View source for Close back rounded vowel

{{Short description|Vowel sound represented by ⟨u⟩ in IPA}}
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{{Infobox IPA
|ipa symbol=u
|ipa number=308
|decimal=117
|x-sampa=u
|braille=u
|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x0075.svg
}}
{{IPA vowels|class=floatright}}

The '''close back rounded vowel''', or '''high back rounded vowel''',<ref>{{Vowel terminology}}</ref> is a type of [[Vowel diagram|vowel]] sound used in many spoken [[language]]s. The symbol in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|u}}.

In most languages, this rounded vowel is pronounced with [[roundedness|protruded]] lips ('endolabial'). However, in a few cases the lips are compressed ('exolabial').

{{IPA|[u]}} [[alternation (linguistics)|alternates]] with [[labio-velar approximant]] {{IPA|[w]}} in certain languages, such as [[French language|French]], and in the [[diphthong]]s of some languages, {{IPA|[u̯]}} with the [[non-syllabic]] diacritic and {{IPA|[w]}} are used in different [[phonetic transcription|transcription]] systems to represent the same sound.

==Close back protruded vowel==
The '''close back protruded vowel''' is the most common variant of the close back rounded vowel. It is typically transcribed in IPA simply as {{angbr IPA|u}} (the convention used in this article). As there is no dedicated [[IPA diacritic]] for protrusion, the symbol for the close back rounded vowel with an old diacritic for labialization, {{angbr IPA|&nbsp;&nbsp;̫}}, can be used as an ad hoc symbol {{angbr IPA|u̫}}. Another possible transcription is {{angbr IPA|uʷ}} or {{angbr IPA|ɯʷ}} (a close back vowel modified by endolabialization), but that could be misread as a diphthong.

===Features===
{{close vowel}}
{{back vowel}}
{{velar}}
{{protruded vowel}}
[[File:IPA u Sagittal Section.svg|thumb|left|160px|[[Sagittal plane|Sagittal section]] of a vocal tract pronouncing {{angbr IPA|u}}. Note that a wavy [[glottis]] in this diagram indicates a voiced sound.]]
{{clear}}

