Virginia House of Delegates
Template:Short description Template:Coord Template:Use mdy dates Template:Use American English Template:Infobox legislature The Virginia House of Delegates is one of the two houses of the Virginia General Assembly, the other being the Senate of Virginia. It has 100 members elected for terms of two years; unlike most states, these elections take place during odd-numbered years. The House is presided over by the Speaker of the House, who is elected from among the House members by the Delegates. The Speaker is usually a member of the majority party and, as Speaker, becomes the most powerful member of the House. The House shares legislative power with the Senate, the upper house of the General Assembly. The House of Delegates is the modern-day successor to the colonial House of Burgesses, which first met at Jamestown in 1619. It is the oldest continuous English-speaking representative legislative assembly in the Americas.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The House is divided into Democratic and Republican caucuses. In addition to the Speaker, there is a majority leader, a majority whip, a majority caucus chair, a minority leader, a minority whip, a minority caucus chair, and the chairs of the several committees of the House.
Only Virginia, West Virginia and Maryland refer to their lower house as the House of Delegates.
History and location
The House of Burgesses was the first elected legislative body in the New World.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Originally having 22 members, the House of Burgesses met from 1619 through 1632 in the choir of the church at Jamestown.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> From 1632 to 1699 the legislative body met at four different state houses in Jamestown. The first state house convened at the home of Colonial Governor Sir John Harvey from 1632 to 1656. The burgesses convened at the second state house from 1656 until it was destroyed in 1660. Historians have yet to precisely identify its location.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The House of Burgesses had its final meeting in May 1776, and the House of Delegates took its place in October of that year.
The House has met in the Virginia State Capitol, designed by Thomas Jefferson, since 1788. The legislative body met from 1788 to 1904 in what is known as today the Old Hall of the House of Delegates or commonly referred to as the Old House Chamber. The Old House Chamber is part of the original Capitol building structure. It measures 76 feet in width and is filled today with furnishings that resemble what the room would have looked like during its time of use. There are many bronze and marble busts of historic Virginians on display in the Old House Chamber, including: George Mason, George Wythe, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, and Meriwether Lewis. From 1904 to 1906, University of Virginia graduate and architect John K. Peeples designed and built compatible classical wings to the west and east side of the Capitol building. The new wings added to provide more space and serve as the legislative chambers in the Virginia General Assembly, the Senate of Virginia resides in the west chamber and the House of Delegates resides in the east chamber. The General Assembly members and staff operate from offices in the General Assembly Building, located in Capitol Square. Prior to 1788, the House of Delegates met in the Colonial Capital of Williamsburg.
In 1999, Republicans took control of the House of Delegates for the first time since Reconstruction (with the exception of a brief two-year period in which the Readjuster Party was in the majority in the 1880s). The Republican Party held the majority until 2019, when the Democratic Party won a majority of the seats, thus regaining control of the House of Delegates. The majority was sworn in on January 8, 2020, after which Eileen Filler-Corn (D-Fairfax) was elected as the first female and Jewish Speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On November 4, 2020, Virginia voters approved a constitutional amendment that removed the authority to redistrict congressional and state legislative districts from the General Assembly, and gave that power to a newly established 16-member panel composed of eight lawmakers and eight non-lawmaker citizens. The maps created by this commission are subject to the approval of the General Assembly, but lawmakers cannot change the commission's lines.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On November 7, 2023, the Democrats regained control of the House of Delegates after securing a 51-seat majority.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Salary and qualifications
The annual salary for delegates is $17,640.<ref name="dailypress.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Each delegate represents roughly 84,702 people.<ref name="dailypress.com"/> Candidates for office must be at least 21 years of age at the time of the election, residents of the districts they seek to represent, and qualified to vote for General Assembly legislators.<ref name="vakids.org">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The regular session of the General Assembly is 60 days long during even numbered years and 30 days long during odd numbered years, unless extended by a two-thirds vote of both houses.<ref name="vakids.org"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Composition
Article IV, Section 3 of the Constitution of Virginia stipulates that the House of Delegates shall consist of between 90 and 100 members. It does not put any condition on the number of districts and only speaks of "several house districts". While there used to be multi-member districts, since 1982 there have been 100 districts electing one member each.
