William Bullock (collector)
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William Bullock (Template:Circa – 7 March 1849) was an English traveller, natural history specimen collector, showman, and antiquarian. He established what was called Bullock's Museum, first in Liverpool which he then moved to London. He established Egyptian Hall where he held popular exhibitions. His collections were publicly auctioned in 1819. A few animal species were described on the basis of specimens from his collection. These include the birds Merops bulocki and Bullock's oriole Icterus bullockii (named after him and his namesake son).<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Life
Little is known of Bullock's early life. He came from a family that held travelling shows of waxworks.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite journal</ref> He had at least three brothers of whom George was particularly close. George was a sculptor, cabinetmaker and mason who died in 1818 while working on furnishing the home of Sir Water Scott. William began as a goldsmith and jeweller in Birmingham. From 1790s to 1891 he ran a home museum in Sheffield. By 1795, Bullock was in Liverpool, where he founded a Museum of Natural Curiosities at 24 Lord Street. While still trading as a jeweller and goldsmith, in 1801, he published a descriptive catalogue (Companion to Bullock's Museum) of the works of art, armoury, objects of natural history, and other curiosities in the collection, some of which had been brought back by members of James Cook's expeditions.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> He was supplying animals both live and preserved to Edward Smith-Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby. In 1809, Bullock moved to London and the collection, housed first at 22 Piccadilly and in 1812 in the newly built Piccadilly Egyptian Hall, proved extremely popular. In 1816 his financial situation improved when he purchased Napoleon's carriage which was captured in Waterloo. He exhibited it in the hall along with paintings and materials which became a major attraction earning him £35000. With this he was able to create a new Roman Gallery.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> His collections, which included over 32,000 items, were disposed of by auction in 1819.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Some of these specimens were acquired and are held at the Royal Scottish Museum.Template:Sfn
In 1810, Bullock figured briefly in a law case concerning Sarah Baartman, a Khoikhoi woman brought to England for purposes of exhibition as the "Hottentot Venus". Bullock had been approached by Alexander Dunlop, the army surgeon responsible for Baartman's arrival in England, but had declined to be involved in the proposed show.<ref>The Times, 26 November 1810, p. 3</ref>
In 1821 Bullock and his namesake son collected specimens from northern Scandinavia, hiring also a Saami family and their reindeer which they exhibited in 1822 at the Egyptian hall. It had a panoramic backdrop painted and a with two huts made of reindeer skins. The reindeer were held in a pen and the public could touch them.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
In 1822, Bullock went to Mexico where he became involved in silver mine speculation. He brought back many artefacts and specimens which formed a new exhibition in the Egyptian Hall. On his return from Mexico he wrote Six months in Mexico (1824). He made a second visit to Mexico along with his son William,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> and to the United States in 1827.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Bullock bought land on the bank of the Ohio River from Thomas D. Carneal where he proposed to build a utopian community named Hygeia (a Greek word meaning health) laid out by John Buonarotti Papworth. The speculation was not a success, although some people, including Frances Trollope, took part; Bullock sold the land to Israel Ludlow, Jr. in 1846.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Bullock was back in London by 1843 and died there at 14 Harley Terrace, Chelsea. He was buried in a now lost vault at St Mary's Church, Chelsea, on 16 March 1849.Template:Sfn Bullock's first wife died in 1801 and they had a son William and daughter Anne Elizabeth (born 1800).<ref>Template:Cite newspaper</ref>
Bullock was elected a fellow of the Linnean in 1810 despite opposition from William E. Leach who considered him more of a showman than a naturalist.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite journal</ref> He also became a fellow of the Horticultural, Geological, Wernerian, and other learned societies, and published several pamphlets on natural history.Template:Sfn
Works
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- A Companion to the Liverpool Museum, containing a brief description of ... natural & foreign curiosities, antiquities & productions of the fine arts, open for public inspection ... at the house of William Bullock, Church Street. Liverpool: T. Schofield, printer, ca. 1801., numerous editions. (1809 edition)
- A concise and easy method of preserving objects of natural history: intended for the use of sportsmen, travellers, and others; to enable them to prepare and preserve such curious and rare articles. London: printed for the proprietor, 1818. 2. Ed.
- Six months' residence and travels in Mexico; containing remarks on the present state of New Spain, its natural productions, state of society, manufactures, trade, agriculture, and antiquities, &c.. London: John Murray, 1824.
- Sechs Monate in Mexiko oder Bemerkungen über den gegenwärtigen Zustand Neu-Spaniens von W. Bullock. Aus dem Engl. übers. von Friedrich Schott. Dresden: Hilscher, 1825.
- Le Mexique en 1823, ou Relation d'un voyage dans la Nouvelle-Espagne, contenant des notions exactes et peu connues sur la situation physique, morale et politique de ce pays. Paris: Alexis-Eymery, 1824.
- A description of the unique exhibition, called Ancient Mexico: collected on the spot in 1823 ... for public inspection at the Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly. London: Printed for the proprietors, 1824.
- Catalogue of the exhibition, called Modern Mexico: containing a panoramic view of the city, with specimens of the natural history of New Spain ... at the Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly. London: Printed for the proprietor, 1824
- A descriptive catalogue of the exhibition, entitled Ancient and Modern Mexico: containing a panoramic view of the present city, specimens of the natural history of New Spain ... at the Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly. London: Printed for the proprietors, 1825.
- Sketch of a journey through the Western States of North America: from New Orleans, by the Mississippi, Ohio, city of Cincinnati and falls of Niagara, to New York, in 1827. London: Miller, 1827
References
Further reading
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- Robert D. Aguirre: Informal Empire: Mexico and Central America in Victorian Culture. Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press, 2005.
- William Bullock: Sketch of a Journey through the Western States of North America, 1827.
- Michael P. Costeloe: William Bullock and the Mexican Connection. In: Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos, Summer 2006, Vol. 22, No. 2, Pages 275–309. Online-Version
- Papavero, N. & Ibanez-Bernal, S., 2001 Contributions to a history of Mexican Dipterology. Part I. Entomologists and their works before the Biologia Centrali-Americana. Acta Zoológica Mexicana Nueva Serie 84: 65–173.
- Pearce, S. M. (2008) ‘William Bullock: Collections and Exhibitions at the Egyptian Hall, London: 1816–25’, Journal of the History of Collections, 20, 17–35
- F.D. Steinheimer The whereabouts of pre-nineteenth century bird specimens Zool. Med. Leiden 79-3 (5), 30-ix-2005, 45–67.— ISSN 0024-0672.pdf
External links
- A companion to Mr. Bullock's London Museum and Pantherion : containing a brief description of upwards of fifteen thousand natural and foreign curiosities, antiquities, and productions of the fine arts, collected during seventeen years of arduous research (Bullock, William, Howitt, Samuel and Wells, John West [London] First Printed for the proprietor,1812. 12th Edition
- Catalogue of the exhibition, called modern Mexico : containing a panoramic view of the city, with specimens of the natural history of New Spain, and models of the vegetable produce, costume, &c. &c. : now open for public inspection at the Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly (London :Printed for the proprietor, 1824)