Walford Davies

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Infobox officeholder Sir Henry Walford Davies Template:Postnominals (6 September 1869 – 11 March 1941) was an English composer, organist, and educator who held the title Master of the King's Music from 1934 until 1941. He served with the Royal Air Force during the First World War, during which he composed the Royal Air Force March Past, and was music adviser to the British Broadcasting Corporation, for whom he gave commended talks on music between 1924 and 1941.

Life and career

Early years

Henry Walford Davies was born in the Shropshire town of Oswestry. He was the seventh of nine children of John Whitridge Davies and Susan, née Gregory, and the youngest of four surviving sons.<ref name=dnb>Dibble, Jeremy. "Davies, Sir (Henry) Walford (1869–1941)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, online edition, January 2011, retrieved 6 December 2015 Template:ODNBsub</ref> His father, although an accountant by profession, was an amateur musician who founded and conducted a choral society at Oswestry and was choirmaster of Christ Church Congregational church: at which Walford was a chorister,<ref name=profile>"Dr Walford Davies", The Musical Times, June 1908, pp. 365–370 Template:Subscription required</ref><ref>Plaque on the wall of Christ Church, Oswestry, whose accompanying inscription includes "Born in 1869 in Willow Street, Oswestry, Walford Davies sang as a chorister in this church (where his father was organist) before moving to St George's, Windsor."</ref> and at which Walford's siblings, Charlie and Harold, later held the post of organist.<ref>Colles, p. 11</ref> Harold Davies was professor of music at the University of Adelaide from 1919 to 1947.<ref>"Professor Edward Harold Davies (1867-1947)", University of Adelaide, retrieved 10 December 2015</ref> In 1882 Walford was accepted as a chorister at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, by the organist, Sir George Elvey.<ref name=archive>Ley, H. G. "Davies, Sir (Henry) Walford (1869–1941)", Dictionary of National Biography Archive, Oxford University Press, online edition, January 2011, retrieved 10 December 2015 Template:ODNBsub</ref>

When his voice broke in 1885 Davies left the choir and later that year was appointed organist of the Royal Chapel of All Saints, Windsor Great Park and was secretary to Elvey's successor, Walter Parratt, and Dean (later Archbishop) Randall Davidson.<ref name=archive/> At this time British universities, including Cambridge, awarded "non-collegiate" music degrees to any applicant who could pass the necessary examinations.Template:Refn Davies entered for the Cambridge bachelor of music examinations in 1889, but his exercise (a cantata, The Future, to words by Matthew Arnold) failed.<ref>Colles, p. 21</ref> With the encouragement of Charles Villiers Stanford, professor of music at Cambridge, Davies made a second attempt; it was successful, and he graduated in 1891.<ref name=dnb/>

In 1890 Davies was awarded a scholarship in composition at the Royal College of Music (RCM), London, where he was a student until 1894.<ref name=who>"Davies, Sir (Henry) Walford", Who Was Who, online edition, Oxford University Press, 2014 Template:Subscription required</ref> His teachers there were Hubert Parry and (for a single term) Stanford for composition,<ref name=grove>Ottaway, Hugh and Lewis Foreman. "Davies, Sir Walford", Grove Music Online, Oxford University Press, retrieved 10 December 2015 Template:Subscription required</ref> and W. S. Rockstro (counterpoint), Herbert Sharpe (piano) and Haydn Inwards (violin). While still at the RCM he was organist of St George's Church, Campden Hill, for three months,<ref>Colles, p. 23</ref> and St Anne's Church, Soho for a year until 1891, when he resigned for health reasons.<ref name=archive/> In the following year was appointed organist of Christ Church, Hampstead; he remained there until 1897, holding the post in tandem for the last two years with an appointment from 1895 as teacher of counterpoint at the RCM in succession to Rockstro, a post that he held until 1903.<ref name=archive/> He considered resigning the post in 1896, when he failed the counterpoint paper in the Cambridge examinations for the degree of doctor of music; he was successful at his second attempt, and the doctorate was conferred in March 1898.<ref name=dnb/><ref>"University Intelligence", The Times, 11 March 1898, p. 11</ref>

File:Sir Walford and Lady Davies at Windsor Castle.jpg

Walford Davies in the ceremonial uniform of a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order with Lady Davies, Windsor Castle, Template:Circa

National reputation

In May 1898 Davies was appointed organist and director of the choir at the Temple Church in the City of London, a post he retained until 1923.<ref name=who/> With this appointment, in the view of his biographer, Jeremy Dibble, Davies began to be seen as a prominent figure in British musical life.<ref name=dnb/> As an organist he became well known both as a soloist and as a teacher – the most distinguished of his pupils being Leopold Stokowski.<ref name=dnb/> As a conductor he directed the London Church Choir Association (1901–13) and succeeded Stanford at the Bach Choir (1902–07).<ref name=profile/><ref name=who/>

