Women's Royal Naval Service

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A WRNS rating during the Second World War
Two Ordnance Wrens in Liverpool reassemble a section of a pom-pom gun during the Second World War.

The Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS; popularly and officially known as the Wrens) was the women's branch of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy. First formed in 1917 for the First World War, it was disbanded in 1919, then revived in 1939 at the beginning of the Second World War, remaining active until integrated into the Royal Navy in 1993. WRNS included cooks, clerks, wireless telegraphists, radar plotters, weapons analysts, range assessors, electricians, air mechanics, ground transport vehicle drivers and motorcycle dispatch riders.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

History

First World War

The WRNS was formed in 1917 during the First World War. On 10 October 1918, nineteen-year-old Josephine Carr from Cork became the first Wren to die on active service, when her ship, the RMS Leinster was torpedoed. By the end of the war the service had 5,500 members, 500 of them officers. In addition, 2,867 Wrens, 46 officers and 2,821 other ranks who had previously supported the Royal Naval Air Service chose to be transferred to the RAF Royal Air Force. The WRNS was disbanded in 1919.

Second World War recruitment poster

Second World War

At the beginning of the Second World War, Vera Laughton Mathews was appointed as the director of the re-formed WRNS in 1939 with Ethel (Angela) Goodenough as her deputy.<ref name=vera>Template:Cite odnb</ref> The WRNS had an expanded list of allowable activities, including flying transport planes. At its peak in 1944 it had 75,000 active servicewomen. During the war 102 WRNS members were killed in action and 22 wounded in action.<ref name="Ros403">Stephen Roskill: "Royal Navy - Britische Seekriegsgeschichte 1939-1945", page 403</ref> One of the slogans used in recruitment posters was "Join the Wrens and free a man for the Fleet".

A Mark 2 Colossus computer operated by Wrens.

Wrens were prominent as support staff at the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park; they were the direct operators of the bombes and Colossus used to break Axis codes and cyphers.

Post-war era

RN and WRNS officers enjoying evening drinks by the Grand Harbour in Malta, 1964.

The WRNS remained in existence after the end of the war although Mathews retired in 1947<ref name=vera/> and Goodenough had died the year before. In the 1970s it became obvious that equal pay for women and the need to remove sexual discrimination meant that the WRNS and the Royal Navy would become one organisation. The key change was that women would become subject to the Naval Discipline Act 1957. Vonla McBride, who had experience in human resource management, became the Director of the WRNS in 1976, and members of the WRNS were subject to the same discipline as men by the next year.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In October 1990, during the Gulf War, HMS Brilliant carried the first women officially to serve on an operational warship.<ref>History of the Women's Royal Naval Service and its integration into the Royal Navy</ref> That same year, Chief Officer Pippa Duncan became the first WRNS officer to command a Royal Navy shore establishment.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The WRNS was finally integrated into the Royal Navy in 1993, when women were allowed to serve on board navy vessels as full members of the crew. Female sailors are still informally known by the nicknames "wrens" or "Jennies" ("Jenny Wrens") in naval slang.

Before 1993, all women in the Royal Navy were members of the WRNS except nurses, who joined (and still join) Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service, and medical and dental officers, who were commissioned directly into the Royal Navy, held RN ranks, and wore WRNS uniform with gold RN insignia.

A series of exhibits on the history of the WRNS are part of the Western Approaches Museum in Liverpool. Template:-

Ranks and insignia

The WRNS had its own ranking system, which it retained until amalgamation into the Royal Navy in 1993.

Officers

Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Navies/OF/WRNS 1939-1946Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Navies/OF/WRNS 1946-1951Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Navies/OF/WRNS 1951-1993Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armed Forces/OF/Blank
Flag officers Field officers Junior officers
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(1917–1919)<ref name="coleman">Template:Cite book</ref>
Director Deputy Director Assistant Director Deputy Assistant Director Divisional Director Deputy Divisional Director Principal Deputy Principal Assistant Principal

Ratings

Rank group Senior NCOs Junior NCOs Ratings
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(1917–1919)<ref name="coleman"/> 		Template:Hr
Chief Section Leader Section Leader Leader Wren Ordinary Wren

Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Navies/OR/WRNS 1939-1952

Template:Flagicon Women's Royal Naval Service
(1953–1993)<ref name="coleman"/> 		Template:Hr
Warrant Officer Wren<ref group="note">Introduced in 1970 as Fleet Chief Petty Officer Wren. Renamed in 1985 as Warrant Officer Wren.</ref> Chief Wren Petty Officer Wren Leading Wren Wren Ordinary Wren

Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Navies/OR/Blank

Ratings' titles were suffixed with their trade (e.g. Leading Wren Cook, Chief Wren Telegraphist).

Wrens wore the same rank insignia as their male equivalents, but in blue instead of gold. The "curls" atop officers' rank stripes were diamond-shaped instead of circular.

Uniforms

Queen Elizabeth inspecting a detachment of Wrens in Belfast, 1942

From 1939, Wren uniform, designed by leading British fashion designer Edward Molyneux, consisted of a double-breasted jacket and skirt, with shirt and tie, for all ranks (although similar working dress to the men could also be worn). Junior Ratings wore hats similar to those of their male counterparts (although with a more sloping top). Senior Ratings (Petty Officers and above) and officers wore tricorne hats. In tropical areas these had a white cover. All insignia, including cap badges and non-substantive (trade) badges, were blue.

List of directors

Vera Laughton Mathews inspecting Chief and Petty Officer WRNS

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See also

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Notes

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References

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Further reading

Memoirs

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