Wellesley, Massachusetts

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Wellesley (Template:IPAc-en) is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. Wellesley is part of the Greater Boston metropolitan area. The population was 29,550 at the time of the 2020 census.<ref name="2020census"/> Wellesley College, Babson College, and a campus of Massachusetts Bay Community College are located in the town.

History

Wellesley was settled in the 1600s as part of Dedham, Massachusetts. It was subsequently a part of Needham, Massachusetts called West Needham, Massachusetts. On October 23, 1880, West Needham residents voted to secede from Needham, and the town of Wellesley was later christened by the Massachusetts legislature on April 6, 1881. The town was named after the estate "Wellesley" of local benefactor Horatio Hollis Hunnewell.<ref name="wickedlocal.com2">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Wellesley's population grew by over 80 percent around the 1920s.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Geography

Wellesley is located in eastern Massachusetts. It is bordered on the east by Newton, on the north by Weston, on the south by Needham and Dover and on the west by Natick. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert is water.<ref name="GR2" />

Neighborhoods

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  • Wellesley Farms<ref name="WELLESLEY NEIGHBORHOODS">Template:Cite web</ref>
  • The Fells<ref name="WELLESLEY NEIGHBORHOODS"/>
  • Wellesley Hills<ref name="WELLESLEY NEIGHBORHOODS"/> (02481)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Wellesley Square<ref name="WELLESLEY NEIGHBORHOODS"/> (02482)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Poets' Corner<ref name="WELLESLEY NEIGHBORHOODS"/>
  • Babson Park<ref name="WELLESLEY NEIGHBORHOODS"/> (02457)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Peirce Estates<ref name="WELLESLEY NEIGHBORHOODS"/>
  • College Heights<ref name="WELLESLEY NEIGHBORHOODS"/>
  • Wellesley Lower Falls<ref name="WELLESLEY NEIGHBORHOODS"/>
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Climate

Wellesley has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb under the Köppen climate classification system), with high humidity and precipitation year-round. Template:Weather box

Demographics

Template:See also Template:Historical populations The Census Bureau has also defined the town as a census-designated place with an area exactly equivalent to the town.<ref name="GR2" />

As of the census of 2000, there were 26,613 people, 8,594 households, and 6,540 families residing in the town. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 8,861 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. According to a 2007 Census Bureau estimate, the racial makeup of the town was 84.6% White, 10.0% Asian, 2.2% Black, 0.01% Native American, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.4% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.4% of the population.<ref name="GR2" />

There were 8,594 households, out of which 39.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.2% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.9% were non-families. 20.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.14.<ref name="GR2" />

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.1% under the age of 18, 13.9% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 77.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.1 males.<ref name="GR2" />

The median income for a household was $159,167, and the median income for a family was $186,518. The per capita income in the town was $72,046.<ref name="ReferenceA">Massachusetts locations by per capita income</ref> About 2.4% of families and 3.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.0% of those under age 18 and 2.1% of those age 65 or over.<ref name="GR2" />

In 2025 Wellesley was listed as the tenth most wealthy suburb in America.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Economy

Wellesley is home to the headquarters of many local, national and global businesses including Benchmark Senior Living, Blank Label Apparel, Eagle Investment Systems, EPG Incorporated, GrandBanks Capital, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Livingston and Haynes PC, and Sun Life Financial U.S.

Top employers

According to Wellesley's 2023 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<ref>City of Wellesley CAFR</ref> the top employers in the city are:

# Employer # of employees
1 Sun Life Financial 1,209
2 Wellesley College 1,172
3 Babson College 961
4 Harvard Pilgrim Health Care 434
5 Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates 351
6 Massachusetts Bay Community College 287
7 Dana Hall School 269
8 Whole Foods 241
9 Wellesley Country Club 227
10 Roche Bros. 222

Arts and culture

Historic district

The town designated Cottage Street and its nearby alleys as the historic district in its zoning plan. Most houses in this district were built around the 1860s and qualify as protected buildings certified by the town's historic commission.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Recent construction

