Vero - Wikipedia:User groups

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Template:Short description Template:Redirect-multi Template:Pp-semi-indefTemplate:Pp-move-indef Template:Wikipedia information page Template:Sidebox Template:Wikimedia user access levels

User groups are groups that an editor can apply for in order to receive advanced tools to help them with editing the encyclopedia. There are also some default user groups for logged-out editors and logged-in editors. Additionally, after making some edits, logged-in editors will be automatically assigned to certain user groups.

On the technical side, user groups are a collection of user rights which are assigned to various editors. Examples of user groups include extended confirmed, rollbacker, and administrator. User rights are actions an editor can perform, such as block, protect, edit, and rollback. User rights are assigned to user groups, and user groups are assigned to editors. A user group can have multiple user rights, and an editor can be in multiple user groups. A specific editor's user groups can be checked at Special:UserRights. The complete list of English Wikipedia user groups and their user rights is at Special:ListGroupRights and is also summarized on this page. The complete list of global user groups (user groups that assign user rights on all 1,000 Wikimedia wikis) is at meta:Special:GlobalGroupPermissions.

Unregistered users

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Users who are not logged in are identified by a temporary account identifier (or previously by their IP address) rather than a username, whether or not they have already registered an account. They may read all Wikipedia pages (except restricted special pages), and edit pages that are not protected (including pending changes protected/move-protected articles). They may create talk pages in any talk namespace, but need to ask for help to create pages in some parts of the wiki. Furthermore, they cannot upload files or images. They must answer a CAPTCHA if they wish to make an edit which involves the addition of external links, and click a confirmation link to purge pages. All users may also query the site API in 500-record batches.

Edit screens of unregistered users are headed by a banner displaying the Autocreate-edit-warning system message.

Registered user accounts

Each of Wikipedia's account permissions - whether systematically granted (automatically applied), or approved and granted by an administrator or bureaucrat - are listed and described in-depth. This information is at Special:ListGroupRights.

User groups that are usually conferred automatically

New accounts

{{#invoke:Shortcut|main}} Template:See also Template:Quote box All logged-in users may mark edits as minor. They may purge pages without a confirmation step, but are still required to answer a CAPTCHA when adding external links. They may customize their Wikimedia interface and its options as they wish—either via Special:Preferences, or by adding personal CSS or JavaScript rules to their common.css or common.js files. They may create and maintain a watchlist.

Registered users may immediately email other users if they activate an email address in their user preferences.

Confirmed and autoconfirmed accounts

{{#invoke:Shortcut|main}} Template:Quote box Several actions on the English Wikipedia (such as article creation) are restricted to user accounts that are at least 4 days old and have made at least 10 edits. Users who meet these requirements are automatically considered part of the Template:Mono user group by the MediaWiki software. The "confirmation" of accounts is typically performed automatically by the MediaWiki software, but an administrator or an event coordinator can manually confirm an account by adding it to the Template:Mono user group.<ref>In accordance with this RfC, event coordinators may only grant the Template:Mono flag to editors who actually participate in an outreach event.</ref>

The required threshold for the Template:Mono user group are checked every time a user attempts to perform a restricted action; if they are met, permission is granted automatically by the MediaWiki software. Although the precise requirements for being considered Template:Mono vary according to circumstances, most English Wikipedia user accounts that are at least 4 days old and have made at least 10 edits (including deleted edits) are considered autoconfirmed.

Once an account has reached the required Template:Mono threshold, they will have the exact same user rights as accounts that were manually added to the Template:Mono user group; it is redundant to grant the Template:Mono right to an account that has already reached the required Template:Mono threshold, since it provides the exact same abilities. To request an account to be manually added to the confirmed user group, see Wikipedia:Requests for permissions/Confirmed. See Special:ListUsers/confirmed for a list of the 0 confirmed users.

Confirmed and autoconfirmed users can perform the following actions:

Other benefits include:

  • No longer being required to enter a CAPTCHA for most edits.<ref>This includes, but is not limited to, edits that add external links.</ref>
  • No longer being affected by a number of warning settings or restrictions set by edit filter.

Template:As of, there were approximately 2.49 million accounts on the English Wikipedia that meet the required Template:Mono threshold, of which the vast majority were inactive. See Special:ActiveUsers for a list of recently active users.

