Valga, Estonia

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox settlement

Valga (Template:Langx) is a town in southern Estonia and the capital of Valga County and Valga Parish. Until their separation in 1920, Valga and the town of Valka in northern Latvia were one town. They are now twin-towns. The area of Valga is Template:Convert and that of Valka is Template:Convert. Their populations are respectively 12,261 and 6,164. On 21 December 2007 all border-crossing points were removed and roads and fences opened between the two countries with both countries joining the Schengen Agreement.

Location and transport

The distance to Tartu is Template:Convert, Pärnu Template:Convert, Tallinn Template:Convert, Riga Template:Convert and Pskov Template:Convert.

Valga is situated at the junction of roads and railways.

The Valga-Võru-Koidula railway runs to the town. Trains stopped running in 2001.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Freight trains on the Valga-Võru-Koidula line have been cut back significantly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The Tartu-Valga railway line also serves this station. After closing April 2008 for extensive repair work Edelaraudtee railway services from other parts of Estonia to Valga re-opened in January 2010.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

With the expansion of the Schengen Agreement and the abolition of systematic border controls between Estonia and Latvia, it was announced that common public bus transport would be launched between Valga and Valka.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref>

As of 2025, city bus number 3, operated by the Estonian company ATG Bussiliinid OÜ, connects the twin cities of Valga and Valka three times a day, departing from the Valga train station.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

During the Cold War, Valga was home to Valga air base.

Districts of Valga

There are six districts of Valga:

  • Kesklinn
  • Laatsi
  • Pilpaküla
  • Puraküla
  • Kapsamõisa (Raudteetaguse)
  • Tambre.<ref name="eki.ee_neighborhoods">Template:Cite web</ref>

Activity

File:Street in Valga.png
One of the main streets

Since 1944, a local newspaper, Valgamaalane, has been published (3 times a week). Since 2003, there has also been a local newspaper "Walk" (in the Russian language). There also is a local correspondence office of Estonian Television (Eesti Televisioon) and a local radio – "Raadio Ruut".

The former urban municipality of Valga (until 2017) maintained partnerships with many towns, mostly in foreign countries, which are listed in a special subsection below.

Valga is developing quickly. Since 1996, the populace's quality of life has improved due to the renovation of several buildings, including the Central Library, Valga Stadium, the Museum, Valga Hospital, and the Culture and Hobby Centre. Step by step, the schools and kindergartens are also being modernized. Since 2003, a new water treatment plant has improved the quality of water in the town.

In the private sector, there have been extensive investments in trade, light industry, and forestry.