===Occurrence===
{| class="wikitable" style="clear: both;"
! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Meaning !! Notes
|-
| [[Afrikaans]] || Standard{{sfnp|Donaldson|1993|pp=2, 5}} || {{lang|af|[[Afrikaans alphabet|b'''oe'''k]]}} || {{IPA|[bu̜k]|lang=af}} || 'book' || Only weakly rounded.{{sfnp|Donaldson|1993|p=5}} See [[Afrikaans phonology]]
|-
| [[Arabic language|Arabic]] || [[Modern Standard Arabic|Standard]]{{sfnp|Thelwall|Sa'Adeddin|1990|p=38}} || {{lang|ar|[[Arabic alphabet|جنوب]]|rtl=yes}} / {{transliteration|ar|ǧan'''uu'''b}}|| {{IPA|[d͡ʒaˈnuːb]|lang=ar}} || 'south' || See [[Arabic phonology]]
|-
| [[Armenian language|Armenian]] || [[Eastern Armenian|Eastern]]{{sfnp|Dum-Tragut|2009|p=13}} || {{lang|hy|[[Armenian alphabet|դ'''ու'''ռ]]}} / {{transliteration|hy|d'''u'''r}}|| {{IPA|[dur]|lang=hy}} || 'door' || 
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|[[Bengali phonology|তবু]]
|{{IPA|[t̪o̞bu]}}
|'still'
|See [[Bengali phonology]]
|-
| [[Bavarian language|Bavarian]] || [[Amstetten dialect]]<ref name="tm82">{{Harvcoltxt|Traunmüller|1982}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=290}}</ref> || {{lang|bar|'''u'''nd}} || {{IPA|[und̥]|lang=bar}} || 'and' || Contrasts close {{IPA|[u]}}, near-close {{IPAblink|o̝}}, close-mid {{IPAblink|o}} and open-mid {{IPAblink|ɔ}} back rounded vowels in addition to the open central unrounded {{IPAblink|ä}}.<ref name="tm82"/>
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]{{sfnp|Ternes|Vladimirova-Buhtz|1999|p=56}} || {{lang|bg|[[Bulgarian alphabet|л'''у'''д]]}} / {{transliteration|bg|lud}} || {{IPA|[ɫut̪]|lang=bg}} || 'crazy' || See [[Bulgarian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Catalan language|Catalan]]{{sfnp|Carbonell|Llisterri|1992|p=54}} || {{lang|ca|[[Catalan orthography|s'''u'''c]]}} || {{IPA|[s̺uk]|lang=ca}} || 'juice' || See [[Catalan phonology]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Chinese language|Chinese]] || [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]]{{sfnp|Lee|Zee|2003|pp=110–111}}{{sfnp|Duanmu|2007|pp=35–36}} || {{lang|cmn-Hani|[[Chinese characters|土]]}} / {{transliteration|cmn|[[Pinyin|t'''ǔ''']]}} || {{IPA|[tʰu˨˩˦]|lang=cmn}} || 'earth' || See [[Standard Chinese phonology]]
|-
| [[Cantonese]]{{sfnp|Zee|1999|pp=59–60}} || {{lang|yue|[[Chinese characters|夫]]}} / {{transliteration|yue|[[Yale romanization of Cantonese|f'''ū''']]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Yue-fu1.ogg|[fuː˥]|help=no}} || 'man' || See [[Cantonese phonology]]
|-
| [[Shanghainese]]{{sfnp|Chen|Gussenhoven|2015|pp=328–329}} || {{lang|wuu|[[Chinese characters|瓜]]}} / {{transliteration|wuu|k'''u'''}}|| {{IPA|[ku˩]|lang=wuu}} || 'melon' || Height varies between close and close-mid; contrasts with a close to close-mid back compressed vowel.{{sfnp|Chen|Gussenhoven|2015|pp=328–329}}
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Chuvash language|Chuvash]] || {{lang|cv|[[Cyrillic script|'''у'''рам]]}} || {{IPA|[uˈram]|lang=cv}} || 'street' ||
|-
| [[Danish language|Danish]] || Standard{{sfnp|Grønnum|1998|p=100}}{{sfnp|Basbøll|2005|p=46}} || {{lang|da|[[Danish and Norwegian alphabet|d'''u''']]}} || {{IPA|[tu]|lang=da}} || 'you' || See [[Danish phonology]]
|-
| [[Dutch language|Dutch]] || Standard{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|1992|p=47}}{{sfnp|Verhoeven|2005|p=245}} || {{lang|nl|[[Dutch orthography|v'''oe'''t]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Nl-voet.ogg|[vut]|help=no}} || 'foot' || Somewhat fronted in Belgian Standard Dutch.{{sfnp|Verhoeven|2005|p=245}}
|-
| rowspan="12" | [[English language|English]] || [[Australian English|Australian]]{{sfnp|Cox|Palethorpe|2007|p=344}}{{sfnp|Cox|Fletcher|2017|p=65}} || rowspan="2" | ''[[English orthography|b'''oo'''k]]'' || rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[buk]|lang=en}} || rowspan="2" | 'book' || Corresponds to {{IPAblink|ʊ}} in other accents. See [[Australian English phonology]]
|-
| [[Cape Flats English|Cape Flats]]{{sfnp|Finn|2004|p=970}} || May be advanced to {{IPAblink|ʉ}}, or lowered and unrounded to {{IPAblink|ɤ}}.{{sfnp|Finn|2004|p=970}} See [[South African English phonology]]
|-
| Cultivated [[South African English|South African]]{{sfnp|Lass|2002|p=116}} || rowspan="9" | ''[[English orthography|b'''oo'''t]]'' || rowspan="7" | {{IPA|[bu̟ut]|lang=en}}|| rowspan="9" | 'boot' || rowspan="2" | Typically [[Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted|more front]] {{IPA|[ʉu]|lang=en}} than [[cardinal vowels|cardinal]] {{IPA|[uw]|lang=en}}. See [[White South African English phonology]] and [[American English phonology]].
