View source for Baden bei Wien

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Baden
| native_name        = 
| settlement_type    = [[Municipality (Austria)|Municipality]]
<!-- Images     -->| image_skyline      = Baden Panorama 01.jpg
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = Panorama of Baden with the aqueduct in the foreground
| image_shield       = AUT Baden COA.jpg
| shield_size        = 80x110px
| shield_link        = <!-- Maps           -->
| pushpin_mapsize    = 270
| pushpin_map        = Austria#Austria Lower Austria
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Austria##Location within Lower Austria
| image_map          = 
| mapsize            = 
| map_alt            = 
| map_caption        = Location within [[Baden (district of Austria)|Baden]] district
<!-- Location    -->| coordinates        = {{coord|48|00|27|N|16|14|04|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = [[Austria]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[States of Austria|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Lower Austria]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[District (Austria)|District]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Baden (district of Austria)|Baden]]
| parts_type         = 
| parts_style        = para
| p1                 = <!-- Leaders -->
| leader_title       = [[Burgomaster|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = [[Carmen Jeitler-Cincelli]]
| leader_party       = {{Polparty|Austria|ÖVP}}
| leader_title1      = 
| leader_name1       = <!-- Statistics -->
| area_footnotes     = {{Austria population Wikidata|area_footnotes}}
| area_total_km2     = {{Austria population Wikidata|area_total_km2}}
| area_metro_km2     = 
| elevation_m        = 230
| elevation_max_m    = 
| elevation_min_m    = 
| population_as_of   = 2025
| population_footnotes = 
| population_total   = 25931
| population_urban   = 
| population_metro   = 
| population_note    = 
| population_density_km2 = auto
| established_title  = 
| established_date   = 
| timezone           = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| timezone_DST       = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset         = +1
| utc_offset_DST     = +2
| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of Austria|BN]]
| postal_code_type   = [[List of postal codes in Austria|Postal code]]
| postal_code        = 2500
| area_code_type     = [[Telephone numbers in Austria|Area code]]
| area_code          = 0 22 52
| website            = [https://www.baden.at baden.at]
| footnotes          = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
   | child = yes
   | WHS = Baden bei Wien
   | Part_of = [[The Great Spa Towns of Europe]]
   | Criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii)(iii)}}(ii)(iii)
   | ID = 1613
   | Year = 2021
   }}
}}
[[File:1482 Statt Paadn.jpg|thumb|Contemporary illustration of Baden from 1482]]
'''Baden''' ([[Central Bavarian]]: ''Bodn''),<ref name=char>{{citation |last=Charnock |first=Richard Stephen |author-mask=Charnock |contribution=Baden |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2BulY4WvsYC&pg=PA23 |page=23 |title=Local Etymology |year=1859 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2BulY4WvsYC }}</ref> unofficially distinguished from [[Baden (disambiguation)|other Badens]] as '''Baden bei Wien''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbaːdn̩ baɪ̯ viːn|}}; '[[Spa town]] near [[Vienna]]'),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.ch/search?sclient=psy-ab&hl=de&btnG=Suche&q=%22Baden+near+Vienna%22 |title=Baden near Vienna |website=Google search |access-date=10 October 2015}}</ref> is a [[spa town]] in [[Austria]]. It serves as the capital of [[Baden (district of Austria)|Baden District]] in the state of [[Lower Austria]]. Located about {{convert|26|km|abbr=on}} south of [[Vienna]], the municipality consists of [[Cadastral community|cadastral]] areas Baden, Braiten, Gamingerhof, Leesdorf, Mitterberg, Rauhenstein, and Weikersdorf.