Extended confirmed accounts

{{#invoke:Shortcut|main}} Template:Redirect Template:Quote box A registered editor becomes Template:Mono automatically one edit after the account has existed for at least 30 days and has made at least 500 edits.<ref>The edit total includes both live and deleted edits</ref><ref>Must have at least one edit after the creation of the Template:Mono user access level on 5 April 2016 (following this discussion).</ref> This user access right allows editors to edit and create pages that are under extended confirmed protection. The English Wikipedia also enables editors to use the Content Translation tool to create articles and the INDEX template on user pages. This access is included and bundled in the Template:Mono and Template:Mono (administrator) user groups. This group was primarily created to deal with specific arbitration remedies and community issues; the Arbitration Committee has since left community-use decisions up to the community.<ref>28 May 2017 clarification request</ref>

Membership in the Template:Mono group is typically revoked if a user is in another group with which it is redundant (for example, administrators), and in rare cases may be revoked for other reasons, such as if a user games the system by making many trivial edits. If extended confirmed is revoked, it may be re-granted at Wikipedia:Requests for permissions/Extended confirmed. That page may also be used to request early grants of the group, but requests are rarely accepted except for legitimate alternate accounts of users who are extended confirmed on other accounts.

See Special:ListUsers/extendedconfirmed for a list of the 0 extended confirmed users. For recently active extended confirmed users, see Special:ActiveUsers/extendedconfirmed. They can vote for admins.

Administrators and bureaucrats

The administrator and bureaucrat user groups are not requested through Wikipedia:Requests for permissions. They are requested through a different process. See the sections below for more information.

Administrators

{{#invoke:Shortcut|main}} Template:Seealso Template:If administrator Administrators, often referred to as "admins" or "sysops" (system operators), are editors who have been granted this user group by the community either following a successful request for adminship (RfA) or via the Administrator elections process. The RfA process involves in-depth and considerable discussion and examination of the candidate's activity and contributions as an editor. Candidates are granted the rights by community consensus. Administrator elections use SecurePoll and require 70% support in order to pass; voters are required to be extended-confirmed.

Administrators have exclusive access to a number of tools to allow them to carry out certain functions on the wiki. The tools cover processes such as page deletion, page protection, blocking and unblocking users, and the ability to edit fully protected pages. Administrators also have the ability to grant and remove most access rights to and from other users (account creator, autopatrolled, confirmed, file mover, edit filter helper, edit filter manager, event coordinator, extended confirmed, IP block exempt, mass message sender, new page reviewer, page mover, pending changes reviewer, rollbacker, template editor, and AutoWikiBrowser) and to their own alternate accounts. By convention, administrators also normally take responsibility for judging the outcome of certain discussions requiring these technical controls (such as deletions).

Administrators are not granted more editorial control over article content than other editors. They are required to follow all policies and guidelines and are held to the same level of accountability as non-administrators. Administrators are not employees of the Wikimedia Foundation and should not be confused with Wikimedia system administrators ("sysadmins").

See Special:ListUsers/sysop for a full list of the 1 English Wikipedia administrators.

Bureaucrats

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Bureaucrats are exceptionally trusted editors who have the capability to perform certain actions on other users' accounts. These capabilities are granted by the community following a successful request for bureaucratship (RfB).

Bureaucrats have expanded access to Special:UserRights, enabling them to add users to the Template:Mono group (but not remove them),<ref>MediaWiki default settings are that the 'bureaucrats' group has the Template:Mono flag (giving access to Special:UserRights) and can add or remove any flags. However this can be modified by mw:Manual:$wgAddGroups and mw:Manual:$wgRemoveGroups to restrict adding/removing flags to specified ones. Wikimedia's settings file uses these, and by default bureaucrats can only remove Template:Mono flags and add Template:Mono and Template:Mono flags. English Wikipedia, or 'enwiki', settings additionally permit adding Template:Mono and removal of Template:Mono and Template:Mono; which administrators can do anyway, and removal of Template:Mono.</ref> and add users to and remove users from the Template:Mono,<ref>Since August 2011, per Template:Phab</ref> Template:Mono, and Template:Mono user groups.

See Special:ListUsers/bureaucrat for a list of the 1 bureaucrats.

User groups that are typically requested at WP:PERM

These user groups are typically requested at Wikipedia:Request for permissions, but can also be granted or removed by an administrator. Some of the user rights in these user groups are part of the Template:Mono user group, and hence are automatically assigned to all administrators.