|-
| [[General American]]{{sfnp|Mannell|Cox|Harrington|2009}}
|-
| [[Geordie]]{{sfnp|Watt|Allen|2003|p=268}} || May be central {{IPAblink|ʉː}} instead.
|-
| [[Hiberno-English|Irish]]<ref>{{cite book|title=A Handbook of Varieties of English Volume 1: Phonology|editor=Bernd Kortmann and Edgar W. Schneider|last=Hickey|first=Raymond|publisher=De Gruyter|year=2004|pages=91}}</ref> || Realized as central {{IPAblink|ʉː}} in [[Ulster English|Ulster]].
|-
| Some [[Multicultural London English|Multicultural London]] speakers{{sfnp|Cruttenden|2014|p=91}} || More commonly front {{IPAblink|yː}}.
|- 
| Conservative [[Received Pronunciation]]{{sfnp|Roach|2004|p=242}} || Realized as central {{IPAblink|ʉ}} in modern RP.
|-
| [[Welsh English|Welsh]]{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|1990|p=95}}{{sfnp|Connolly|1990|p=125}}{{sfnp|Tench|1990|p=135}}
|-
| [[Pakistani English|Pakistani]]{{sfnp|Mahboob|Ahmar|2004|p=1007}} || {{IPA|[buːʈ]|lang=en}}
|-
|[[New York City English|Greater New York City]]<ref>{{cite book|title=A Handbook of Varieties of English Volume 1: Phonology|editor=Bernd Kortmann and Edgar W. Schneider|last=Hickey|first=Raymond|publisher=De Gruyter|year=2004|pages=287}}</ref> || {{IPA|[buːt]|lang=en}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Labov|first1=William|last2=Ash|first2=Sharon|last3=Boberg|first3=Charles|title=The Atlas of North American English|date=2006}} chpt. 17</ref>
|-
| [[New Zealand English|New Zealand]]<ref name="victoriauniv">{{cite web|title=NZE Phonology|page=3|publisher=Victoria University of Wellington|url=http://www.victoria.ac.nz/lals/research/projects/grinze-archived/publications/NZE_PhonologyPW.pdf}}</ref>{{sfnp|Bauer|Warren|2004|p=585}} || ''[[English orthography|treac'''le''']]'' || {{IPA|[ˈtɹ̝̊iːku]|land=en}} || 'treacle' || Possible realization of the unstressed vowel {{IPA|/ɯ/}}, which is variable in rounding and ranges from central to (more often) back and close to close-mid.<ref name="victoriauniv"/>{{sfnp|Bauer|Warren|2004|p=585}} Corresponds to {{IPA|/əl/}} in other accents. See [[New Zealand English phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Estonian language|Estonian]]{{sfnp|Asu|Teras|2009|p=368}} || {{lang|et|[[Estonian orthography|s'''u'''le]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈsule̞]|lang=et}} || 'feather' (gen. sg.) || See [[Estonian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Finnish language|Finnish]]{{sfnp|Iivonen|Harnud|2005|pp=60, 66}}{{sfnp|Suomi|Toivanen|Ylitalo|2008|p=21}} || {{lang|fi|[[Finnish orthography|k'''u'''kka]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈkukːɑ]|lang=fi}}|| 'flower'|| See [[Finnish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Faroese language|Faroese]]{{sfnp|Árnason|2011|pp=68, 74}} || {{lang|fo|[[Faroese orthography|g'''u'''lur]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈkuːlʊɹ]|lang=fo}} || 'yellow' || See [[Faroese phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[French language|French]]{{sfnp|Fougeron|Smith|1993|p=73}}{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2013|p=225}} || {{lang|fr|[[French orthography|'''où''']]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Où.ogg|[u]|help=no}} || 'where' || See [[French phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Georgian language|Georgian]]{{sfnp|Shosted|Chikovani|2006|pp=261–262}} || {{lang|ka|[[Georgian language#Writing system|გ'''უ'''და]]}} / {{transliteration|ka|guda}} || {{IPA|[ɡudɑ]|lang=ka}} || 'leather bag' ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[German language|German]] || [[Standard German|Standard]]{{sfnp|Hall|2003|pp=87, 107}}{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=34}} || {{lang|de|[[German orthography|F'''u'''ß]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|De-Fuß.ogg|[fuːs]|help=no}} || 'foot' || See [[Standard German phonology]]
|-
| Many speakers{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=64}} || {{lang|de|[[German orthography|St'''u'''nde]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈʃtundə]|lang=de}} || 'hour' || The usual realization of {{IPA|/ʊ/}} in Switzerland, Austria and partially also in Western and Southwestern Germany (Palatinate, Swabia).{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=64}} See [[Standard German phonology]]
|-