In 2021, the town became part of the transnational [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Site]] under the name "[[Great Spa Towns of Europe]]" because of its famous medicinal springs and its architectural testimony to the international spa culture on the 18th and 19th centuries.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dpa-international.com/topic/great-spas-europe-awarded-unesco-world-heritage-status-urn%3Anewsml%3Adpa.com%3A20090101%3A210724-99-511232|title='Great Spas of Europe' awarded UNESCO World Heritage status|first=Andreas|last=Landwehr|work=Deutsche Presse-Agentur|date=24 July 2021|access-date=25 July 2021|archive-date=25 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725045739/https://www.dpa-international.com/topic/great-spas-europe-awarded-unesco-world-heritage-status-urn%3Anewsml%3Adpa.com%3A20090101%3A210724-99-511232|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Geography and Geology==
[[File:Eingangkurpark.jpg|thumb|left|The "Spa Park" (''{{lang|de|Kurpark}}'') entrance]]
Baden is located at the mouth of the [[Schwechat River]]'s [[St Helena Valley]] (''{{lang|de|Helenental}}''){{sfnp|''EB''|1878}} in the [[Vienna Woods]] (''{{lang|de|Wienerwald}}'') range. It takes its name from the area's 14 [[hot spring]]s, which vary in temperature from {{convert|72|to|97|F|C|0|sp=us}}{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}} and contain mineral salts including [[calcium carbonate]], [[calcium chloride]] and [[magnesium sulphate]].{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=183}}<ref name = "nominate"/> They lie for the most part at the foot of Mt Calvary (''{{lang|de|Calvarienberg}}''; {{convert|1070|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or|sp=us}}) in the north-central part of town.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=183}}<ref name = "nominate"/> These springs are caused by runoff from the Northern Limestone Alps and tectonic fissures within the [[Vienna Basin]].<ref name = "nominate"/>

The highest point in the area is the Iron Gate (''{{lang|de|Eisernes Tor}}'' or ''{{lang|de|Hoher Lindkogel}}''), whose {{convert|2825|ft|0|sp=us|abbr=on}} can be ascended in about three hours.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=183}}

==History==
The celebrity of Baden dates back to the days of the [[ancient Rome|Roman]]s, who knew it by the name of '''{{lang|la|Aquae Cetiae}}'''{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}} or '''{{lang|la|Thermae Pannonicae}}'''.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=184}} Some ruins are still visible.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=184}} The settlement was mentioned as '''Padun''' in a deed from AD&nbsp;869. The nearby [[Heiligenkreuz Abbey|abbey of Heiligenkreuz]]'s [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] church was constructed in the 11th century; it subsequently served as the burial place for members of the [[Babenberg]] family.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=183}} The castle Rauheneck was constructed on the right bank of the river at the entrance to the valley in the 12th century; the castle [[Burgruine Rauhenstein|Rauhenstein]] was built on the opposite bank at the same time.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=183}} The town received its [[town privileges|legal privileges]] in 1480.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=183}} Although repeatedly sacked by [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungarians]] and [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]], it soon flourished again each time.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=184}} 

[[File:Baden in 1-25.000, Stand 1901 kleine Datei.jpg|thumb|left|200px|A map of Baden in 1901]]
The town was largely destroyed by a fire in 1812 but was excellently rebuilt{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}} in a [[Biedermeier]] style according to plans by architect [[Joseph Kornhäusel]], it is therefore sometimes referred to as the "'''Biedermeierstadt'''". [[Archduke Charles]], the victor of [[Battle of Aspern|Aspern]], constructed the  [[Weilburg Palace]] at the foot of Rauheneck between 1820 and 1825.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=183}} In the 19th century, it was connected to the railway running between [[Vienna]] and [[Graz]], which led to thousands of Viennese visiting each year to take the waters, including members of the [[Habsburg Dynasty|imperial family]], who constructed extensive villas nearby.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}}<ref name = "nominate">{{cite report |title = Nomination of the Great Spas of Europe for inclusion on the World Heritage List | publisher = United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization |url = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1613/documents/ |access-date = 21 August 2021}}</ref> In 1820, the Sauerhof became the first freestanding spa hotel in Europe.<ref name = "nominate"/> The composer [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] stayed a number of times in Baden and his residences still form local tourist spots. The location at Rathausgasse 10 now forms a museum open to the public.{{refn|group=n|Other street addresses include Antonsgasse 4, Braitnerstrasse 26, Frauengasse 10, Johannesgasse 12, Kaiser Franz Ring 9, and Weilburgstrasse 13.}} [[Mayerling]], a hunting lodge about {{convert|4|mi|abbr=on|sp=us}} up the valley, was the site of [[Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria|Crown Prince Rudolf]]'s [[Mayerling Incident|murder-suicide]] in 1889.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=183}} Its primary export in the 19th century were [[steel]] [[razor]]s, which were reckoned of excellent quality.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}}