Pending changes reviewer

Template:See also Members of this group can review other users' edits to articles placed under pending changes protection. This right is automatically assigned to administrators. Prior to September 2014, this right was known as Template:Mono.

See Special:ListUsers/reviewer for a list of the 0 reviewers.

Rollback

Template:Seealso Users who are given the rollback flag (Template:Mono user group) may revert consecutive revisions of an editor using the rollback feature. This right is automatically assigned to administrators.

See Special:ListUsers/rollbacker for a list of the 0 rollbackers.

Autopatrolled

Template:See also Members of this group have Template:Mono, which allows them to have their pages automatically patrolled on the New Pages list. Prior to June 2010, it was known as Template:Mono. Before December 2021, it was automatically assigned to administrators, but following an RFC, it was removed from the default toolkit. The 2021 RFC concluded that administrators are allowed to grant the user right to themselves without approval or a discussion beforehand, similar to the edit filter manager user right.

See Special:ListUsers/autoreviewer for a list of the 0 autopatrolled users.

New page reviewer (patroller)

Template:See also Members of this group have Template:Mono, which allows them to mark pages created by others as patrolled or reviewed. This right is automatically assigned to administrators.

See Special:ListUsers/patroller for a list of the 0 new page reviewers.

File mover

Template:See also The file mover right is intended to allow users experienced in working with files to rename them, subject to policy, with the ease that autoconfirmed users already enjoy when renaming Wikipedia articles. This right is automatically assigned to administrators.

See Special:ListUsers/filemover for a list of the 0 file movers.

Page mover

Template:See also The page mover user right (Template:Mono user group) is intended to allow users who have demonstrated a good understanding of the Wikipedia page naming system to rename pages and subpages without leaving redirects, subject to policy. They are also able to create and edit editnotices as well as move categories. This right is automatically assigned to administrators.

See Special:ListUsers/extendedmover for a list of the 0 page movers.

Account creator

Template:See also The account creator user right (Template:Mono user group) is intended for users involved in the request an account process (ACC), and so have signed the Wikimedia Foundation's confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information. They are not affected by the 6 account creation limit per day per IP, and can create accounts for other users without restriction. Users in this group can also override the anti-spoof checks on account creation. Additionally, account creators are able to create accounts with names that are otherwise blocked by the title blacklist. This right is automatically assigned to administrators and bureaucrats.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See Special:ListUsers/accountcreator for a list of the 0 account creators.

Event coordinator

Template:See also The event coordinator flag (Template:Mono user group) is intended for individuals involved with off-wiki outreach events to create accounts for their attendees. Event coordinators are not affected by the 6 account creation limit per day per IP. In addition, they can allow their event attendees to create new articles by temporarily adding newly created accounts to confirmed user group. This right is automatically assigned to administrators.

See Special:ListUsers/eventcoordinator for a list of the 0 event coordinators.

Template editor

Template:See also Users who are given the template editor flag (Template:Mono user group) are allowed to edit pages that are template-protected, as well as create and edit editnotices. Template protection is only applied to pages in the template and module namespaces, as well as a few pages in the Wikipedia namespace. This right is intended to allow experienced template and module coders to make changes without having to request that an administrator make the edits for them. This right is automatically assigned to administrators.

See Special:ListUsers/templateeditor for a list of the 0 template editors.

Mass message sender

Template:Seealso

Members of this group may send messages to multiple users at once. This right is automatically assigned to administrators.

See Special:ListUsers/massmessage-sender for a list of the 0 mass message senders.

Temporary account IP viewer

Template:Seealso Temporary account IP viewers (Template:Mono) are permitted to view IP addresses used by temporary accounts. This right is automatically assigned to administrators. All users with this right must still accept the Wikimedia Foundation's Access to Temporary Account IP Addresses Policy via Special:Preferences to use the tool.

See Special:ListUsers/temporary-account-viewer for a list of the 0 temporary account IP viewers.

User groups typically requested through special processes

IP block exempt

Template:See also Users who are given the ipblock-exempt flag (Template:Mono user group) are not affected by autoblocks, blocks of IP addresses and ranges that are made with the "Prevent logged-in users from editing" option enabled,<ref>This flag only grants the exempted user to edit behind the IP address. IP block exempt users are not able to create accounts while behind an IP address that is also blocked with the "Prevent account creation" option enabled.</ref> and by Tor blocks.