Demographics

Ethnic composition 1922-2021
Ethnicity 1922<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> 1934<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> 1941<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> 1970<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> 1979<ref name=":02">Template:Cite book</ref> 1989<ref name=":02" /> 2000<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 2011<ref name="RL0429">Template:Cite web</ref> 2021<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount %
Estonians 6997 74.0 8919 82.3 7941 88.9 9635 57.4 10052 54.4 9383 52.9 8970 62.6 7886 64.3 7110 59.2
Russians 443 4.69 368 3.39 209 2.34 5241 31.2 6164 33.4 6140 34.6 3913 27.3 3224 26.3 3160 26.3
Ukrainians - - 6 0.06 - - 554 3.30 766 4.15 720 4.06 421 2.94 386 3.15 363 3.02
Belarusians - - - - - - 170 1.01 322 1.74 307 1.73 211 1.47 156 1.27 159 1.32
Finns - - 1 0.01 7 0.08 121 0.72 136 0.74 126 0.71 99 0.69 55 0.45 40 0.33
Jews 393 4.16 262 2.42 0 0.00 73 0.43 31 0.17 24 0.14 13 0.09 7 0.06 3 0.02
Latvians - - 1037 9.56 606 6.79 382 2.27 448 2.43 456 2.57 334 2.33 262 2.14 679 5.65
Germans 182 1.92 143 1.32 - - - - 273 1.48 241 1.36 36 0.25 27 0.22 34 0.28
Tatars - - 0 0.00 - - - - 28 0.15 27 0.15 18 0.13 13 0.11 10 0.08
Poles - - 35 0.32 20 0.22 - - 68 0.37 68 0.38 35 0.24 24 0.20 15 0.12
Lithuanians - - 6 0.06 4 0.04 34 0.20 24 0.13 41 0.23 32 0.22 29 0.24 23 0.19
unknown 13 0.14 18 0.17 4 0.04 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 46 0.32 30 0.24 102 0.85
other 1427 15.1 47 0.43 139 1.56 585 3.48 162 0.88 189 1.07 195 1.36 162 1.32 312 2.60
Total 9455 100 10842 100 8930 100 16795 100 18474 100 17722 100 14323 100 12261 100 12010 100
Year 1881 1897 1922 1934 1959 1970 1979 1989 2000 2011 2017 2021
Population 4,200 10,900 9,500 10,800 13,300 17,000 18,500 17,700 14,323 12,261 12,452 12,010
Population of Valga by first language
Language 2000 census<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 2011 census<ref name="pub.stat.ee">Template:Cite web</ref> 2021 census<ref name="andmed.stat.ee">Template:Cite web</ref>
Number % Number % Number %
Estonian 8,772 61.24 7,573 61.77 6,818 56.76
Russian 4,744 33.12 4,113 33.55 4,095 34.09
Latvian 259 1.81 191 1.56 531 4.42
Ukrainian 192 1.34 159 1.30 134 1.12
Belarusian 75 0.52 23 0.19 24 0.20
Total 14,323 12,261 12,010

Sports

Valga is home to several notable Estonian sports teams.

Warrior Valga is a football club that currently plays in the III liiga. Warrior Valga played in the Meistriliiga from 2003 to 2006.

Valga is a basketball club that currently plays in the Estonian top-tier Korvpalli Meistriliiga and the Baltic Basketball League.

Climate

Valga lies within the temperate humid continental climate zone.

