Voiced retroflex approximant

A voiced retroflex approximant is a type of consonant used in some languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA, a turned lowercase letter r with a rightward hook protruding from the lower right of the letter.

The velar bunched approximant found in some varieties of Dutch and American English are identical to a retroflex approximant in sound but has a very different articulation.

Features

A schematic mid-sagittal section of an articulation of a voiced retroflex approximant [ɻ]

Features of the voiced retroflex approximant:

Occurrence

Family	Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Sinitic	Chinese	Mandarin	Template:Lang Template:Lang	[ɻ̺oʊ̯˥˩]	'meat'	Apical.<ref>Template:Cite conference</ref> Can be transcribed as fricative Template:IPAblink. See Standard Chinese phonology
Nungish	Derung		Tvrung	[tə˧˩ɻuŋ˥˧]	'Derung'
Germanic	English	Some American dialects	red	Template:IPA	'red'	Labialized (pronounced with lips rounded). See Pronunciation of English /r/
		Some Hiberno-English dialects
		Some West Country English
Arnhem	Enindhilyagwa		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'fire'
Germanic	FaroeseTemplate:Sfnp		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'heard'	Allophone of Template:IPA.Template:Sfnp Sometimes voiceless Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp See Faroese phonology
Hellenic	Greek	Cretan (Sfakia and Mylopotamos variations) regionTemplate:Sfnp	Template:Lang Template:Transliteration	Template:IPA	'milk'	Intervocalic allophone of Template:IPA before Template:IPA. Recessive. See Modern Greek phonology
Eskimo-Aleut	Inuktitut	Nattilingmiutut	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'she replies'
Dravidian	Malayalam		Template:Lang/āḻam	Template:IPA	'depth'
Mapudungun	MapucheTemplate:Sfnp		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'flower'	Possible realization of Template:IPA; may be Template:IPAblink or Template:IPAblink instead.Template:Sfnp
Romance	Portuguese	Many Centro-Sul registers	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'letters'	Allophone of rhotic consonants (and sometimes Template:IPA) in the syllable coda. Mainly<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> found in rural São Paulo, Paraná, south of Minas Gerais and surrounding areas, with the more common and prestigious realization in metropolitan areas being Template:IPAblink and/or rhotic vowel instead. As with Template:IPAblink, it appeared as a mutation of Template:IPA.<ref>Template:Cite thesis</ref><ref>Template:In lang Syllable coda /r/ in the "capital" of the paulista hinterland: sociolinguistic analisis. Template:Webarchive Cândida Mara Britto LEITE. Page 111 (page 2 in the attached PDF)</ref><ref>Template:In lang Callou, Dinah. Leite, Yonne. "Iniciação à Fonética e à Fonologia". Jorge Zahar Editora 2001, p. 24</ref> See Portuguese phonology.
		Caipira	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'rainstorm'
		Conservative Piracicabano	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'thankful' (m.)
Dravidian	TamilTemplate:Sfnp		Template:Lang/Tamiḻ	Template:Audio-IPA	'Tamil'	See Tamil phonology. May be merged with Template:IPAblink for some modern speakers.
Pama-Nyungan	Western Desert	Pitjantjatjara dialect	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'Uluru'
Isolate	Yaghan		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'cave'

See also

• Alveolar approximant
• Retroflex consonant
• R-colored vowel
• Index of phonetics articles

References

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External links

• Template:Phoible