The flag is intended for trusted users in good standing who are unfortunately affected by such blocks. Requests for this permission may be included with your unblock request. If you are affected by an IP address range block, you must send your unblock request using the Unblock Ticket Request System. If you are trying to edit through a blocked anonymous proxy or a VPN service, you must instead send your request to Template:Nospam, or contact a CheckUser directly.

This right is automatically assigned to administrators and bots.<ref>Administrators and bots are not affected by autoblocks and hard IP address blocks. However, the ipblock-exempt flag must be added to the administrator or bot account as a separate user right to allow them to edit from IP addresses affected by Tor blocks.</ref> Administrators are also free to grant the right to good-faith editors known to be affected by IP blocks, without waiting for an unblock request.

See Special:ListUsers/ipblock-exempt for a list of the 0 affected users.

Edit filter manager

Template:Seealso

Members of the edit filter manager group can view, create, modify, enable, disable, and delete edit filters, including private edit filters that are hidden from public view. They can also view any associated logs that are generated by any edit filter. This right is not assigned to administrators by default, but they are allowed to grant the user right to themselves without approval or a discussion beforehand. The edit filter manager user right can also be granted to non-administrators following a successful request at the edit filter noticeboard.

See Special:ListUsers/abusefilter for a list of the 0 edit filter managers.

Edit filter helper

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Members of the edit filter helper group have the ability to view all edit filters (including private edit filters that are hidden from being publicly viewed), as well as view their associated logs. It does not grant them the ability to modify or make any changes to edit filters. The user right is intended for editors who are interested in helping with edit filters or have demonstrated experience with helping with public edit filters on appropriate discussion pages, but do not yet meet the thresholds required to be able to modify them. The user right is also intended for users who are currently active administrators or edit filter managers on other Wikimedia wikis who would like to learn from the English Wikipedia, as well as, at the discretion of any checkuser, sockpuppet investigation (SPI) clerks and trainee clerks.

This access is also included in the administrator groups. These capabilities can also be granted to non-administrators following a successful request at the edit filter noticeboard.

See Special:ListUsers/abusefilter-helper for a list of the 0 edit filter helpers.

Interface administrators

Template:See also Users who are given the interface administrator flag (Template:Mono user group) have the ability to edit site-wide CSS, JavaScript, and JSON pages (pages such as MediaWiki:Common.js or MediaWiki:Vector.css, or the gadget pages listed on Special:Gadgets), all CSS, JavaScript, and JSON pages regardless of location<ref>Specifically, they can edit these pages - even if they're located within the user space of another account.</ref>, and pages in the MediaWiki namespace. Interface administrator access, along with access to another group that has undelete access, is required to view deleted versions of pages only editable by this group. Because it provides the potential to send malicious CSS, JS, and JSON code to execute in other users' browsers, this right may only be granted to existing administrators<ref>See this RfC at Template:Section link</ref> with two-factor authentication enabled on their accounts.<ref>WMF 2FA requirement as published on Meta-Wiki</ref> These capabilities can be granted following a successful request at Wikipedia:Bureaucrats' noticeboard.

See Special:ListUsers/interface-admin for a list of the 1 interface administrators.

Election clerks

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Functionary user groups

{{#invoke:Shortcut|main}} Template:Seealso

Functionaries are comprised of a small group of users who have been highly and thoroughly vetted, examined, analyzed, and reviewed by both the Wikipedia community as well as the Arbitration Committee, and have been determined to hold the level of knowledge, confidence, decorum, trust, respect, and level of judgment that's expected and required in order to perform specialized roles and have privileged technical access to the project. Their responsibilities and tasks regularly involve accessing, handling, and securing private information and data, and making functionary-level decisions and taking certain actions based off of that information when necessary.

