Voiced retroflex flap

A voiced retroflex flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA, a letter r with a tail.

Features

Features of a voiced retroflex flap:

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Bengali<ref name="mazumdar">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'car'	Apical postalveolar.<ref name="mazumdar" /> See Bengali phonology
Dutch<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	North Brabant<ref name="GoVan107">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'belt'	A rare word-initial variant of Template:IPA.<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> Realization of Template:IPA varies considerably among dialects. See Dutch phonology
	Northern Netherlands<ref name=GoVan107/><ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>
Elfdalian		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'permission'
Enga		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'shame'
Gokana<ref name="brosnahan">Template:Cite web</ref>		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'we'	Apical postalveolar. Allophone of Template:IPA, medially between vowels within the morpheme, and finally in the morpheme before a following vowel in the same word. It can be a postalveolar trill or simply Template:IPAblink instead.<ref name="brosnahan" />
Hausa		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'servant'	Represented in Arabic script with Template:Angbr
Hindustani<ref name="tiwari">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	Hindi	Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'big'	Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms.<ref name="tiwari"/> See Hindustani phonology
	Urdu	Template:Lang
Nepali<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'rent'	Apical postalveolar; postvocalic allophone of Template:IPA.<ref name="khatiwada374">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> See Nepali phonology
Norwegian	Central dialects<ref name="heide">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'Vålerenga'	Allophone of Template:IPA and Template:IPA. In Urban East Norwegian it often alternates with the alveolar Template:IPAblink, save for a small number of words.<ref name="heide"/><ref name="kristoffersen">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> See Norwegian phonology
	Eastern dialects<ref name="heide"/><ref name="kristoffersen"/>
Odia<ref name="masica">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'car'	Apical postalveolar; postvocalic allophone of Template:IPA.<ref name="masica"/>
Okinawan		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'karate'	Intervocalic allophone of Template:IPAslink.
Parkari Koli		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'desolate, deserted'
Portuguese	Some European speakers<ref>Lista das marcas dialetais e ouros fenómenos de variação (fonética e fonológica) identificados nas amostras do Arquivo Dialetal do CLUP Template:In lang</ref>	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'to speak'	Allophone of Template:IPAslink. See Portuguese phonology
	Brazilian caipira speakers<ref>Template:In lang Acoustic-phonetic characteristics of the Brazilian Portuguese's retroflex /r/: data from respondents in Pato Branco, Paraná Template:Webarchive. Irineu da Silva Ferraz. Pages 19–21</ref><ref>Template:In lang Syllable coda /r/ in the "capital" of the paulista hinterland: sociolinguistic analisis Template:Webarchive. Cândida Mara Britto LEITE. Page 111 (page 2 in the attached PDF)</ref>	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'wood'
	Some sertanejo speakers<ref>Template:In lang Rhotic consonants in the speech of three municipalities of Rio de Janeiro: Petrópolis, Itaperuna and Paraty Template:Webarchive. Pages 22 and 23.</ref>	Template:Lang	Template:Nowrap	'to guffaw'
Punjabi<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>	Gurmukhi	Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'horse'
	Shahmukhi	Template:Lang
Scottish Gaelic	Lewis	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'said'	Possible realisation of Template:IPA.
Shipibo<ref name="val282">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'to break'	Apical postalveolar; possible realization of Template:IPA.<ref name="val282" />
Swedish	Some dialects<ref name="kristoffersen"/>	Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'[a] flag'	Allophone of retroflexed Template:IPA (Template:IPAblink) and (single) Template:IPAslink, the former especially after labials, velars or long vowels.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> See Swedish phonology
Tamil		Template:Lang / Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'country'	Intervocalic and word-medial allophone of Template:IPAslink. See Tamil phonology
Telugu		Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'grief'	Allophone of Template:IPAslink.
Tukano<ref name=":0">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	Ye’pâ-Masa	petâ-de	Template:IPA	'(relative to the) port'	Realisation of Template:Angle bracket in certain positions. Nasalised Template:IPA in nasal contexts.<ref name=":0" />
Wapishana<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		Template:IPA		'your father'
Warlpiri		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'sleep'	Transcribes Template:IPA as Template:Angbr.
Yidiny<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>		Template:IPA		'tablelands'

Voiced retroflex nasal flap

Features

Features of a retroflex nasal tap or flap:

Occurrence

Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Hindi	Template:Lang Template:Transliteration	Template:IPA	Template:Gloss	Allophone of Template:IPA when not in clusters
Ndrumbea<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>	[[broad transcription|Template:IPA]]	[[narrow transcription|Template:IPA]]	'to run'	Allophone of Template:IPA before a nasal vowel
KangriTemplate:Sfn	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	Template:Gloss

See also

• Index of phonetics articles

References

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External links

• Template:Phoible