Wiman Chosŏn

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Template:Short description Template:See also Template:Infobox Chinese

Wiman Chosŏn (194–108 BC) was a dynasty of Gojoseon. It began with Wiman's (Wei Man) seizure of the throne from Gojoseon's King Jun and ended with the death of King Ugeo who was a grandson of Wiman. Apart from archaeological data, the main source on this historical period comes from chapter 115 of Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian.Template:Sfn Wiman was originally a Chinese military leader from the Kingdom of Yan under the Han dynasty.Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Founding

Template:History of Korea Template:History of Manchuria Template:Wiman Chosŏn monarchs According to Sima Qian, Wiman was a general from the Kingdom of Yan of northeastern China after the collapse of China's Qin dynasty, who submitted to Gojoseon's King Jun. Jun accepted and appointed Wiman commander of the western border region of Gojoseon, which probably corresponds to the west of the present-day Liaoning. Despite the generosity that King Jun had demonstrated, Wiman revolted and destroyed Gojoseon. In 194 BC, he established Wiman Chosŏn and decided to locate his capital in Wanggeom-seong (왕검성, 王險城). Many Korean historians believe that the exact location of Wanggeom-seong was Yodong (요동) in Liaodong, China.

In this period, Wiman Chosŏn expanded to control a vast territory and became strong economically by controlling trade between the Han dynasty and the peoples of Manchuria. The Emperor Wu of Han thought that Wiman Chosŏn increasingly threatened the Han dynasty, and Wiman Chosŏn would ally with the Xiongnu.

Canghai commandery

Around the period from 128 BC to 126 BC, Canghai commandery, covering an area in northern Korean peninsula to southern Manchuria, existed. Template:Ill (Template:Korean)), who was a monarch of Dongye and a subject of Wiman Chosŏn, revolted against Ugeo of Gojoseon and then surrendered to the Han dynasty with 280,000 people.Template:Efn The Canghai Commandery was established following this revolution, however in 2 years, it was abolished by Gongsun Hong.<ref>창해군 한국민족문화대백과 Encyclopedia of Korean Culture</ref>

Fall

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Wiman's grandson, King Ugeo, allowed many exiles from Han dynasty of China to live in Wiman Chosŏn. However, the number of Han grew, and King Ugeo prevented the Jin state from communicating with the Han dynasty. As a result, in 109 BC, the Emperor Wu of Han invaded Wiman Chosŏn near the Luan River. After failing several times to defeat Wiman Chosŏn's armies, Han Wudi tried to convince the princes of Wiman Chosŏn to kill King Ugeo. The conspiracy failed and it led to the destruction of the Gojoseon kingdom. After the war, Wudi of Han dynasty sentenced two generals to death for failing to defeat Wiman Chosŏn.

After a year of battle, Wanggeom-seong was captured and Wiman Chosŏn was destroyed. The Han dynasty established the Four Commanderies of Han in the captured areas, which corresponds to the current area of Liaodong peninsula and the northwestern Korean peninsula. The Commanderies eventually fell to the rising Goguryeo in 4th century AD.

Monarchs of Wiman Chosŏn

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Maps

  • Korea in 108 BC. Gojoseon before destroyed by Han dynasty.
    Korea in 108 BC. Gojoseon before destroyed by Han dynasty.
  • Han dynasty destroys Wiman Chosŏn, and establishing the Four Commanderies.
    Han dynasty destroys Wiman Chosŏn, and establishing the Four Commanderies.
  • Korea in 315. Goguryeo recovered the former Gojoseon territory.
    Korea in 315. Goguryeo recovered the former Gojoseon territory.

See also

Notes

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References

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Bibliography

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