CheckUser

Template:Seealso

Users who are granted and possess the CheckUser flag (Template:Mono user group) have access to Special:CheckUser, a function page that allows them to view a list of IP addresses that have been used by a user account to edit the English Wikipedia, an extended list of edits made from an IP address or range (which includes edits that were made by any user accounts while using the specific IP or range), or a list of all user accounts that have used a given IP address or range to edit the English Wikipedia. They also have access to the Checkuser log, which logs each time a Checkuser uses their tools to view any of the information listed. This user right is only granted to exceedingly few users and after a high level of scrutiny and input by the community, and after vetting, review and support of the Arbitration Committee. Users must also be at least 18 years old and have signed the Wikimedia Foundation's confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information. As CheckUsers have access to deleted revisions, they are also required to have passed an "RfA or RfA-identical process" first.<ref name="wmf"/>

See Special:ListUsers/checkuser for a list of the 0 CheckUsers.

Oversight

Template:Seealso Users who are granted and possess the Oversight flag (Template:Mono user group<ref>The user group was named Template:Mono until February of 2022.</ref>) have access to additional options on the page deletion, revision deletion, and block function pages through which they can hide logs or revisions of pages (partially or entirely) from any form of usual access by all other users, including administrators. They also have access to the suppression log, where they can view actions made by other oversighters, as well as the content of the hidden revisions and the data within the hidden log entries. This user right is only granted to exceedingly few users and after a high level of scrutiny and input by the community, and after vetting, review and support of the Arbitration Committee. Users must also be at least 18 years old and have signed the Wikimedia Foundation's confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information. Oversighters are also required to have passed a "RfA or RfA-identical process" first.<ref name="wmf">The Wikimedia Foundation has stated that an "RfA or RfA-identical process" is required for users to be granted access to deleted revisions.</ref>

See Special:ListUsers/suppress for a list of the 0 Oversighters.

Other user groups

Bots

Template:Seealso Accounts used by approved bots to make pre-approved edits can be flagged as such. Bot accounts are automated or semi-automated, the nature of their edits is well defined, and they will be quickly blocked if their actions vary from their given tasks, so they require less scrutiny than human edits.

For this reason, contributions from accounts with the bot flag (Template:Mono user group) are not displayed in recent changes or watchlists to users who have opted to hide bot edits. Minor edits made by bot accounts to user talk pages do not trigger the "you have new messages" banner. Bot accounts can query the API in batches of 5,000 rather than 500.

See Special:ListUsers/bot for a list of the 0 bots.

Template:Seealso

A Template:Mono is an approved bot that is given the Template:Mono permission, allowing it to use the API to tag pages listed on Special:NewPagesFeed as likely copyright violations.

See Special:ListUsers/copyviobot for a list of the 0 copyviobots.

Founder

{{#invoke:Shortcut|main}} The [[Special:ListUsers/founder|Template:Mono]] group was created on the English Wikipedia by developer Tim Starling, without community input, as a unique group for Jimmy "Jimbo" Wales—see Special:ListUsers/founder. The group formerly gave Wales full access to user rights, and no longer has any function but continues to exist as a courtesy. Wales is also a member of the founder global group, which grants several more rights across the Wikimedia network.

Researchers

{{#invoke:Shortcut|main}} The Template:Mono group allows individuals approved by the Wikimedia Foundation to perform a title search for deleted pages, view deleted history entries, and view deleted contents. It was created in 2010 and expanded in 2020.<ref>Phabricator Task T253420: Add 'deletedtext' right to user group 'researchers'</ref><ref>The group has access to the Template:Mono, Template:Mono and Template:Mono rights, as well as Template:Mono (Template:Section link)</ref>

See Special:ListUsers/researcher for a list of the 0 current researcher{{#ifeq:0|1||s}} and meta:Research:Special API permissions/Log for further details.

Importers and transwiki importers

{{#invoke:Shortcut|main}} Template:See The Template:Mono group gives editors the import permission for use on Special:Import. This interface allows users to copy pages, and optionally entire page histories, from certain other Wikimedia wikis. The import permission is also included in the administrators and importers user groups. See Special:ListUsers/transwiki for a list of the 0 users in the transwiki importers group. This group is only available for assignment by stewards following a special community approval discussion.

Template:Mono is a similar group which gives editors the importupload permission as well as the import permission for use on Special:Import. Importers have the additional ability to import articles directly from XML (which may come from any wiki site), as well as to merge the history of pages together using the mergehistory right (see WP:HM for more information). The importupload permission is also included in the stewards group. See Special:ListUsers/import for a list of the 0 user(s) in the importer group. This access is highly restricted and is only available for assignment to a limited number of very trusted users by stewards following a special community approval discussion.

All users can use Special:Export to create an XML export of a page and its history.