[[File:Baden bei Wien - Stadttheater.JPG|thumb|left|200px|The City Theater (''{{lang|de|Stadttheater}}'')]]
[[File:Baden bei Wien - Casino (4).JPG|thumb|right|240px|The 1934 casino]]
The town boasted a theater, military hospital, and [[casino]], all constructed in the late 1800s and early 1900s.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}}<ref name = "nominate"/> The City Theater (''{{lang|de|Stadttheater}}'') was built in 1909 by [[Ferdinand Fellner]]. By the time of the [[First World War]], Baden was Vienna's principal resort: {{nowrap|20&thinsp;000}} came each year, double the town's local population.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=183}} In addition to a modern "spa house" (''{{lang|de|Kurhaus}}''), there were 15 separate bathing establishments and several parks.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=183}} During the war, Baden served as a temporary seat of the [[Austro-Hungarian Army|Austro-Hungarian]] high command. A new casino in 1934 made the town the premier resort throughout Austria.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} The Château Weilburg was destroyed during World War II. After [[World War II]], Baden served as the headquarters of [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] forces within [[Allied-administered Austria|occupied Austria]] until 1955.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

==Transport==
Baden can be reached by the [[Autobahns of Austria|Süd Autobahn]] (A2). It lies on the [[Southern Railway (Austria)|Südbahn]] (Southern Railway), the [[Baden bei Wien railway station|Baden railway station]] is served by  [[Vienna S-Bahn|S-Bahn]], regional trains, and the Cityjet Xpress train connecting it directly to Vienna and Wiener Neustadt every 30 minutes during peak hours.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CJX9 – die neue Schnellverbindung auf der Südbahn |url=https://www.vor.at/aktuelles/news/news/cjx9-die-neue-schnellverbindung-auf-der-suedbahn |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=Verkehrsverbund Ost-Region}}</ref>

It also the terminus of the local [[Badner Bahn]] tram-train.

==Politics==
The municipal council (''Gemeinderat'') consists of 41 seats. Since the [[2025 Lower Austrian local elections]], the council is made up of the following parties and lists:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gemeinderatswahl Niederösterreich 2025 - news.ORF.at |url=https://orf.at/wahl/noe25/ |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=orf.at |language=de}}</ref>

* [[Austrian People's Party]] (ÖVP): 10 seats
* [[Social Democratic Party of Austria]] (SPÖ): 7 seats
* We Badener - Citizen List Jowi Trenner (LIST): 7 seats
* [[The Greens (Austria)|The Greens - The Green Alternative]] (GRÜNE): 7 seats
* [[Freedom Party of Austria]] (FPÖ): 6 seats
* [[NEOS (Austria)|NEOS - The New Austria and Liberal Forum]] (NEOS): 4 seats
{{climate chart|Baden bei Wien
|−3|3|35
|−2|6|34
|2|10|49
|5|15|55
|10|21|62
|13|23|70
|15|26|67
|15|25|60
|11|21|57
|6|15|42
|2|8|52
|−1|4|41
|float=right
|clear=right
|source=[http://www.zamg.ac.at/fix/klima/oe71-00/klima2000/daten/klimadaten/noe/5871.htm ZAMG]
}}

