Voiced epiglottal fricative
Template:Short description Template:Infobox IPA Template:Infobox IPA
A voiced epiglottal fricative, or voiced pharyngeal trill,<ref name="esling2010">Template:Cite book</ref> is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA.
Although the official name in the IPA for this sound has always been a voiced epiglottal fricative since it was introduced in 1989, laryngoscopic studies by John Esling have found that both epiglottal and pharyngeal consonants are pharyngeal in place of articulation, and are affected in manner by the aryepiglottic folds and larynx height; he therefore proposed the reclassification of Template:Angbr IPA as the trilled counterpart of Template:IPAalink, noting both as ranging from fricatives to approximants,<ref name="esling1996">Template:Cite journal</ref> and later described realizations of Template:Angbr IPA ranging from a fricative, to a trill, to a fricative trill.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Esling furthered this reclassification with a modified version of the IPA chart, merging pharyngeal and epiglottal consonants into a single column, placing Template:Angbr IPA as a trill, Template:Angbr IPA as a fricative, and Template:Angbr IPA as an approximant.<ref name="esling2010" /> A voiced epiglottal approximant Template:Angbr IPA is reported to occur in Dahalo, though the authors recognize that this is a precise description, and that the sound is still "pharyngeal in a broader sense",<ref>Template:Citation</ref> so that it may be describing the same sound as Template:Angbr IPA.
Few languages distinguish between pharyngeal and epiglottal fricatives. However, according to Peter Ladefoged, the Aghul spoken in the village of Burkikhan, Dagestan has both a voiceless pharyngeal fricative and a voiceless epiglottal fricative.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Fcn
Features
Features of a voiced epiglottal fricative:
Template:Fricative Template:Epiglottal Template:Voiced Template:Oral Template:Central articulation Template:Pulmonic
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aghul | Richa dialect<ref>Template:Cite conference</ref> | Template:IPA | 'light' | ||
| Arabic<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Iraqi<ref>Template:Cite conference</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'he left' | Corresponds to Template:IPA (Template:Lang) in Standard Arabic and other varieties. See Arabic phonology |
| Siwa<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | Template:IPA | 'four' | |||