White House Rose Garden
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The White House Rose Garden is a garden bordering the Oval Office and the West Wing of the White House in Washington, D.C., United States. The area is approximately 125 feet long and 60 feet wide (Template:Convert by Template:Convert, or about 684 m2). It is adjacent to the South Lawn and is commonly used as a stage for receptions and media events due to its proximity to the building.
Design and horticulture
History
Prior to 1902, the area of the present-day Oval Office, Cabinet Room, and Rose Garden contained extensive stables housing horses and coaches. There was also a conservatory rose house in the area. During the 1902 Roosevelt renovation of the White House, First Lady Edith Roosevelt established a "proper colonial garden" in place of the conservatory.<ref name="VF"/>
The White House Rose Garden was established in 1913 by Ellen Louise Axson Wilson, wife of Woodrow Wilson, and designed by landscape architect George Burnap.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=rose>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt commissioned Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. to redesign the garden, and he installed cast iron furniture pieces.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Renovations performed in 1961
In 1961, during the John F. Kennedy administration, the garden was largely redesigned by Rachel Lambert Mellon<ref name="VF">Template:Cite news</ref> concurrently with extensive repair work to the East Garden. Mellon created a space with a more defined central lawn, bordered by flower beds that were planted in a French formal garden style while largely using American botanical specimens. Although individual plantings are changed frequently according to the wishes of the incumbent administration, until 2020 the garden followed the same layout first established by Mellon, where each flower bed was planted with a series of pale pink 'Katherine' crabapples and Littleleaf lindens bordered by low diamond-shaped hedges of thyme. (The 'Katherine' crabapples were replaced in 2019 with a white-flowering variety called Spring Snow, which did not do well.<ref name = Owen/>) Additionally, the outer edges to the flower bed which faced the central lawn were edged with boxwood, and each of the four corners to the garden were punctuated by Magnolia × soulangeana; specifically, obtaining specimens that were found growing along the banks of the Tidal Basin by Mellon.<ref name="VF"/> Mellon tasked White House Head Gardener Irvin Williams with planting the trees. Initially blocked from doing so by the National Park Service, Williams secretly removed and transported the trees from the Basin to the White House under cover of night.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Ever since then, roses have served as the primary flowering plants in the garden, including large numbers of 'Queen Elizabeth' grandiflora roses, along with the hybrid tea roses 'Pascali', 'Pat Nixon', and 'King's Ransom'. A shrub rose, 'Nevada', also served to add a cool note of white coloration to the landscaping. Seasonal flowers are further interspersed to add nearly year-round color and variety to the garden. Some of the Spring blooming bulbs planted in the Rose Garden include jonquil, daffodil, fritillaria, grape hyacinth, tulips, chionodoxa and squill. Summer blooming annuals are changed on a near yearly basis. In the fall, chrysanthemum and flowering kale bring color leading all the way up until the early winter days.Template:Citation needed
Renovations performed in 2020
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First Lady Melania Trump commissioned an August 2020 renovation of the garden by Oehme, van Sweden and Perry Guillot. In the flower beds, white and pale pink rose bushes are intermixed with seasonal bulbs and annuals, including the Pope John Paul II Rose in honor of the first time a pope visited the White House in 1979.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A new limestone walk, Template:Convert wide to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act, was laid around the borders of the garden.<ref name = Owen/> The crabapple trees, added during the Kennedy redesign, were relocated elsewhere on the White House grounds as the newer trees were failing to thrive.<ref name= Hosken/>
Presidential historian Michael Beschloss<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> opined that the renovation was an "evisceration" of the Rose Garden, and that "decades of American history [was] made to disappear." Vogue reported that many Twitter users described the renovation as "sterile, bland, and devoid of any joy".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Washington Post, however, stated that the renovation was "long overdue" and noted several problems with the Rose Garden's pre-renovation landscaping, including a poorly-drained lawn which required annual replacement, the die-off of multiple rose bushes "to the point where only a dozen or so remained", and the parterres' susceptibility to boxwood blight.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