==Population==
{{Historical populations
|align=none
|1971|22727
|1981|23140
|1991|23488
|2001|24518
|2011|25,120
|2021|25,817|2025|25,931
||}}
==Notable people==
{{Category see also|People from Baden bei Wien}}
[[File:Marianne Hainisch.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Marianne Hainisch]], 1872]]
[[File:Katharina Schratt im Abendkleid.jpg|thumb|140px|painting of [[Katharina Schratt]]]]
[[File:Max Reinhardt.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Max Reinhardt]], 1911]]
[[File:Baden rainermuseum.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Arnulf Rainer]] Museum]]
[[File:Baden-Rolletmuseum-Anton-Franz-Rollett-(1824).jpg|thumb|140px|painting of [[Georg Anton Rollett]], 1824]]
[[File:2009 Erwin Hoffer.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Erwin Hoffer]], 2009]]
=== Public service ===
* [[Marianne Hainisch]] (1839–1936), Austrian feminist, women's rights activist
* [[Anton Maria Schwartz]] (1852–1929), Catholic priest, beatified by [[Pope John Paul II]] in 1998.
* [[:de:Heinrich von Lützow|Heinrich von Lützow, (DE Wiki)]] (1852–1935) Austro-Hungarian diplomat 
* [[Mirabehn]] (1892–1982), real name ''Madeleine Slade'' Indian freedom fighter, lived locally
* [[Paul Wittek]] (1894-1978), [[Oriental studies|Orientalist]] and historian, wrote a popular thesis on the [[rise of the Ottoman Empire]]
* [[Archduke Carl Ludwig of Austria (1918–2007)|Archduke Carl Ludwig of Austria]] (1918–2007), 5th child of [[Charles I of Austria]] and [[Zita von Bourbon-Parma]]
* [[Charlotte Fritz]] (1918–2003), an Austrian [[Righteous Among the Nations]].
* [[Robert Weiß (pilot)|Robert Weiß]] (1920–1944). Luftwaffe fighter pilot during [[World War II|WWII]]; [[fighter ace]]
* [[:de:Theodor Tomandl|Theodor Tomandl, (DE Wiki)]] (born 1933), Austrian [[Jurisprudence|jurisprudent]]
* [[Herbert Schambeck]] (1934 - 2023), an Austrian legal scholar and politician (ÖVP)
* [[Karin Scheele]] (born 1968), Austrian [[Social democracy|social democratic]] politician and previously an [[member of the European Parliament|MEP]]
* [[Sophie Schulz]] (1905–1975), Austrian politician

=== Arts ===
* [[Ignaz Vitzthumb]] (1724–1816, Brussels), Austrian composer; acted in the [[Austrian Netherlands#Austrian Netherlands|Austrian Netherlands]]
* [[Amalia Schütz Oldosi]] (1803–1852), Austrian soprano, died locally
* [[Caterina Canzi]] (1805–1890), opera singer
* [[:de:Hermann Rollett|Hermann Rollett, (DE Wiki)]] (1819–1904), [[Vormärz]]-poet, writer on art, [[archivist]] of the city 
* [[Johann Baptist Klerr]] (1830–1875), composer and [[kapellmeister]]
* [[Karel Komzák II]] (1850–1905), Czech-Austrian composer, died locally
* [[Katharina Schratt]] (1853–1940), actress, a confidante of Emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Franz Joseph]].
* [[Rosa Papier]] (1859–1932), Austrian [[opera singer]] and singing-[[Teacher|educator]]
* [[:de:Jakob Pazeller|Jakob Pazeller, (DE Wiki)]] (1869–1957), Austrian composer
* [[Mizzi Griebl]] (1872–1952), Austrian singer and actress 
* [[Hugo Bettauer|(Maximilian) Hugo Bettauer]] (1872–1925), Austrian writer
* [[Max Reinhardt]] (1873–1943), born ''Maximilian Goldmann'', theatre director and [[theatre manager]]
* [[Josef Müllner]] (1879–1968), Austrian [[Sculpture|sculptor]] 
* [[:de:Max Kuttner|Max Kuttner, (DE Wiki)]] (1883–1953), German opera- and [[operetta]] [[tenor]], [[Phonograph|gramophone]]/record- and [[Radio programming|radio]] singer
* [[Vincent Bach]] (1890–1976), virtuoso trumpeter and brass instrument maker 
* [[George Hoellering]] (1897–1980), Austrian-British author and film director.<ref>{{Cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-61485|title=Hoellering, George Michael (1897–1980), film-maker and exhibitor |year=2004 |language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/61485|access-date=23 February 2019|last1=Christie |first1=Ian }}</ref>
* [[Louis V. Arco]] (1899–1975), born ''Lutz Altschul'', Austrian actor
* [[Lucie Englisch]] (1902–1965), Austrian actress
* [[:de:Franz Josef Reinl|Franz Josef Reinl, (DE Wiki)]] (1903–1977), Austrian composer
* [[Erik Werba]] (1918–1992), Austrian pianist, composer and academic teacher.<ref>[https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803121745223 Erik Werba] oxfordreference.com</ref>
* [[:de:Maximilian Melcher|Maximilian Melcher, (DE Wiki)]] (1922–2002), artist and [[lecturer]] 
* [[:de:Ralph Wiener|Ralph Wiener, (DE Wiki)]] (1924-2024), ''[[Kabarettist]]'', author
* [[Eduard Melkus]] (born 1928), Austrian violinist and [[Viola|violist]] 
* [[Karl Pfeifer]] (1928–2023), Austrian journalist
* [[Arnulf Rainer]] (born 1929), Austrian painter
* [[:de:Hertha Martin|Hertha Martin, (DE Wiki)]] (1930-2004), Austrian actress
* [[:de:Elisabet Woska|Elisabet Woska, (DE Wiki)]] (born 1938), actress
* [[:de:Sigi Maron|Sigi Maron, (DE Wiki)]] (1944–2016), singer-songwriter
* [[Marlene Streeruwitz]] (born 1950), an Austrian playwright, novelist, poet and short story writer.
* [[Béla Mavrák]] (born 1966), a Hungarian tenor singer.