As a composer Davies achieved his most substantial success in 1904, with his cantata Everyman, based on the 15th century morality play of the same name. His friend and biographer H. C. Colles wrote, "[T]he music itself was not like anything he had written before or would write again. Everyman was tumultuously received, and in the next few years given by every choral society in the country which aimed at a standard of firstrateness."<ref name=mt>Colles, H. C. "Walford Davies", Music & Letters, July 1941, pp. 199–207 Template:Subscription required</ref> The work was also given in Australia and the US.<ref name=mt/><ref>"Musical Notes", The Register, 24 August 1925, p. 11</ref>

During the First World War Davies joined the Committee for Music in War Time under Parry's chairmanship,<ref>Davies, Walford. "Mobilized Music", The Times, 17 June 1915, p. 9</ref> organised concerts for the troops in France and musical events for the Fight for Right movement.<ref name=dnb/> In 1918 he was appointed director of music of the Royal Air Force, with the rank of major.<ref name=who/> He established the RAF School of Music (attached to the Guildhall School of Music) and two RAF bands, and composed the "Royal Air Force March Past", to which a slow "trio" section was later added by his successor, Major George Dyson.<ref>"A Brief History of RAF Music Services" Template:Webarchive, Royal Air Force, retrieved 10 December 2015</ref> Since 1930 Walford Davies' "Solemn Melody" has been one of the permanent selection of national airs and mourning music performed on Remembrance Sunday at The Cenotaph, Whitehall.<ref>Richards, Jeffrey, Imperialism and Music: Britain, 1876-1953 (via archive.org: free registration needed.} (Manchester University Press, 2001), 155-156</ref>

1919–41

Walford Davies (left) in about 1932 with fellow musicians Sir Hugh Allen (centre) and Cyril Rootham (right)

In 1919 Davies accepted the professorship of music at University College, Aberystwyth, together with the post of director of music for the University of Wales and chairman of the National Council of Music.<ref>Colles, pp. 117–118</ref> Here, in the words of his biographer Henry Ley, he "laboured unceasingly for the musical enlightenment of the principality",<ref name=archive/> and in 1922 he was knighted in David Lloyd George's resignation honours.<ref>"Resignation Honours – Four New Peers – Music Knighthoods", The Times, 11 November 1922, p. 14</ref>

In 1924 he gave the Cramb lectures at the University of Glasgow, gave his first broadcast talk for the BBC, and was appointed Gresham professor of music at the University of London.<ref name=archive/> In the same year, at the age of fifty-four, he married (Constance) Margaret Isabel Evans (1898–1984), daughter of the Rev William Evans, Rector of Narberth, Pembrokeshire; she was his junior by twenty-eight years.<ref name=dnb/><ref name=dwb>Template:Cite web</ref>

Davies wrote "God Be in My Head"<ref name=Mercury/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and several other pieces at Witham Hall, which was the home of a friend.<ref name=Mercury>P. S. and B. Lyons and Witham Hall, Lincoln, Rutland & Stamford Mercury, Friday, February 8, 1985</ref> Davies was the godfather of Bridget Lyons, who was the daughter of James W. Webb-Jones of St George's School, Windsor Castle,<ref name=VCSb>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=WhosWho>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=Wridgway1980>Template:Cite book</ref> and the wife of the chorister Peter Stanley Lyons, who was subsequently the headmaster of Witham Hall School.<ref name=Mercury/>

Davies resigned his professorship at Aberystwyth in 1926, when he was appointed by the BBC as a music adviser,<ref name=dnb/> but he remained chairman of the National Council of Music until his death.<ref name=grove/> He was from 1927 to 1932 organist and director of St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.<ref name=dnb/>

Davies's BBC broadcast in April 1924 was the first of many he made between then and 1941. He became well known for his programmes "Music and the Ordinary Listener" (1926–9), his wartime broadcasts for children (1939–41), and "Everyman's Music" (1940–41).<ref name=dnb/> The Musical Times called him "one of the world's first great broadcasters"; The Times, in an obituary tribute said: Template:Blockquote Colles wrote that Davies's regular listeners felt a proprietorial interest in him, recording one of them as remarking, "He always seemed to come right into the room with us."<ref name=mt/>

On the death of Sir Edward Elgar in 1934, Davies was appointed to succeed him as Master of the King's Music.Template:Refn As musical adviser to the BBC Davies moved from London to Bristol when the BBC Symphony Orchestra and the corporation's music administration moved there on the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939.<ref name=archive/>

Davies died at Wrington, near Bristol, on 11 March 1941, and his ashes were interred in the graveyard of Bristol Cathedral.<ref name=archive/>

Compositions

(Incomplete list)

Hymn Tunes

• Temple for the hymn 'O King enthroned on high' by John Brownlie (hymnist) 1857-1925 (New English Hymnal #421).
• Oswald's Tree (Oswestry, his place of birth) for the hymn 'Great Shepherd of they people, hear' by John Newton 1725-1807 (Hymns Ancient & Modern New Standard #164).

Notes, references and sources

Sources

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External links

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