "Tom's Diner" Template:Small by Suzanne Vega – 2:08
4. "Tom's Diner" Template:Small – 5:20

• 7-inch single

1. "Tom's Diner" – 3:47
2. "Tom's Diner" Template:Small by Suzanne Vega – 2:08

• 12-inch maxi

1. "Tom's Diner" Template:Small – 6:03 (this version, containing piano with a solo part, has not yet been released digitally or on CD)
2. "Tom's Diner" by Suzanne Vega
3. "Tom's Diner" Template:Small by Suzanne Vega

• Cassette single

1. "Tom's Diner" 7-inch version by Suzanne Vega (side 1)
2. "Tom's Diner" 12-inch version by Suzanne Vega (side 2)

Charts

Weekly charts

Template:Single chartTemplate:Single chartTemplate:Single chartTemplate:Single chartTemplate:Single chartTemplate:Single chartTemplate:Single chartTemplate:Single chartTemplate:Single chartTemplate:Single chartTemplate:Single chartTemplate:Single chartTemplate:Single chartTemplate:Single chartTemplate:Single chartTemplate:Single chartTemplate:Single chart

Weekly chart performance for the DNA remix of "Tom's Diner"

Chart (1990–1991)	Peak position
Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	2
European Airplay (Music & Media)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	1
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>	14
Greece (IFPI)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	1
Ireland (IRMA)<ref name="Irishcharts.ie"/>	2
Italy (Musica e dischi)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }} Set "Tipo" on "Singoli". Then, in the "Artista" field, search "DNA".</ref>	9
Luxembourg (Radio Luxembourg)<ref>Radio Luxembourg Singles. August 5, 1990.</ref>	1
Portugal (AFP)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	7
Spain (AFYVE)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>	9
UK Dance (Music Week)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	1

Year-end charts

1990 year-end chart performance for the DNA remix of "Tom's Diner"

Chart (1990)	Position
Australia (ARIA)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>	89
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	17
Belgium (Ultratop)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	45
Canada Dance/Urban (RPM)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	15
Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	16
Germany (Media Control)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	6
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)<ref name="Dutch">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	32
Netherlands (Single Top 100)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	39
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	23
UK Singles (OCC)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	32
UK Club Chart (Record Mirror)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	19

1991 year-end chart performance for the DNA remix of "Tom's Diner"

Chart (1991)	Position
U.S. Billboard Hot 100<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	53
U.S. 12-inch Singles Sales (Billboard)<ref name="usdye">Template:Cite magazine</ref>	45

Release history

Release dates and formats for the DNA remix of "Tom's Diner"

Region	Date	Format(s)	Label(s)	Template:Abbr
United Kingdom	July 16, 1990	Template:N/a	A&M	<ref name="bpi"/>
Australia	September 24, 1990	Template:Hlist		<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Japan	October 21, 1990	Mini CD		citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Giorgio Moroder version

Template:Infobox song For the release of his fourteenth studio album Déjà Vu on June 12, 2015, Italian composer and record producer Giorgio Moroder included a cover version of the song, featuring American pop singer Britney Spears on his album as the eighth track.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> It was later released as the album's fourth and final single on October 9, 2015, with two new remixes included, marking the second release from Spears in 2015, following "Pretty Girls" with Australian rapper Iggy Azalea, and additionally her first featured appearance since "S&M (Remix)" in 2011.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Despite being a non-single track at that time, it became Moroder's best-selling digital song to date, debuting and peaking at number 38 on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Songs chart, and number fourteen on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Digital Songs chart, during the week of July 4, 2015.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Track listing

1. "Tom's Diner" – 3:32
2. "Tom's Diner" (Leu Leu Land Remix) – 2:58
3. "Tom's Diner" (Hibell Remix) – 3:17

Charts

Template:Single chartTemplate:Single chart

Weekly chart performance of "Tom's Diner" by Giorgio Moroder featuring Britney Spears

Chart (2015–2018)	Peak position
scope="row" Template:Single chart
Lebanon (Lebanese Top 20)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	11
Ukraine Airplay (Tophit)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	26
US Dance/Electronic Streaming Songs (Billboard)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	14

