Yaranga
Template:Short description Template:Distinguish
A Yaranga (Chukchi: Яраӈы, Yarangy) is a tent-like traditional mobile home of some nomadic Northern indigenous peoples of Russia, such as Chukchi and Siberian Yupik.
A Yaranga is a cone-shaped or rounded reindeer-hide tent.<ref>Countries and Their Cultures - Chukchi: Living Conditions</ref> It is built of a light wooden frame covered with reindeer skins or canvas sewn together.
The word yaranga comes from the Chukchi word for house: jaraŋə (Cyrillic: яраӈы).<ref>Collis, Dirmid R. F. "Arctic Languages: An Awakening". Unesco, 1990. page 72</ref> In Russian use, the terms chum, yurt and yaranga may be used interchangeably.
Chauchu Chukchi
It is built of a light wooden frame covered with reindeer skins sewn together. A medium-size yaranga requires about 50 skins.
A large yaranga is hard to completely heat up. There is a smaller cabin called a polog built inside it, that can be kept warm and cozy.<ref name=chukchi_art>Template:Cite web</ref>
Siberian Yupik and Anqallyt Chukchi
The most numerous of the Siberian Yupik peoples, the Chaplino Eskimos (Ungazigmit) had a round, dome-shaped building for winter. Literature refers to it as a "yaranga", the same term which the Chukchi people use, but the term used in the Chaplino Eskimos' language is mengteghaq (Template:IPA, extended Cyrillic: мыӈтыӷаӄ).<ref name=outside>Рубцова 1954: 514</ref> Its framework was made of posts.<ref name=framework>Рубцова 1954: 515</ref> Tarpaulins were used for covering the framework. The yaranga was surrounded by sod or planking around the base. There was a smaller cabin within the yaranga at the rear, used for sleeping and living. It was separated from the outer, cooler parts of the yaranga with haired reindeer skins and grass, supported by a cage-like framework. In the language of Chaplino Eskimos, it was called Template:IPA, a word borrowed from the Chukchi language. Household duties were done in the larger outer room of the yaranga in front of this inner building. In winter storms, and also at night, the dogs were there. This room for economical purposes was called Template:IPA.<ref name=note>Рубцова 1954: 100–101</ref>
There were also other types of buildings among Chaplino Eskimos: Template:IPA was a modernized type,<ref>Рубцова 1954: 518–520</ref> and Template:IPA was used for summer.<ref>Рубцова 1954: 521</ref>
See also
Notes
References
Latin
Cyrillic
- Template:Cite book The transliteration of author's name, and the rendering of title in English: Template:Cite book
External links
- Template:Cite web Rendering in English: Ungazik settlement, Kunstkamera, Russian Academy of Sciences. Old photos about former life of a Siberian Yupik settlement, including those of a various house types, both inside and outside.
- Photographic collection of A.S.Forshtein in the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Sciences Template:Webarchive