Wareham, Dorset
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Wareham (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell) is an historic market town and, under the name Wareham Town, a civil parish, in the English county of Dorset. The town is situated on the River Frome Template:Convert southwest of Poole.
Situation and geography
The town is built on a strategic dry point between the River Frome and the River Piddle at the head of the Wareham Channel of Poole Harbour. The Frome Valley runs through an area of unresistant sand, clay and gravel rocks, and much of its valley has wide flood plains and marsh land. At its estuary the river has formed the wide shallow ria of Poole Harbour. Wareham is built on a low dry island between the marshy river plains.
The town is situated on the A351 road Lytchett Minster-Swanage road. Wareham is also the eastern terminus of the A352 road to Dorchester, both roads now bypassing the town centre. Wareham railway station is on the South West Main Line railway, and was formerly the junction station for services along the branch line to Swanage, now preserved as the Swanage Railway. The steam railway has ambitions to extend its service into Wareham from its current terminus at Norden, near Corfe Castle.
To the north west of the town a large conifer plantation, Wareham Forest stretches several miles to the A35 road and the southern foothills of the Dorset Downs. To the south east is Corfe Castle and the heathland that borders Poole Harbour, including Wytch Farm oil field and Studland & Godlingstone Heath nature reserve. About Template:Convert to the south is a chalk ridge, the Purbeck Hills which faces the Isle of Wight to the east, and Template:Convert to the south is the English Channel.
History
The town's strategic setting has made it an important settlement throughout its long history. Excavations at the nearby Bestwall site have produced evidence of transient early Mesolithic activity dating to around 9000 BCE. At the same site four large Neolithic pits containing worked flint and pottery fragments dating to 3700 BCE were found. Three green stone axeheads discovered also probably date to this period. Flint working and potting continued throughout the Bronze Age. The first house discovered dates to the mid 15th century BCE.<ref name="britarch_bestwall">Template:Cite journal</ref>
Archaeological evidence exists of a small Roman settlement, though the current town was founded by the Saxons.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> The Roman name is unknown, but the town is referred to as Werham in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle entry of 784, from Old English wer (meaning 'fish trap, a weir') and hām ('homestead') or hamm ('enclosure hemmed in by water').<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
The town's oldest features are the town walls, ancient earth ramparts surrounding the town, likely built by Alfred the Great in the 9th century to defend the town from the Danes<ref name="Davis 1997 14">Template:Harvnb</ref> as part of his system of burh towns. The Danes invaded and occupied Wareham in 876, and only left after Alfred returned with an army and made a payment of Danegeld. In 998 they attacked again, and in 1015 an invasion led by King Canute left the town in ruins.<ref name="Davis 1997 15">Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The town was a Saxon royal burial place, notably that of King Beorhtric (d. 802). Also in the town at the ancient minster church of Lady St. Mary is the coffin said to be that of Edward the Martyr, dating from 978. His remains had been hastily buried there and were later taken from Wareham to Shaftesbury Abbey in north Dorset (and now lie in Brookwood Cemetery, Surrey).
By the end of the Saxon period, Wareham had become one of the most important towns in the county, to the extent that it housed two mints for the issue of Royal money.<ref name="wtc">Template:Cite web</ref> The Burghal Hidage lists the town as 1,600 hides, the third largest in the realm.<ref name="Davis 1997 14" /> During the Norman conquest of England, in late 1067, William I harried the town as his army passed into the west to lay siege to Exeter.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The Normans later built a castle on the banks of the River Frome, at a site acquired from the Abbot of Shaftesbury and now known as Castle Close, which became the focus of much fighting between the forces of Stephen and Matilda during the period of civil war in the mid 12th century.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The keep was destroyed at an unknown date in the 12th or 13th century, possibly under the terms of the Treaty of Wallingford,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and no visible trace remains. Up until this time Wareham had been an important port; however the growth of Poole and the gradual silting of the river caused a decline in trade and by the end of the 13th century most of the foreign trade had transferred to Poole. Local trade continued to be handled at the Quay until the construction of the railway in the 19th century.<ref name="wtc" /><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref>
During the English Civil War, Wareham changed hands several times between the Royalists and Parliamentarians and in August 1644 was the site of a fierce battle with 2,000 Cromwellian soldiers besieging the town.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref>
After the Monmouth Rebellion of 1685, Wareham was one of a number of towns in Dorset where Judge Jeffreys held the Bloody Assizes, with five rebels being hanged, drawn and quartered on the West Walls, an area known as 'Bloody Bank'.<ref name="lilianladle_1986">Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> This may also have been the site of the execution of a hermit known as Peter de Pomfret who in 1213 had prophesied that before the next Ascension Day King John's rule would be over. The prophecy turned out to be incorrect, and the King decreed that Peter should be dragged through the streets of the town tied to a horse's tail and hanged together with his son.<ref name="lilianladle_1986" />
In 1762, a fire destroyed two thirds of the town, which has been rebuilt in Georgian architecture with red brick and Purbeck limestone, following the earlier street pattern. The town is divided into four quarters by the two main roads, which cross at right-angles. The medieval almshouses escaped the fire, and some of the Georgian façades are in fact disguising earlier buildings which also survived.