Year-end chart performance of "Tom's Diner" by Giorgio Moroder featuring Britney Spears

Chart (2018)	Position
Ukraine Airplay (Tophit)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	149

Release history

Release dates for "Tom's Diner" by Giorgio Moroder featuring Britney Spears

Region	Date	Format	Label	Ref.
Various	Template:Start date	Digital download	Template:Hlist	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>{{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
Italy	Template:Start date	Contemporary hit radio	Template:Hlist	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>{{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
Russia	Template:Start date		Sony	{{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}

AnnenMayKantereit and Giant Rooks version

Template:Infobox song The German rock bands AnnenMayKantereit and Giant Rooks covered the song in 2019. The cover went viral on TikTok in March 2022, reaching more than 120 million views on TikTok and 330 million streams on Spotify as of November 2024.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Charts

Weekly charts

Template:Single chartTemplate:Single chartTemplate:Single chartTemplate:Single chartTemplate:Single chartTemplate:Single chartTemplate:Single chartTemplate:Single chartTemplate:Single chart

Weekly charts for "Tom's Diner" by AnnenMayKantereit and Giant Rooks

Chart (2022)	Peak position
Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	18
Lithuania (AGATA)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	18
Netherlands (Single Tip)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	19
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	16
Sweden Heatseeker (Sverigetopplistan)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	7

Year-end charts

Year-end chart performance for "Tom's Diner" by AnnenMayKantereit and Giant Rooks

Chart (2022)	Position
US Hot Rock & Alternative Songs (Billboard)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	27

Remakes and samples

Remakes

The song spawned a number of hip-hop, dance, and rock remixes and remakes from artists such as Peter Behrens (drummer from Trio) and Bingo Hand Job, a whimsical one-time collaboration between Billy Bragg and R.E.M. It was also sampled in songs by Public Enemy, Nikki D, Tupac Shakur, Twin Hype, Yo Gotti and Lil' Kim, among other hip-hop acts.

In 1991, Vega, noting the huge number of remakes of the song, released Tom's Album, a compilation of different versions of the song, spanning a variety of musical genres, including a parody by Richard Cheese<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> that worked in references to fantasy sitcom television series I Dream of Jeannie called "Jeannie's Diner", which Nick at Nite would use to promote its airings of the show. The album also featured another DNA remix of one of Vega's songs, "Rusted Pipe", originally on her third studio album Days of Open Hand (1990). On the album's sleeve, Vega wrote: "A small song about eating breakfast became a song about accidental pregnancy (Daddy's Little Girl – Nikki D.) and the recent war in the Gulf (Waiting at the Border). One version incorporates forgotten bits of pop culture (Jeannie's Diner). All of them surprised me; a couple made me wince. I include them anyway."<ref name="Tom's Album">Template:Citation</ref>

In 2015, sound artist and composer Ryan Maguire<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> released the track "moDernisT"<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> (an anagram of "Tom's Diner") as a part of his project "The Ghost in the MP3".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> "moDernisT" is composed exclusively of the sounds deleted during MP3 compression from the song "Tom's Diner", known as the mother of the MP3.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A detailed account of the techniques used to isolate the sounds deleted during MP3 compression, along with the conceptual motivation for the project, was published in the 2014 Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2020, English producer Robbie Doherty remixed the song with artist Keees, titling it "Pour the Milk", launching it to No. 44 on the UK singles chart.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

As of 2023, there are over 50 versions of "Tom's Diner".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Samples and interpolations

In 2014, American rock band Fall Out Boy used an interpolation of "Tom's Diner" in their song "Centuries".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2024, American rapper Cupcakke interpolated the song in her track "Dora" on her fifth studio album Dauntless Manifesto.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> In the same year, Puerto Rican singer Myke Towers and American producer Benny Blanco used the song as a melodic base in their song "Degenere".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2025, K-pop girl group Ive interpolated the song in their title track "Attitude".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

External links

• Template:Discogs master