Trbovlje
Template:Infobox settlement Trbovlje (Template:IPA;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Langx<ref name="Leksikon">Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 4: Štajersko. 1904. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 58.</ref>) is Slovenia's eleventh-largest town, located in the traditional province of Styria and acting as the seat of the Municipality of Trbovlje. A historically renowned mining town, Trbovlje is located in the valley of a minor left tributary of the Sava River in the Central Sava Valley in central-eastern Slovenia.
Name
Trbovlje was attested in written sources in 1220–30 as Trefeul (and as Trevůl and Trevol in 1265–67, Triuella in 1302, Trifeul in 1325, Triueal in 1330, and Triuel in 1424). The name is a feminine plural noun in standard Slovene, but in the local dialect it is declined as a neuter singular adjective. This indicates that the name is derived from *Trěbovľe selo (literally, 'Trěbo's village'), referring to an early inhabitant of the place.<ref>Snoj, Marko. 2009. Etimološki slovar slovenskih zemljepisnih imen. Ljubljana: Modrijan and Založba ZRC, pp. 434–435.</ref> In the past the German name was Trifail.<ref name="Leksikon"/>
History
Coal mining began at Beech Mountain (Template:Langx, Template:Convert) south of the town in 1804.<ref name="Gorjanc">Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> The town was connected to the Austrian Southern Railway in 1849, which contributed to its further development. During the 19th century, a cement plant, mechanical separator, sawmill, and power plant were built in Trbovlje.<ref name="Gorjanc"/><ref>Trbovlje. 1998. Veliki splošni leksikon, vol. 8, p. 4448. Ljubljana: DZS.</ref>
Poor social conditions in Trbovlje led to several strikes by mine workers, and the town became a center of the leftist movement and communist agitation.<ref name="Gorjanc"/> On June 1, 1924, there was a clash between workers and members of the Organization of Yugoslav Nationalists that resulted in several fatalities on both sides.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> In 1934, miners staged a sitdown strike at the mine.<ref name="Gorjanc"/>
Second World War
During the Second World War, Trbovlje, along with the rest of Lower Styria, was annexed to the Third Reich.<ref>Magocsi, Paul Robert. 1993. Historical Atlas of East Central Europe. Seattle: University of Washington Press, p. 153.</ref> The coal mine and other industries of Trbovlje were especially important to the German authorities, and they initially lowered unemployment in the town and increased wages, increasing satisfaction with the new regime.<ref name="Troha">Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> However, the arrest and exile of Slovenes in August 1941 created disaffection. This and other repressive measures resulted in an estimated 90% of the population opposing the Germans by the summer of 1944.<ref name="Troha"/>
Mass grave
The Abandoned Cemetery Mass Grave (Template:Langx) site, associated with World War II, is located in the former cemetery in the northern part of the town, between the fence and Trboveljščica Creek. It is also known as the Town Park Mass Grave (Template:Lang), and it contains the remains of about 30 German soldiers.<ref>Ferenc, Mitja, & Ksenija Kovačec-Naglič. 2005. Prikrito in očem zakrito: prikrita grobišča 60 let po koncu druge svetovne vojne. Celje: Muzej novejše zgodovine Celje, p. 124.</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Clear left
Culture
The Trbovlje Museum (Template:Langx) has a large section dedicated to the history of mining.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The Slovenian industrial band Laibach also originated in Trbovlje.<ref>Laibach industrial band website</ref>
The Trbovlje Student Club organization (Template:Langx) holds various events.
Economy
Trbovlje is known for its long coal mining history. Trbovlje is also known for Trbovlje Power Station, which is the location of European Union's tallest chimney at 360 meters. In the past there were companies like respected Strojna Tovarna Trbovlje - STT, well known Iskra, Mehanika, Cementarna Trbovlje, et cetera that have employed many high skilled people and contributed to the economy. Due to their size this was not felt only locally but nationally.
Parishes and churches
Two Roman Catholic parishes have their seat in Trbovlje: the Parish of Trbovlje–St. Martin and the Parish of Trbovlje–St. Mary. Both belong to the Diocese of Celje.<ref>Parish of Trbovlje–St. Martin Template:In lang</ref><ref>Parish of Trbovlje–St. Mary Template:In lang</ref>
The Parish Church of St Martin was originally a Romanesque church, of which part of the nave survives. The sanctuary is Gothic and in the 18th century a Baroque belfry and chapel were added. In the 19th century the nave was extended.<ref>Slovenian Ministry of Culture register of national heritage reference number ešd 3455</ref> A second church of the Parish of Trbovlje–St. Martin in the western end of town is dedicated to Saint Nicholas and was built in the 18th century.<ref>Slovenian Ministry of Culture register of national heritage reference number ešd 3458</ref>
The Parish of Trbovlje–St Mary in the southern part of the town was established in 2000. Its parish church is dedicated to the Virgin Mary, Mother of the Church. It was built from 1998 to 2000 according to plans by the architect Jože Marinko. Stained glasses, paintings, and the Stations of the Cross were created by the academy-trained painter Lojze Čemažar. The church was blessed in August 2000 and consecrated in October 2007.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
A significant portion of Trbovlje's populace today describe themselves as atheists, in third place behind Catholic and "no response."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Twin places
- Template:Flagicon Sallaumines, northern France since 1964. There is a street in Sallaumines named Trbovlje, and a street in Trbovlje named Sallaumines. There are also regular short-term exchanges of schoolchildren.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
References
External links
- Template:Commons category-inline
- Trbovlje on Geopedia
- Trbovlje on Google Maps (map, photographs, street view)