White House interior designer and Grounds Committee member Thammanoune Kannalikham described the decision as a "collective" one, made “by the entire team to respond to the changed environment of the garden ... It allows the roses to thrive (having increased in quantity from 19 to over 200), while bringing in the greater narrative of the colonnade into the design of the garden."<ref name="Owen">Template:Cite news</ref>
The abstract sculpture Floor Frame by Isamu Noguchi is displayed under a magnolia tree in the Rose Garden. It was unveiled by Melania Trump and Stewart McLaurin, the director of the White House Historical Association in November 2020.<ref name="NYT20">Template:Cite news</ref> It was the first art work by an Asian American artist to enter the official collection of the White House.<ref name="CNN">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="WHHA">Template:Cite web</ref>
Renovations performed in 2025
In 2025, Donald Trump ordered that the grass of the garden be replaced with a patio.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> Stone tiles were laid in a diamond pattern in July of that year.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The patio stone was sourced from Indiana limestone quarries.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Solar-powered in-ground lighting was also added along the new patio, which some praised as eco-conscious but others criticized as disrupting the historical atmosphere.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
At the first event held in the renovated Rose Garden on September 5, 2025, President Trump declared, "We call it the Rose Garden Club. And it’s a club for senators, for congresspeople and for people in Washington, and frankly, people that can bring peace and success to our country."<ref>"Trump Welcomes GOP Lawmakers To 'Rose Garden Club' In Newly Paved White House Space," Associate Press, Sept. 5, 2025. Retrieved Sept. 24, 2025.</ref>
A bronze statue of George Washington made from a cast of a marble sculpture by Jean-Antoine Houdon, formerly displayed at the Washington Monument, was moved to the far side of the Rose Garden in October 2025.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Official and informal use
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Beginning with the establishment of the garden in the early twentieth century, the Rose Garden has been used for events. President Wilson met there with the press for informal questions. President Herbert Hoover began a tradition of welcoming and being photographed with prominent citizens there. Calvin Coolidge used the garden for making public announcements about policy and staffing decisions. President John F. Kennedy welcomed Project Mercury astronauts in the garden. Many presidential news conferences take place in the garden, as well as occasional White House dinners and ceremonies. Joint news conferences with the president and a visiting head of state have been held in the Rose Garden. The wedding of President Richard Nixon's daughter Tricia to Edward F. Cox took place in the Rose Garden in 1971. On July 25, 1994, a declaration of peace between Israel and Jordan was signed in the Rose Garden. Presidents frequently host American Olympic and major league athletes in the Rose Garden after winning in their respective sport. George W. Bush welcomed the Stanley Cup champion Carolina Hurricanes to the Rose Garden after their victory in 2006. In August 2020, First Lady Melania Trump gave a speech for the second night of the 2020 Republican National Convention in the Rose Garden before an audience of 70 people.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Although the Rose Garden is used frequently to greet distinguished visitors and for special ceremonies and public statements, the contemplative setting is often a very personal and private place for the president.Template:Cn
On September 26, 2020, President Donald Trump announced his Supreme Court nomination of Amy Coney Barrett in a ceremony in the Rose Garden before an audience of top Washington officials, other dignitaries, and family members.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Following the event, several attendees tested positive for COVID-19, including Trump himself.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Rose Garden strategy
Template:See also The phrase "Rose Garden strategy" refers to staying inside or on the grounds of the White House, as opposed to traveling throughout the country.<ref>Rose Garden campaign from politicaldictionary.com</ref> For example, Jimmy Carter's initial efforts to end the Iran hostage crisis (1979–1981) were a Rose Garden strategy because he mostly held discussions with his close advisers in the White House rather than traveling to elicit public support.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Four years earlier, Carter had accused Gerald Ford of the same strategy and said that President Ford was using White House actions to garner free publicity while as challenger, Carter had to struggle for press coverage.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
References
Further reading
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