Vladimír Železný

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Early life and media career

Born to a Jewish family,<ref>Philadelphia Inquirer: "Franz Kafka Is Celebrated At Last In His Native Prague He Symbolizes The Capital's Past Vitality" by Dan Stets July 28, 1992</ref> Železný made headlines in 1968, at the age of 23, when he broadcast in defiance of orders pictures of Russian tanks driving through Prague during the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia.<ref name=I/>

In 1993 he applied with five others for a license to broadcast a private television channel to show classical music, cultural programmes and current affairs. He obtained a €140m investment from the American firm, Central European Media Enterprises (CME) to fund the enterprise. Due to the Czech Media Council's rules against foreign ownership, the license was granted to a company controlled by Železný - CET21 - which, with the legal assistance of Miroslav Šipovič<ref>Template:Citation</ref> signed a licensing agreement with a joint venture partly owned by CME. In February 1994 he launched TV NOVA which became the most popular network, although it was criticised as undermining the cultural tradition of Czechs.<ref name=I/><ref name=IT>Czech Libertas recruit has conviction for evading duty, Irish Times, 2009-01-22</ref>

In 1999 CET21 terminated the licensing agreement, effectively seizing control of the station and making CME's investment worthless. Subsequently, some 20 suits started in front of the Czech courts and international tribunals. While the CME (at the time incorporated in Netherlands and controlled by American national Ronald Lauder) started UNCITRAL arbitration proceedings against the Czech Republic (in Stockholm) under the Bilateral investment treaty between the Czech Republic and Netherlands, Ronald Lauder himself started UNCITRAL arbitration proceedings against the Czech Republic (in London) under the Bilateral investment treaty between the Czech Republic and the United States. While the London tribunal dismissed the claim by Lauder, the Stockholm tribunal, effectively dealing with the same issue, found the Czech Republic liable for not protecting the CME's investment in the Czech Republic and awarded CME damages of $270 million, which were eventually paid from taxpayers' money.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Under a different arbitration award, Železný was to pay damages of $23 million.Template:Citation needed CME also eventually regained control of the channel.<ref name=I/>

From November 2013<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> to March 2014<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> he was the CEO of TV Barrandov.

Political career

In 2002, Železný was elected to the Czech Senate for the Znojmo circuit. Analysts said he selected the seat based on the high ratings of TV Nova and high rates of unemployment and said he was "widely suspected" of seeking election only to secure parliamentary immunity.<ref>Constitution Watch - A country-by-country update on constitutional politics in Eastern Europe and the ex-USSR Template:Webarchive, East European Constitutional Review (a joint publication of the New York University School of Law and the Central European University), 2002-12-01, accessed on 2009-01-22</ref><ref name=Taz>Zynischer Populist ohne politische Überzeugung (Cynical populist with no political ideology) (German), die tageszeitung, 2004-06-14, accessed on 2009-01-22</ref>

In 2004 he was elected to the European Parliament. He founded the Independent Democrats (Nezávislí demokraté) in 2005 and was elected its chairman. In 2006 he unsuccessfully sought election to the Chamber of Deputies.

In 2008 he told Prague Radio he was a "fierce eurosceptic" and said the European Union was "an over-regulated environment which strongly resembles what we know from our communist past" In 2009 he launched Libertas.cz.<ref name=IT/>

Criminal activities

Following his 1999 split with investors, Železný was suspected of selling property and making a speculative agreement with a Liechtenstein company to avoid paying his debt to CME.<ref name=IT/><ref name=CR/><ref name=BIT>CME/Lauder vs. Czech Republic - Case Comment & Introductory NoteTemplate:Dead link, Thomas Wälde, 2003-06-01, accessed on 2009-01-22</ref> In 2011 the Template:Ill acquitted him of the charges.<ref name=idnes2011 />

In 2001 Železný was publicly arrested and charged with tax evasion and defrauding creditors in connection with the Nova company.<ref name=I/><ref name=IT/> In 2003 the Senate voted to lift his immunity to allow the police to investigate and in 2005 the European Parliament followed suit.<ref name=CR>Zelezny case highlights imperfections in parliamentary immunity law, Český rozhlas, 2003-01-29, accessed on 2009-01-22</ref><ref name=EP>The European Parliament has decided to strip Czech MEP Vladimir Zelezny of immunity Template:Webarchive, Český rozhlas, 2005-10-13, accessed on 2009-01-22</ref> Later he was acquitted of the charges.<ref name=idnes2011 /> In 2007 he was found guilty of tax evasion in connection to paintings he had imported in 1998, fined €250,000 and given a two-year suspended jail sentence with a two-year probation. The verdict was later upheld by the High Court in Prague.<ref name=idnes2011>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See also

References

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Media, articles, case studies

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