Template:Weather box

History

  • 1286: Valga (under German name Walk) appears for the first time in the credit register of the city of Riga.
  • 1298, 1329, 1345: Walk suffers from looting raids made by Lithuanians who are led by Grand Duke Gediminas and Algirdas on the second and third occasions.
  • 1419: Walk becomes the seat of the Landtag of the Livonian Confederation.
  • 1481: A raid by Russians; the settlement burns down for the fourth time.
  • 1500: Walk, a settlement in the heart of Old Livonia that is not fortified, is chosen as the location for town assembly days 36 times up to 1500.
  • 1501: During another raid by Russians the settlement gets burnt down for the fifth time.
  • 1558: During the Livonian War the medieval settlement of Walk is completely destroyed.
  • 1584 11 June: Valga is granted the same charter and byelaws as Riga by Stefan Batory, the King of Poland.
  • 1590 17 April: The King of Poland, Sigismund III Vasa, ratifies the charter for the second time. Valga is granted its city arms.
  • 1600: The first town map, showing 42 house properties. The town is Template:Convert long and between Template:Convert wide.
  • 1626: After the Polish-Swedish War Valga becomes the subject of Sweden. On 6 March, King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden confirms the existing privileges.
  • 1657: On 9 July, a Swedish army under Friedrich von Löwen defeats a Russian army under Scheremetchev in the Battle of Walk.
  • 1721: As the result of the Great Northern War, Valga is subjected to Russian rule together with the rest of Estonia.
  • 1764 5 October: Empress Catherine II confirms the town's privileges.
  • 1783: During the Regency of Catherine II the Valga County (Kreis Walk) is formed.
  • 1780: The first stone buildings are erected: a church, a school and county offices.
  • 1789: Land surveyor O.S. Engell drafts the map of Valga showing 76 plots with houses.
  • 1816: The building of St. John's Church is finished.
  • 1819: 451 inhabitants lived in the town (79.6% of them Germans, 10.0% Latvians, 7.5% Russians and 2.9% Estonians)<ref>T.Rosenberg. Künnivaod. ("Plow furrows"). Research on Estonian agrarian history of the 18th-20th centuries. The town of Valga in the first quarter of the 19th century. Tartu University Press. Learned Estonian Society, Tartu, 2013 (in Estonian), p. 239.</ref>
  • 1876: Walkscher Anzeiger, the first newspaper in Valga, in German, is issued.
  • 1889: Valga Railway Station is opened. On 22 July the Tartu-Valga railway line is officially opened.
  • 1890 16 December: The Valga Temperance Society is founded.
  • 1896: The Pärnu-Valga narrow-gauge railway is opened.
  • 1901 7 December: Together with Latvians, Estonians succeed in winning the elections over Baltic Germans in Valga – the first occasion on Estonian territory. The chemist Johannes Märtson is elected mayor.
  • 1902: In the building of the Temperance Society the social society Säde is founded; Andres Alver, the county medical officer, is elected chairman. The Valga-Marienburg narrow-gauge railway is opened.
  • 1908 24 June: Estonian military commander Alfons Rebane is born in Valga.
  • 1908: The Girls' Progymnasium is changed into the Gymnasium with Marta Pärna as principal.
  • 1909: The construction of the Säde building is begun (architect Georg Hellat).
  • 1913: 16194 inhabitants lived in the town (51% of them Estonians, 25.1% Latvians, 15.5% Russians, 4.0% Germans, 2.1% Jewish).
  • 1917: A German zeppelin flies over the town and drops forty high-explosive bombs without hitting the main target, the railway station.
  • 1918 11 January: The Council of Delegates of Valga County Workers, Soldiers and Landless Men gains power in the town. On 12 February the German Army occupies Valga.
  • 1919 11 January: The Valga Estonian Gymnasium is opened at 22 Kesk Street. For the first time in the history of secondary education in Valga the teaching language is Estonian instead of German. At the end of January, 107 victims of Bolshevik acts of terror are found in five mass graves around Valga; 67 people are taken away as hostages. On 31 January the Battle of Paju takes place and consequently Valga is freed from the Bolsheviks.
File:Grens Valga.jpg
Border crossing between Valga, Estonia and Valka, Latvia in the 1920s
  • 1920 1 July: The British envoy Colonel S. G. Tallents conclusively establishes the border between Estonia and Latvia, putting an end to their disputes and the city of Valga is divided into Estonian and Latvian areas based on ethnicity. Valga proper, as far as Konnaoja and Luke graveyard, remains intact under Estonian rule.
  • 1921 11 February: The decree of the Estonian government establishes the territory of Valga county. Valga becomes a county centre.
  • 1940 17 June: The Soviet occupation begins and with it the political repressions against Estonians and Latvians in Valga/Valka, including the mass deportations in June 1941.
  • 1941 9 July: Valga is occupied by German troops.
  • 1944
  • 1988. The Valga Society for the Protection of Antiquities is founded. On 27 November, on the initiative of the Society, the beginning of the War of Liberation is commemorated at the memorial for those killed in the war.
  • 1989 24 February: The first Estonian flag of the re-established independence period is hoisted on the flagpole of 12 Aia Street.
  • 1992 24 May: The Russian army base in Valga is taken over, and later on becomes the border guard's post.
  • 1993 17 October: The first free elections of the municipal council after the restoration of independence take place.
  • 1994 31 January: On the 75th anniversary of the battle of Paju a memorial to it is opened. On 21–25 June, worldwide days of Valga county people take place.

International relations

Template:See also

Twin towns – Sister cities

The former municipality of Valga (until 2017), Estonia was twinned with:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

City Twins Association

The former municipality of Valga (until 2017) was a founding member of City Twins Association that was founded in Imatra, Finland on 13 December 2006. In addition to sister towns, Valga had a cooperation through the association with following cities:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Cooperation without any formal agreement

Notable residents

References

Notes

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  • Valga/Valka Illustrations and detailed descriptions of the border, in the period before Schengen

Template:Adjacent stations

Template:Cities of Estonia Template:Valga Parish Template:Authority control

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