The town's historic 19th-century inn was demolished to make way for condominiums and mixed-use development in 2006.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Wellesley Country Club clubhouse, which is the building where the town was founded, was demolished in 2008, and a new clubhouse was built.<ref name="wickedlocal.com2" /> The town's pre-World War II high school building was torn down and replaced with a brand new high school finished in 2012.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The entire 1960s-style Linden Street strip-mall has been replaced by "Linden Square"—a shopping district that includes a flagship Roche Bros. supermarket, restaurants, cafes, clothing stores, along with a mixture of national chains and local shops.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Library

Wellesley opened its new Free Library building in 2003, which is part of the Minuteman Library Network. Due to the structure of budget override votes and perhaps the size of the new main branch of the library, the two branch libraries—one in Wellesley Hills, which was purpose-built to be a branch library in the 1920s, another in Wellesley Fells—closed in the summer of 2006. The branch libraries reopened in September 2008.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The main library branch near Wellesley Square underwent a major interior renovation in 2021.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Government

Central Street in Wellesley Square, looking west

The town was governed through an open town meeting after it was incorporated. In 1933, citizens approved a ballot question to adopt a representative town meeting government, dividing the town into four precincts with 60 representatives each. The new form of government came into effect in 1934.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In 2016, citizens rejected a ballot question to adopt a Selectmen-Manager government.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The town is part of the Massachusetts Senate's Norfolk, Bristol and Middlesex district.

In 2010 Wellesley's Sustainable Energy Committee (SEC) was formed by Town Meeting. The committee's primary objective was a 10% town-wide reduction in Wellesley's carbon footprint and 20% reduction in carbon footprint for all municipal departments by the end of 2013. In 2014 Town Meeting voted to support a new goal of 25% reduction by 2020 using 2007 as the base year. The committee is responsible for Wellesley's adoption of the Massachusetts Stretch Building Code approved by Town Meeting effective January 2012.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Education

Template:Multiple image The school system also contains a middle school and seven elementary schools (Bates, Upham, Schofield, Fiske, Hardy, Hunnewell, and Sprague). Wellesley includes a primary and secondary school which are Wellesley Middle School (also known as Wellesley Junior High) and Wellesley High School, respectively; and are the home of the Raiders. Template:Citation needed

The town contains a private elementary school, Tenacre Country Day School, one private Catholic elementary school (St. John the Evangelist) and a preparatory school for girls, Dana Hall School. Also, the Wellesley A Better Chance outfit started in the early 1970s brings promising young women from underserved areas into town to attend Wellesley High School and live nearby.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Wellesley also contains the main campus of three colleges: Wellesley College, a women's liberal arts college, Massachusetts Bay Community College, a two-year public college, and Babson, a business college.

In 2024, Upham was officially closed following the rebuilds of Hunnewell and Hardy.

Media

Events of significance to members of the Wellesley community are recorded in two local news publications: The Wellesley Townsman<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> has been published since 1906, and The Swellesley Report since 2005. Both are available online and digitized copies of the paper-based Townsman are available from the Wellesley Free Library.

Infrastructure

Transportation

Commuter Rail train at Wellesley Hills

Wellesley has had rail service to Boston since 1833. Rail service is currently provided through Wellesley's participation in the MBTA, which offers a total of 17 weekdays Commuter Rail trains inbound towards Boston and outbound towards Framingham and Worcester. Wellesley's stations are (east to west) Wellesley Farms, Wellesley Hills, and Wellesley Square. The Wellesley Farms station is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. MWRTA bus service also runs along Walnut Street, Cedar Street, and Route 9.

The highways Interstate 95/Massachusetts Route 128, Massachusetts Route 9, Massachusetts route 16 (as Washington Street) and Massachusetts route 135 run through Wellesley.

Municipal light plant

Wellesley is serviced by the Wellesley Municipal Light Plant. The three colleges voluntarily pay a premium to purchase electricity generated by wind power.

In 2012, Wellesley was designated a Green Power Community by the United States Environmental Protection Agency.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Notable people

References

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