Wolfgang Güllich

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox climber Wolfgang Güllich (24 October 1960 – 31 August 1992) was a German rock climber, who is considered one of the greatest and most influential climbers in the history of the sport.<ref name=PM10/><ref name=Outside/><ref name=AD/> Güllich dominated sport climbing after his 1984 ascent of Kanal im Rücken, the world's first-ever redpoint of an Template:Climbing grade route. He continued to set more "new hardest grade" breakthroughs than any other climber in sport climbing history, with Punks in the Gym in 1985, the world's first-ever Template:Climbing grade, Wallstreet in 1987, the world's first-ever Template:Climbing grade, and with Action Directe in 1991, the world's first-ever Template:Climbing grade.<ref name=PM10/><ref name=Outside/>

Güllich was the first-ever person to free solo at grade Template:Climbing grade with his 1986 ascent of Weed Killer, and in that same year did his iconic free solo of Separate Reality.<ref name=PM10/><ref name=Outside/> He made first ascents of important new big wall climbing routes on the Trango Towers and the Paine Towers.<ref name=PM10/><ref name=Outside/> With long-time climbing partner Kurt Albert, he revolutionized the training techniques for sport climbers, and the introduction of the campus board in particular.<ref name=PM10/><ref name=Outside/> Güllich carried the mantle of "world's strongest sport climber" until his death in a car accident at age 31.<ref name="NG">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name=Outside/>

Early life

Wolfgang Güllich, was born in 1960 in Ludwigshafen, West Germany; the first son of Ursula and Fritz (Snr) Güllich.<ref name=Bio/> His father introduced him to aid climbing at the age of 13,<ref name=Bio/> and by age 15, he was climbing almost every weekend in the Südpfalz region with his younger brother Fritz (who in 1978 would die in a climbing accident).<ref name=Bio/> After an encounter with Reinhard Karl, a leading figure in German mountaineering at that time, Güllich decided to apply himself intensively to climbing, and to free climbing in particular – which at that time was traditional climbing as sport climbing was still not widely practiced.<ref name=Bio>Template:Cite book</ref>

Climbing career

Güllich quickly became one of the best climbers in his region, making the first free ascent of the aid route, Jubiläumsriss (VII-), at the age of 16.<ref name=AD/> In 1981, he left the sandstone Südpfalz region to live in the limestone Frankenjura region, where a group of leading German and British climbers were starting to raise standards, including German climber Kurt Albert and British climber Jerry Moffatt, who both become life-long friends and training partners of Güllich.<ref name=Climbing10/><ref name=PM10/><ref name=BethWald/> In 1983, Güllich freed the first German grade IX+ Template:Climbing grade route, Mister Magnesia,<ref name=AD/> weeks before Moffatt freed Ekel (IX+), also in the Frankenjura.<ref name=BethWald/>

Güllich made several notable trips to the US,<ref name=AD/> coming to international attention in 1982 with the first repeat of Tony Yaniro's historic 1979 Template:Climbing grade route, Grand Illusion in Lake Tahoe.<ref name=PM10/><ref name=Outside/><ref name=AD/> He also completed most of the other hardest routes in the US at the time including Equinox Template:Climbing grade in Joshua Tree, and Cosmic Debris Template:Climbing grade in Yosemite.<ref name=BethWald/> On a 1984, visit to the Shawangunks he repeated Intruders and Project X.<ref name=BethWald/> On a 1986 trip, Güllich made his iconic free solo of Separate Reality, Template:Climbing grade, in Yosemite, photographed by Template:Interlanguage link.<ref name=PM10/><ref name=CFS/> Güllich travelled extensively including to China, the USSR and to the Sinai Desert.<ref name=BethWald/> On a 1986 trip to Britain, he did the world's first-ever free solo at Template:Climbing grade on Weed Killer at Raven Tor,<ref name=PMEVOL/> but broke his back falling on Master's Edge at Millstone.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 1984, Güllich would begin an extraordinary series of years where he would create several hardest new grade sport climbs in the world – the most of any climber in history.<ref name=Outside/><ref name=PMEVOL/> He started by redpointing the first-ever Template:Climbing grade X, in history with Kanal im Rücken.<ref name=PM10/><ref name=PMEVOL/> The next year, on a trip to Australia, he redpointed the first-ever Template:Climbing grade X+ in history with Punks in the Gym.<ref name=PM10/><ref name=PMEVOL/> In 1987, Güllich redpointed the first-ever Template:Climbing grade XI- in history with Template:Interlanguage link.<ref name=PM10/><ref name=PMEVOL/> In 1991, he made the first-ever redpoint of a Template:Climbing grade XI, in history with Action Directe, which was described as "Güllich's Masterpiece".<ref name=PM10/><ref name=PM1/><ref name=AD/> In 2019, Francis Sanzaro, the editor of Rock & Ice, called the 1991 photograph of Güllich, mid-flight on the crux dyno of Action Directe, as "the most iconic photo of hard climbing ever taken".<ref name=RI/>