=== Science & business ===
* [[Georg Anton Rollett]] (1778–1842), Austrian [[collecting|collector]], [[Natural science|natural scientist]] and doctor
* [[Alexander Rollett]] (1834–1903), Austrian [[physiologist]] and [[Histology|histologist]]
* [[Karl Landsteiner]] (1868–1943), an Austrian American biologist, physician, and immunologist.
* [[Karl Holdhaus]] (1883–1975), Austrian [[Entomology|entomologist]], specialised in [[Coleoptera]]. 
* [[Josef Frank (architect)|Josef Frank]] (1885–1967), Austrian-Swedish architect
* [[Franz Reznicek]] (1903-??), Austrian architect

=== Sport ===
* [[Erwin Kohn]] (1911-1994), an international table tennis player, emigrated to England & Argentina
* [[:de:Heribert Meisel|Heribert Meisel, (DE Wiki)]] (1920–1966), famous Austrian sport-journalist and [[Sports presenter|sport-presenter]] of the [[Österreichischer Rundfunk|ORF]] and [[ZDF]]
* [[:de:Willi End|Willi End, (DE Wiki)]] (1921–2013), Austrian [[mountaineer]]
* [[Thomas Vanek]] (born 1984), retired professional [[ice hockey]] player who mostly played in the [[National Hockey League|NHL]]
* [[Daniel Dunst]] (born 1984), a former Austrian footballer who played over 250 games
* [[Erwin Hoffer|Erwin "Jimmy" Hoffer]] (born 1987), [[association football|footballer]], played over 370 games and 28 for [[Austria national football team|Austria]]
* [[Besian Idrizaj]] (1987–2010), Austrian football player, played 59 games
* [[Markus Lackner]] (born 1991), an Austrian footballer who has played over 270 games
* [[Thomas Ebner]] (born 1992), an Austrian footballer who has played over 350 games

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=n}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite EB9 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=Baden (4.) |volume=3  |ref={{harvid|''EB''|1878}} |page=227 }}
* {{cite EB1911 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=Baden (Austria) |volume=3 |ref={{harvid|''EB''|1911}} |pages=183–184 }}
*Harald Salfellner, Julius Silver: ''The Imperial City of Baden bei Wien.'' Vitalis, Prague 2017, {{ISBN|978-3-89919-495-1}}.

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Baden (Austria)}}
{{Commons category|Baden, Lower Austria}}
* [http://www.baden.com/english.htm Official homepage]
* [http://www.juedischegemeinde.at/ Synagogue] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060206231854/http://www.juedischegemeinde.at/ |date=6 February 2006 }}
* [http://baden.casinos.at/ Casino]
* [http://www.roemertherme.at/ Römertherme]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070205122337/http://www.kurhaus-baden.at/ Kurhaus]
* [http://www.stadttheater-baden.at/ Stadttheater] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206064239/http://www.stadttheater-baden.at/ |date=6 February 2012 }}
* [http://www.hauervinothek.at/ Hauervinothek]
* {{Cite AmCyc|wstitle=Baden (towns)|display=Baden: I. A town of Lower Austria|short=x|noicon=x}}

{{Cities and towns in Baden (district)}}
{{The Great Spa Towns of Europe}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baden Bei Wien}}
[[Category:Baden bei Wien| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Baden District, Austria]]
[[Category:Baden District, Austria]]
[[Category:Jewish communities in Austria]]
[[Category:Spa towns in Austria]]