With the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, Wareham became a garrison town with up to 7,000 soldiers living and training locally. The garrison was re-located to nearby Bovington Camp in 1922.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> The town survived the Second World War largely intact, although five houses were destroyed when a bomb dropped by a German aeroplane fell near St Martin's Church in 1942.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref>
Because of the constraints of the rivers and marshland Wareham grew little during the 20th century, while nearby towns, such as Poole, grew rapidly.
Religious sites
Wareham's oldest places of worship include the Saxon church of Lady St. Mary (substantially modified but the origins are pre-conquest.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> The Saxon nave was demolished in 1841–2)
St. Martins-on-the-Walls is also Saxon (built Template:Circa, dedicated to Martin of Tours). Both are Anglican.
The 14th-century building of Holy Trinity Church stands on the site of the Saxon chapel St Andrew's<ref name="Davis 1997 15" /> and was until 2012 a tourist information centre. Other churches are the Wareham United Reformed Church in Church Street, St. Edward the Martyr Roman Catholic church on Shatters Hill, Wareham Methodist Church in North St. and the Evangelical Church in Ropers Lane. Sections of the churchyard of Lady St. Mary are managed by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, containing as it does a number of graves of servicemen who died in a nearby military hospital during the First World War and others, including those of German and Polish servicemen, from the Second World War.
Government
The civil parish of Wareham Town encompasses the walled town of Wareham, situated on the land between the rivers Frome and Piddle, together with the area of Northport to the north of the River Piddle, and a relatively small amount of the surrounding rural area. The parish has an area of Template:Convert.<ref name="mapdat">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=parsta>Template:Cite web</ref>
Wareham is in the Dorset unitary district within the ceremonial county of Dorset. For elections to Dorset Council, it is in Wareham ward. Historically, Wareham was an ancient borough and then a municipal borough from 1886 to 1974, when it became part of Purbeck District until Dorset became a unitary district in 2019.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Wareham is within the Mid Dorset and North Poole constituency of the House of Commons. From the Middle Ages to 1885 Wareham was the seat of a parliamentary borough of the same name.
Culture and Media
Wareham is twinned with Conches-en-Ouche in Normandy, France and with Hemsbach in Germany.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Since the 16th century Wareham has been a market town,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and still holds a market on Thursdays and Saturdays. In 2005 Wareham was named as a Fairtrade Town.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Events held in the town include the annual carnival which takes place in July with a parade, fireworks and music by the quay.<ref name="wtcabout">Template:Cite web</ref> A new event is the music festival held in summer, with bands playing on the Quay, at Wareham Town Hall and in the town's pubs.<ref name="wtcabout" /> The Wareham Court Leet, one of the few remaining Court Leets in Britain, meets nightly during the last week in November.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In the church of St Martin-on-the-Walls, there is a recumbent effigy of T. E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia) in Arab clothing, sculpted by Eric Kennington. Lawrence is buried in the churchyard at Moreton where every year a quantity (decreases by one each year) of red roses are left. Near the town is Clouds Hill and Bovington army camp where Lawrence died after a motorbike accident. Wareham Town Museum, in East Street, has an interesting section on Lawrence and in 2006 produced an hour-long DVD entitled T. E. Lawrence — His Final Years in Dorset, including a reconstruction of the fatal accident. The museum also contains many artefacts on all aspects of the history of the town.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
The Royal Air Force Air Cadets has an Air Training Corps squadron based in the town, namely 2185 (Wareham) Squadron ATC. The squadron's cadets regularly partake in activities around the town for charitable purposes such as supporting the carnival, training exercises and parades. The squadron has a Detached Flight based at Swanage.
Local news and television programmes is provided by BBC South and ITV Meridian. Television signals are received from the Rowridge transmitting station.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The local radio stations are BBC Radio Solent, Heart South, Greatest Hits Radio South, Nation Radio South Coast and Greatest Hits Radio South.
The Wareham Advertiser is the town's local weekly newspaper.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Cultural references
Thomas Hardy in his novels based the town of "Anglebury" on Wareham.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Dinah Craik used the town as one of the settings in her novel Agatha's Husband (as "Kingcombe").<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> Anglebury House - a tea house/restaurant still operating on the high street - was frequented by T E Lawrence. The seat where Lawrence regularly sat is marked by a plaque.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Wareham is the setting for one of the "Amazing Adventures of Scary Bones the Skeleton" series of books for children by Ron Dawson, Scary Bones meets the Wacky Witches of Wareham. The book also includes a photograph of the town bridge and nearby Corfe Castle which also features in the story.