In addition to driving new grades of sport climbing routes, in 1989, Güllich, Kurt Albert, Christof Stiegler, and Milan Sykora, added what was called a "milestone" in big wall climbing with the first ascent of Eternal Flame (IX- A2) on the Nameless Tower in the Karakoram.<ref name=PM10/><ref name=EF/> In 1991, with Kurt Albert, Bernd Arnold, Norbert Bätz and Peter Dittrich, they made another breakthrough in big wall climbing with Riders on the Storm (IX A3) on the Paine Towers in Patagonia.<ref name=ROTS/> Güllich believed high altitude big wall climbing was in its early stages, and the expeditions allowed him to recharge from sport climbing.<ref name=PM10/>

Approach and philosophy

Güllich avoided the competition climbing circuit throughout his career. He felt that "competitions are good for earning money, I see it as nothing more", and was not attracted to competing with other climbers, just with the challenge of a real route.<ref name=BethWald/> Although Güllich enjoyed traveling to other locations and testing himself on their hardest routes, saying: "A 'successful' climber is someone who has done many hard routes in many areas, not just a local specialist",<ref name=BethWald/> he was most motivated by creating new routes, saying: "if climbing is an art, then creativity is its main component".<ref name=BethWald/>

Güllich maintained an intensive and scientific approach to training for climbing, sometimes taking on specific training techniques for individual climbs.<ref name=PM10/> While training for Action Directe, Güllich invented the campus boarding to develop plyometric strength in his fingers and arms.<ref name=PM1/><ref name=Gripped2>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Güllich co-authored with Andreas Kubin a 192-page German book on training for sport climbing called Sportklettern heute (1986), and was an early advocate of bouldering as a way to improve his technique and build performance, saying "the hardest routes are extended boulder problems";<ref name=BethWald/> he also studied the use of the "deadpoint".<ref name=BethWald>Template:Cite book</ref> Güllich's advice would often extend beyond the physical, and was a source of notable quotes including: "A man doesn't go to drink coffee after climbing, coffee is integral part of the climbing".<ref name=BethWald/>

Personal life and death

Wolfgang Güllich memorial stone

After moving to the Frankenjura in 1981, Güllich spent eleven years sharing an apartment, which included a gym in the cellar, with his life-long climbing partner Kurt Albert.<ref name="Guardian" /><ref name="Climbing10" /> The pair became famous for their hospitality and generosity to other international sport climbers.<ref name="Climbing10" /> The Guardian said: "Their flat became a meeting house for climbers from all over the world, testament to the ability of both men to make friends wherever they went".<ref name="Guardian">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Climbing said of their apartment, "[it] became one of the most significant addresses in free-climbing history. It was essentially an open-house for the best sport climbers of the 1980s, people like Ben Moon, Ben Masterson, Ron Fawcett, Ron Kauk and John Bachar", and adding: "in an era before the Internet, their place was a hub of ideas and information".<ref name="Climbing10">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 1990, he met nurse Annette Favery whom he married one year later; Annette was photographed belaying him on his famous first free ascent of Action Directe on 14 September 1991;<ref name="RI">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> which happened just five days after their wedding.<ref name="PM10" />

He was a climbing double for Sylvester Stallone in the 1993 movie Cliffhanger, along with Ron Kauk.<ref name="Cliff">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On 29 August 1992 Güllich fell asleep at the wheel of his car and veered off the autobahn between Munich and Nuremberg as he made his way home from an interview. Two days later on 31 August 1992 he died in a hospital in Ingolstadt, never having regained consciousness. He was buried in Obertrubach.<ref name="PM10" />

Legacy

Güllich is considered one of the greatest and most influential climbers in the history of the sport, and a pioneer in both technique and training.<ref name="PM10" /><ref name="Outside" /><ref name="AD" /> In 2013, when National Geographic announced Adam Ondra as an "Adventurer of the Year", they noted that the title of "world's strongest climber" was held by Güllich in the 1980s and early 1990s, then passed to Chris Sharma in 2001, and to Ondra in 2013; National Geographic said of Güllich: "In the '80s and early '90s German climber Wolfgang Güllich almost singlehandedly bumped the highest grade in rock climbing from 5.13d to 5.14d".<ref name="NG" /> In 2018, when Beth Wald wrote a preface to her 1987 Climbing interview with Güllich for the book Vantage Point: 50 Years of the Best Climbing Stories Ever Told, she introduced him as: "One of the finest rock climbers of all time the German Wolfgang Güllich developed cutting-edge training regimes that today have become commonplace...".<ref name="BethWald" /> In 2022, on the 30th anniversary of his death, PlanetMountain called him: "A truly visionary figure, his influence extends well beyond sport climbing and even today his routes in far-flung corners of the globe such as Patagonia and the Karakorum are considered absolute milestones in big wall climbing in the high mountains".<ref name="PM10" /> In 2022, Die Zeit called Güllich, "One of the best unknown athletes that have ever existed in Germany", noting that rock climbing was still a developing sport in the country.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Awards and honours

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Notable ascents

Redpointed routes

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  • Amadeus Schwarzenegger – Frankenjura (GER) – 1986. First Ascent.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Onsighted routes

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Free soloed routes

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  • Sautanz – Frankenjura (GER) – 1986. First free solo of the route.<ref name=AD/>

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Big wall climbing routes

  • Riders on the Storm (Paine Towers, Patagonia, VI 5.12d A3) – 1991.<ref name=PM10/><ref name=ROTS>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Bibliography

Filmography

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See also

References

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Further reading

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