Yola, Nigeria
Template:Short description Template:Use Nigerian English Template:Infobox settlement Yola (Fulfulde ƴola: meaning 'Great Plain' or 'Vast Plain Land') is the capital city and administrative centre of Adamawa State, Nigeria. It is located on the Benue River, and has a population of over 336,648 (2010).<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> Yola is split into two parts. The old town of Yola where the Lamido of Adamawa resides, is the traditional city and the new city of Jimeta (about Template:Cvt NW) is the administrative and commercial centre.<ref name=":3" />
To the north are the Mandara Mountains and to the south are the Shebshi Mountains and Mount Dimlang (Vogel Peak) .
Yola is an access point to the Gashaka Gumpti Nature Reserve, which is one of the largest national parks in Nigeria, the Ngel Nyaki montane forest reserve, the Mambilla Plateau, the Sukur UNESCO World Heritage Site, which is Africa's first cultural landscape to receive World Heritage List inscription,<ref name="BrownMitchell2005">Template:Cite book</ref> the Yadin Waterfalls, the Kiri Dam on the Gongola River, the Benue national park in nearby Cameroon, the Waza National Park, and the Cameroonian town of Garoua, which lies across the border, on the Benue river.
History
Template:Main Established in 1841, Yola is a municipality that sprawls across the hillside of this North-Eastern region of Nigeria. It was the capital of the Adamawa Emirate until it was taken over by the British in 1901. Today, it is the capital of Adamawa State, which was formed in 1991 from part of Gongola State. Modibbo Adama, a local chief of the Fulani, founded Yola in 1841. During the Islamic movement led by Shehu Usman Dan Fodio in the early 19th century, Adama was recognised as a Muslim Scholar who could lead the people in the Upper Benue area. The first European to visit the area was Heinrich Barth in 1851, shortly after Yola was founded. He traveled by the Sahara route, coming through Kukawa near Lake Chad, which at the time was the capital of the Borno Empire.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
In 1893, with sponsorship from the German Colonial Society, explorer Herr von Uechtritz visited Yola<ref name=":4">Template:Cite journal</ref> and described the city:
With the firm, rocky ground we also reached Yola, which is built on a level sandstone ridge. It has between twelve and fifteen thousand inhabitants and gives a friendly impression. From a distance you imagine there is only a forest there, on the edge of which a few houses peep forth; but when you get nearer, a colourful picture unfolds. The fresh, dark green of the trees surrounding the farms contrasts sharply with the vivid red of the earth and the mud huts, and with the blue of the sky; even the monotonous grey of the zana mats and thatch roofs on which creepers climb, does not appear in the least unpleasant. But in truly surprising harmony does the dark brown skin of the inhabitants tone with the gentle and vivid colours of the landscape. And what an unfathomable feeling for beauty and colour awareness is revealed by the choice of white, blue and red materials in their dress!<ref name=":4" />
Yola was located in an area just under 30 kilometres from the capital of Bagale Chiefdom. Prior to this time, Bagale had lost parts of its territory to the Jihadists and it was a surprise that Bagale presented Yola with the greatest danger to its existence through its constant attacks.<ref name=":3">Template:Cite book</ref>
The state is serviced by the Yola International Airport which is among the first airports built in Nigeria.
On 17 November 2015, a suicide bombing killed over 30 people.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref>
The Economic and Commercial Position of the Yola Metropolis, 1809-1901
The agricultural output in Yola Metropolis come about largely as a result of an intensive use of labor and organization of production by the community at that time.<ref name=":3" /> Yola has abundance of cattle which were used as a source for manure for the farmland. The production was both large and small scale.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The commercial activities converged around Gurin and its environs which focus on political and military activities as the first capital of Yola. the items trade were military equipment and foodstuff which were essential for the jidah
<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Land ownership
Land policy in Yola begin to take shape during Modibbo Adams that move out Gurin En route to Yola in 1831.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Yola was finally established in 1841 with a stable government which secure the land policy proper.
Climate
Yola has a tropical savanna climate that borders on a hot semi-arid climate (Aw bordering on BSh according to the Köppen climate classification) with a dry season and wet season. The temperature is warm year-round, with August and September having the lowest average high at Template:Convert and December having the lowest average low at Template:Convert. March has the highest average high of Template:Convert, while April has the highest average low at Template:Convert. The highest temperatures occur in March and April, just before the wet season starts.
Yola receives Template:Convert of precipitation annually on average. There is a wet season from May to October and a dry season for the rest of the year. The dry season, especially from February to April, has higher daytime temperatures and can have lower overnight lows. The dry season also has a higher diurnal temperature variation. August is the wettest month, receiving Template:Convert of rain on average over 16 precipitation days. No precipitation falls from December to February. Humidity is low in the dry season, dropping to just 13.5% in February, but it can get quite humid during the wet season, especially from July to September. Yola receives 2,845.5 hours of sunshine annually, which is well-distributed throughout the year, with November having the most sunshine and August having the least.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Clouds
Yola's cloud cover varies significantly throughout the year; clearer months last 4.6 months, while partly overcast months last 7.4 months. The clearest month is January, with 53% of the sky being either mostly clear or clear with 78% of the sky being clouded or overcast, while July and August are the cloudiest months, due to the number of rainy days.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":2">Template:Cite web</ref>
Rainfall
Yola's monthly rainfall varies greatly according to the season, with a dry season running from November to March and averaging around 100mm to 200mm per month during the main wet season from May to October. The heaviest rain falls in August, with an average of 196 mm. The duration of the dry spell is 4 months, with January recording the lowest average rainfall of 0.1 mm.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />
Infrastructure
The nearby town of Jimeta has a market, zoo, an airport<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> with direct flights to Saudi Arabia, NiPost and NiTel offices as well as the main mosque and cathedral. Being a state capital, it is a major transport hub with buses and taxis heading north to Mubi and Maiduguri, west to Numan, Gombe, jalingo and Bauchi and south to Makurdi and Katsina Ala. Taxis are available to Garoua in Cameroon. There is an airport with regular flights to Abuja and Lagos. The town is home to various institutions of learning, such as the: American University of Nigeria (AUN) (which is Africa's first and only development university), Adamawa State Polytechnic, The Modibbo Adama University Yola (MAU) previously known as Federal University of Technology, Yola, located about Template:Cvt north of the city on the road to Mubi, The Federal Government Girls College, Yola, AUN Academy (ABTI Academy), Aliyu Mustapha Academy, Chiroma Ahmad Academy, Ahmadu Ribadu College, MAUTECH university secondary school, Concordia College (which was nominated as the best post-primary school for 2007 by the National Association of Nigerian Students). Yola also houses one of the six campuses of the Nigerian Law school located beside the American University of Nigeria and many other educational institutions. Adamawa has one of the best depots in Nigeria, located about Template:Cvt west on the road to Numan. Tourist sites include: The Three sister hills in Song Local Government Area, which are three scenic rock formations standing side by side at different height with the middle one as the big sister. The former Njuwa lake fishing festival site which is now dried and developed into residential area. The Lamido's Palace and the Annual horse-riding durbar, originally a Fulbe settlement, the town is largely dominated by Fulbe, as well as people from other parts of the country and the neighboring country of Cameroon.<ref name=":0" />
Notable people
- Ahmadu Umaru Fintiri
- Murtala Hammanyero Nyako
- Atiku Abubakar
- Mohammed Barkindo
- Aisha Buhari
- Boni Haruna
- Boss Mustapha
- Panam Percy Paul
- Nuhu Ribadu
- Alex Badeh
See also
References
Template:Coord Template:Cities in Nigeria Template:Authority control