Some scenes from the 2002 German ZDF TV production Morgen Träumen Wir Gemeinsam ("Tomorrow We Dream Together") were filmed in Wareham.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The hymn tune "Wareham" was composed by William Knapp (born at Wareham, 1698–9); Knapp composed several other hymn tunes and was parish clerk of Poole.<ref>Rowe, Lionel (c. 1960) The Churches of Wareham, Dorset; 9th ed. Gloucester: British Publishing Company; p. 19</ref>
Wareham appears in the 2020 video game Assassin's Creed Valhalla, under the name of Werham.
Sport
Wareham is the home of Wareham Rangers Football Club who currently play in the Dorset Premier League. It is also the home of Swanage and Wareham RFU. There is a multi activity sports centre and swimming pool situated 500 metres west of the town centre.
Twin towns
Template:See also Wareham is twinned with:
- Conches-en-Ouche, France<ref name="Archant twinning 3">Template:Cite web</ref>
- Hemsbach, Germany
Notable people
- John Hutchins - Rector of Wareham, 1743–73; Author of The History & Antiquities of the County of Dorset. Lived in Wareham from 1744 until his death in 1773. Buried in the town at the church of Lady St. Mary.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Edwin Keppel Bennett - Writer, poet, Germanist and academic. Born in Wareham in 1887.
- Shelley Preston - British singer and member of pop group Bucks Fizz grew up in Wareham and attended The Purbeck School.
- T. E. Lawrence lived at nearby Clouds Hill and was a frequent visitor to the town in the latter years of his life.<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore</ref>
- David Mellor - British politician, born in Wareham in 1949.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Actor Edward Fox lives locally and in 2010 campaigned against the building of a supermarket on the outskirts of the town.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Chad Gould lived here throughout his childhood.
- Ex-footballer David Best (footballer) was born in Wareham.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Dougal Dixon - geologist, palaeontologist, and author, resident since 1978.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Demography
| Census | Population | Female | Male | Households | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1921 | 1,933 | <ref name="wikidata-eb18d79a9fd3bb702bc7b84fcdea3e4defad0bb4-v18"/> | |||
| 1931 | 2,366 | <ref name="wikidata-eb18d79a9fd3bb702bc7b84fcdea3e4defad0bb4-v18"/> | |||
| 1951 | 2,745 | <ref name="wikidata-eb18d79a9fd3bb702bc7b84fcdea3e4defad0bb4-v18"/> | |||
| 1961 | 3,098 | <ref name="wikidata-eb18d79a9fd3bb702bc7b84fcdea3e4defad0bb4-v18"/> | |||
| 1971 | 4,370 | <ref name="wikidata-eb18d79a9fd3bb702bc7b84fcdea3e4defad0bb4-v18"/> | |||
| 1981 | 4,580 | <ref name="wikidata-eb18d79a9fd3bb702bc7b84fcdea3e4defad0bb4-v18"/> | |||
| 1991 | 5,620 | <ref name="wikidata-eb18d79a9fd3bb702bc7b84fcdea3e4defad0bb4-v18">Template:Cite web</ref> | |||
| 2001 | 5,665 | 2,965 | 2,700 | 2,545 | <ref name="wikidata-a08218995ada6ed07e35f13524a292a4b6851935-v18">Template:Cite web</ref> |
| 2011 | 5,496 | 2,933 | 2,563 | 2,557 | <ref name="wikidata-23d93403bbd510e3eaf857bb0207b766770d8bc9-v18">Template:Cite web</ref> |
| 2021 | 5,877 | 3,128 | 2,749 | 2,749 | <ref name="wikidata-1777794f031f3bb865bc1ba87bbd53bc9876131c-v18">Template:Cite web</ref> |
At the 2001 UK census, 99% of Wareham's population were of White ethnicity.<ref name="dcc_census_profile2005" /> There was a high proportion of older people in the town: 29.4% of the population are over 60 years old, against a national average of 21%.<ref name="dcc_census_profile2005" /> The largest industry of employment for those who live in Wareham was manufacturing which employs 16.3%. Three other significant areas of employment were: wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles (13.5%), real estate renting and business activities (12.2%) and health and social work (10.5%).<ref name="dcc_census_profile2005" />
| Religion | %<ref name="census2001keyfigures">Template:Cite web</ref> |
|---|---|
| Buddhist | 0.21 |
| Christian | 80.33 |
| Hindu | 0.0 |
| Jewish | 0.07 |
| Muslim | 0.32 |
| No religion | 12.24 |
| Other | 0.25 |
| Sikh | 0.0 |
| Not stated | 6.59 |
| Age | Percentage<ref name="dcc_census_profile2005">Template:Cite web</ref> |
|---|---|
| 0–15 | 15.4 |
| 16–17 | 2.5 |
| 18–44 | 29.3 |
| 45–59 | 23.4 |
| 60–84 | 26.4 |
| 85+ | 3.0 |
See also
References
Citations
Sources
External links
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