Current political composition
| Template:Down-arrow | ||
| 51 | 49 | |
| Democratic | Republican | |
| Affiliation | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
|
Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | |||
| Democratic | Republican | Vacant | ||
| Previous legislature (2016–2018) | 34 | Template:Party shading/Republican| 66 | 100 | 0 |
| Previous legislature (2018-2020) | 49 | Template:Party shading/Republican | 51 | 100 | 0 |
| Previous legislature (2020-2022) | Template:Party shading/Democratic | 55 | 45 | 100 | 0 |
| Previous legislature (2022-2024) | 48 | Template:Party shading/Republican | 52 | 100 | 0 |
| Begin 2024 | Template:Party shading/Democratic | 51 | 49 | 100 | 0 |
| Latest voting share | Template:Party shading/Democratic|Template:Percentage | Template:Percentage | ||
Historical party control
Template:See also (The party control table shows the balance of power after each recent general election. The preceding Makeup table includes results of special elections since the last general election.)
House leadership
| Template:Party shading/Democratic |Speaker | Don Scott |
| Template:Party shading/Democratic |Majority Leader | Charniele Herring |
| Template:Party shading/Democratic |Majority Caucus Chair | Kathy Tran |
| Template:Party shading/Republican |Minority Leader | Terry Kilgore |
| Template:Party shading/Republican |Minority Caucus Chair | Amanda Batten |
| Template:Party shading/Republican |Minority Whip | Michael Webert |
Committee chairs and ranking members
The House has 14 standing committees.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
| Committee | Template:Party shading/Democratic |Chair | Template:Party shading/Democratic |Vice Chair | Template:Party shading/Republican |Senior Minority Member |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture, Chesapeake and Natural Resources | Alfonso Lopez | Nadarius Clark | Lee Ware |
| Appropriations | Luke Torian | Mark Sickles | Terry Austin |
| Communications, Technology and Innovation | Cliff Hayes | Irene Shin | Joe McNamara |
| Counties, Cities and Towns | Candi King | Elizabeth Bennett-Parker | Barry Knight |
| Courts of Justice | Patrick Hope | Marcus Simon | Terry Kilgore |
| Education | Sam Rasoul | Shelly Simonds | Amanda Batten |
| Finance | Vivian Watts | Rip Sullivan | Bobby Orrock |
| General Laws | David Bulova | Betsy Carr | Barry Knight |
| Health and Human Services | Mark Sickles | Kathy Tran | Bobby Orrock |
| Labor and Commerce | Jeion Ward | Charniele Herring | Terry Kilgore |
| Privileges and Elections | Cia Price | Kelly Convirs-Fowler | Israel O'Quinn |
| Public Safety | Marcus Simon | Candi King | Tony Wilt |
| Rules | Don Scott | Dan Helmer | Terry Kilgore |
| Transportation | Karrie Delaney | David Reid | Barry Knight |
Members
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The Virginia House of Delegates is reelected every two years, with intervening vacancies filled by special election. The list below contains the House delegates that are currently serving in the 163rd Virginia General Assembly, which convened on January 10, 2024.
Database of past and present members
Marking the 400th anniversary of the House of Burgesses, the House Clerk's Office announced a new Database of House Members called "DOME" that chronicles the "9,700-plus men and women who served as burgesses or delegates in the Virginia General Assembly over the past four centuries."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
See also
- List of Virginia state legislatures
- Mace of the Virginia House of Delegates
- Political party strength in Virginia
- Redistricting in Virginia
- Virginia House of Delegates elections, 2017
- Category:Members of the Virginia House of Delegates
References
Template:Sister project Template:ReflistTemplate:Notelist
External links
- Virginia General Assembly Official website
- Project Vote Smart – State House of Virginia Template:Webarchive
Template:Virginia House of Delegates Template:Virginia legislative districts Template:United States legislatures Template:Authority control