See also the import log, transwiki log, Help:Import, and Wikipedia:Requests for page importation.

Blocked users

Template:See

Any user account can be blocked, regardless of which user group(s) it belongs to. While the account is blocked, the blocking flag disables the user's existing editing privileges depending on which block options are set by the administrator. A partial block still allows some parts of Wikipedia to be edited.

Blocked users are listed on Special:BlockList.

Indefinitely blocked users

{{#invoke:Shortcut|main}} If an editor is blocked indefinitely but not site-banned, their rights should generally be left as is. Rights specifically related to the reason for blocking may be removed at administrators' discretion;<ref>See the RfC at Template:Slink.</ref> certain rights might also later be removed under applicable inactivity rules.

When an editor is indefinitely site-banned by the community, all manually-granted permissions should be removed. If the ban is reversed due to actual error (e.g. votestacking in the ban thread), the rights should be restored, but otherwise a user who successfully appeals their ban is not automatically entitled to regain the rights.<ref>See 2023 RfC. There is no consensus for or against applying this consensus retroactively. Administrators should use their discretion.</ref>

Global user groups

Global user groups have effects on all public Wikimedia wikis, but their use may be restricted by local policy, see Wikipedia:Global rights policy. For an automatically generated list of global user groups with all their permissions, see meta:Special:GlobalGroupPermissions. For a list of users along with their global groups, see meta:Special:GlobalUsers.

Stewards

Template:Seealso Stewardship is an elected role, and stewards are appointed globally across all public Wikimedia wikis.

Users who are members of the Template:Mono user group may grant and revoke any permission to or from any user on any wiki operated by the Wikimedia Foundation which allows open account creation. This group is set on MetaWiki, and may use meta:Special:Userrights to set permissions on any Wikimedia wiki; they may add or remove any user from any group configured on metawiki. Stewards generally act only when there is no user on a particular wiki that can make the necessary change. This includes granting of the Template:Mono or Template:Mono access levels on wikis which do not have any local bureaucrats, and removing such flags if the user resigns or the account is acting maliciously. Stewards are also responsible for granting and revoking access levels such as Template:Mono and Template:Mono, as no other group is capable of making such changes except Foundation sysadmins and Trust and Safety staff.

Stewards can also act as checkusers, oversighters, bureaucrats or administrators on wikis which do not have active local members of those groups. For example, if a wiki has a passing need for an edit to be oversighted, a steward can add themselves to the Template:Mono user group on that wiki, perform the necessary function, and then remove themselves from the Template:Mono group using their steward rights.

Most steward actions are logged at meta:Special:Log/rights or meta:Special:Log/gblrights (some go to meta:Stewards/Additional log for global changes). See Special:GlobalUsers/steward or meta:Special:ListUsers/steward for a list of users in this group.

Other global user groups

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Other global groups include WMF staff, sysadmins (system administrators), ombuds, Volunteer Response Team (VRT) members, global bots, global rollbackers, global sysops (not enabled on English Wikipedia), and interface editors. See Global rights policy and meta:User groups for information on these, as well as a full list.

Table

  • On the English Wikipedia, bureaucrats are generally also administrators, meaning they have all the permissions of the Template:Mono user group in addition to their Template:Mono-specific rights. However, this is not a requirement of the MediaWiki software, nor is it a formal requirement of the Wikipedia:Requests for bureaucratship process. Technically, a user can hold Template:Mono rights without being an Template:Mono.
  • Deprecated permissions are either no longer assigned to any user group, or assigned to a user group that is no longer populated.

Template:User access levels

Template:User rights census

User access level changes

Vero - Wikipedia:User groups/User access level changes

Former groups

  • Course coordinator, instructor, online and campus volunteer
    Enabled users to manage course pages in the "Education Program:" namespace, which was shut down in June 2018.
  • Afttest and Afttest-hide
    Only granted by WMF staff, these enabled users to delete and/or hide article feedback. Removed in March 2014 after one year as the article feedback feature was discontinued.
  • EP staff, administrator, campus-ambassador, online-ambassador, and instructor
    Used by users to coordinate and work with students, instructors, and institutions as part of the education program. Deprecated since 2013.

See also

Template:Wikipedia glossary

Notes

Template:Reflist

Template:Requests for permissions Template:Wikipedia technical help Template:Wikipedia accounts