Toxorhynchites

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Toxorhynchites, also called elephant mosquitoes or mosquito eaters, is a genus of diurnal and often relatively colorful mosquitoes, found worldwide between about 35° north and 35° south. Most species occur in forests. It includes the largest known species of mosquito, at up to Template:Convert in length and Template:Convert in wingspan.<ref name=Cook2009>Template:Cite book</ref> It is among the few kinds of mosquito that do not consume blood. The adults subsist on carbohydrate-rich materials, such as honeydew, or saps and juices from damaged plants, refuse, fruit, and nectar.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Mating in mid-air, males and females synchronize their wing beats to the same frequency.<ref name="SecretLives">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Eggs are deposited by flinging them onto water surfaces while hovering.<ref name="SecretLives"/> They are either white or yellow in color, with an incubation period of 40–60 hours depending on the temperature. The older the female mosquito, the less likely the eggs will be healthy.<ref name="Collins & Blackwell 2000">Template:Cite journal</ref>

In contrast to blood-sucking species of mosquitoes, their larvae prey on the larvae of other mosquitoes and similar nektonic prey, making Toxorhynchites beneficial to humans.<ref name=Cook2009/> Living on this protein and fat rich diet, females have no need to risk their lives sucking blood in adulthood, having already accumulated the necessary materials for oogenesis and vitellogenesis. The larvae of one jungle variety, Toxorhynchites splendens, consume larvae of other mosquito species occurring in tree crevices, particularly Aedes aegypti.

Environmental scientists have suggested that Toxorhynchites mosquitoes be introduced to areas outside their natural range in order to fight dengue fever. This has been practiced historically, but errors have been made. For example, when intending to introduce T. splendens to new areas, scientists actually introduced T. amboinensis.<ref name="Collins & Blackwell 2000"/>

An extinct species T. mexicanus is known from Miocene age Mexican amber.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

File:Toxorhynchites rutilus goldenrod.jpg
Male T. rutilus on goldenrod

Species

The genus Toxorhynchites is divided into 4 subgenera and contains 90 species also including 1 extinct species:<ref>Toxorhynchites at the Integrated Taxonomic Information System.</ref>

Subgenus (Toxorhynchites)

File:Toxorhynchites brevipalpis.jpg
T. brevipalpis
File:Toxorhynchites towadensis towadaooka02.jpg
T. towadensis

Subgenus (Afrorhynchus)

File:Toxorhynchites haemorrhoidalis.jpg
T. haemorrhoidalis

Subgenus (Ankylorhynchus)

Subgenus (Lynchiella)

File:Toxorhynchites theobaldi.jpg
T. theobaldi

References

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