William Drayton

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Drayton served as a United States Representative to Congress (1825–1833). Following the Nullification Crisis, as a unionist Drayton decided to move his family to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1833 and lived there the rest of his life.

Early life and education

The son of William Drayton Sr. and his wife, William was born in St. Augustine in East Florida (then a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain), where his father served from 1765 to 1780 as the chief justice for the Province of East Florida.<ref name="HSP"/><ref name="UF"/> In 1780 the judge lost his position due to accusations of sympathy with rebels in the American Revolutionary War; he returned with his family to Charleston.<ref name="HSP"/> He had bought property and plantations in Florida, including what became known as Drayton Island.<ref name="UF">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Drayton sons were sent to England to complete their educations. Afterward, with his older brother Jacob, William studied law in Charleston.<ref name="HSP"/> Both became lawyers.

Marriage and family

About 1804 William Drayton married Anna Gadsden (d. 1814), a cousin once removed. They had four children:<ref name="HSP"/>

  • Emma Gadsden (Template:Circa – 1840)
  • Thomas Fenwick (1809–1891), became a Confederate Army general
  • Percival (1812–1865), became a career US Naval officer
  • William Sidney (b. Template:Circa – 1860), became a US Naval officer and shipping businessman

After Anna's death, in 1817 Drayton married Maria Heyward.<ref name="HSP"/> Two of their five children survived to adulthood. Maria Heyward Drayton was also close to her young stepchildren.:<ref name="HSP"/>

  • William Heyward, became a lawyer in Philadelphia.
  • Henry Edward, became a doctor in Philadelphia. The two younger Drayton brothers married the sisters Harriet and Sarah Coleman, respectively.<ref name="HSP"/>

Thomas Drayton, a West Point graduate, stayed in South Carolina when the family moved north and bought a plantation at Hilton Head. He resigned from the US Army to join Confederate forces after secession. He and his brother Percival "commanded opposing forces" in the battle of Port Royal, South Carolina, when Union forces captured the forts.<ref name="HSP">"Drayton Family Papers", including correspondence from 1783–1896, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, accessed May 1, 2012</ref>

Career

File:Coat of Arms of William Drayton.svg
Coat of Arms of William Drayton, Jr.

William Drayton served in the War of 1812, where he was commissioned as a colonel (a rank he used all his life). In a November 12, 1816, letter to president-elect James Monroe, Andrew Jackson recommended, unsuccessfully, that Drayton, a Federalist who had shown loyalty to the Madison administration and the union through his military service, be appointed Secretary of War to heal the breach between the Federalist Party, now largely moribund on the national level, and the Republicans.<ref>Harry Ammon, "James Monroe and the Era of Good Feelings," The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 66, no. 4 (Oct. 1958): 387-398; p. 389.</ref> Colonel Drayton was elected in 1824 to represent South Carolina's first district in the U.S. Congress, and served from 1825 to 1833 with repeated re-election.

A unionist during the nullification controversy, in 1833 he moved his family to Philadelphia.<ref>biographic sketch at U.S. Congress website</ref> Two years later in 1835, he was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> While a unionist, Drayton continued to support slavery. In Philadelphia he wrote and published The South Vindicated from the Treason and Fanaticism of the Abolitionists (1836), a pro-slavery tract. He briefly became the president of the defunct Second Bank of the United States in 1841.

File:William Drayton gravestone.jpg
William Drayton gravestone in Laurel Hill Cemetery

Drayton died on May 24, 1846, in Philadelphia and was interred at Laurel Hill Cemetery.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Legacy and honors

Bibliography

Notes

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