| [[Greek language|Greek]] || [[Modern Greek|Modern]] Standard{{sfnp|Arvaniti|2007|p=28}}{{sfnp|Trudgill|2009|p=81}} || {{lang|el|[[Greek alphabet|π'''ου''']]}} / {{transliteration|el|[[Romanization of Greek|''pou'']]}} || {{IPA|[pu]|lang=el}} || 'where' || See [[Modern Greek phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]{{sfnp|Szende|1994|p=92}} || {{lang|hu|[[Hungarian alphabet|'''ú'''t]]}} || {{IPA|[uːt̪]|lang=hu}} || 'way' || See [[Hungarian phonology]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]{{sfnp|Árnason|2011|p=60}}<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Einarsson|1945|p=10}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt|Gussmann|2011|p=73}}</ref> || {{lang|is|[[Icelandic orthography|þ'''ú''']]}} || {{IPA|[θ̠u]|lang=is}} || 'you' || See [[Icelandic phonology]]
|-
| [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indonesian Alphabet and Pronunciation|url=http://mylanguages.org/indonesian_alphabet.php|access-date=2021-05-17|website=mylanguages.org}}</ref>
| Standard Indonesian || {{lang|id|[[Indonesian Spelling System|'''u'''nta]]}} || {{IPA|[unta]|lang=id}} || 'camel' || See [[Indonesian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Italian language|Italian]]{{sfnp|Rogers|d'Arcangeli|2004|p=119}} || {{lang|it|[[Italian orthography|t'''u'''tto]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈt̪ut̪t̪o]|lang=it}} || 'all', 'everything' || See [[Italian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Kaingang language|Kaingang]]{{sfnp|Jolkesky|2009|pp=676–677, 682}} || colspan="2" |  {{IPA|[ˈndukːi]|lang=kgp}}|| 'in the belly'
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] || {{lang|kk|т'''у'''ған}} / {{transliteration|kk|tuğan}} || {{IPA|[t̪ʰuˈʁɑ̝̃n̪]|lang=kk}} || 'native' || Transcribed phonemically as {{angbr IPA|ʊw}}.
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Khmer language|Khmer]] || {{lang|km|[[Khmer script|ភូមិ]]}} / {{transliteration|km|ph'''u'''mĭ}} || {{IPA|[pʰuːm]|lang=km}} || 'village' || See [[Khmer phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Korean language|Korean]] || {{lang|ko-Hang|[[Hangul|눈]]}} / {{transliteration|ko|[[Revised Romanization of Korean|n'''u'''n]]}} || {{IPA|[nuːn]|lang=ko}}|| 'snow'|| See [[Korean phonology]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]]{{sfnp|Thackston|2006a|p=1}}{{sfnp|Khan|Lescot|1970|pp=8-16}}<ref>Fattah describes the sound as being ''voyelle longue centrale arrondie (p. 116)''.</ref> || [[Kurmanji|Kurmanji (Northern)]] || {{lang|ku|[[Kurdish orthography|ç'''û''']]}} || rowspan="3" | {{IPA|[tʃʰuː]|lang=ku}} || rowspan="3" | 'wood' || rowspan="3" | See [[Kurdish phonology]]
|-
| [[Sorani|Sorani (Central)]] || rowspan="2" | {{lang|ku|[[Kurdish orthography|چ'''وو''']]}} / {{transliteration|ku|ç'''û'''}}
|-
| [[Palewani|Palewani (Southern)]]
|-
| [[Latin]] || [[Classical Latin|Classical]]{{sfnp|Wheelock's Latin|1956}} || {{lang|la|[[Latin orthography|s'''u'''s]]}} || {{IPA|[suːs]|lang=la}} || 'pig' || 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Limburgish language|Limburgish]]{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|Aarts|1999|p=159}}{{sfnp|Peters|2006|p=119}} || {{lang|li|sj'''oe'''n}} || {{IPA|[ʃu̟n]|lang=li}} || 'beautiful' || Back{{sfnp|Peters|2006|p=119}} or near-back,{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|Aarts|1999|p=159}} depending on the dialect. The example word is from the [[Maastrichtian dialect]].
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbian]]{{sfnp|Stone|2002|p=600}} || {{lang|dsb|z'''u'''b}} || {{IPA|[z̪up]|lang=dsb}} || 'tooth' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Luxembourgish language|Luxembourgish]]{{sfnp|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|p=70}} || {{lang|lb|L'''uu'''cht}} || {{IPA|[luːχt]|lang=lb}} || 'air' || See [[Luxembourgish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Malay language|Malay]] || {{lang|ms|'''u'''bat}} || {{IPA|[u.bät]|lang=ms}} || 'medicine' || See [[Malay phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] || {{lang|ml|'''ഉ'''പ്പ്}} || {{IPA|upːɨ̆|lang=ml}} || 'salt' || See [[Malayalam phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]{{sfnp|Iivonen|Harnud|2005|pp=62, 66–67}} || {{lang|mn-Cyrl|[[Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet|'''үү'''р]]}} / {{transliteration|mn|üür}} || {{IPA|[uːɾɘ̆]|lang=mn}} || 'nest'||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Mpade language|Mpade]]{{sfnp|Allison|2006}} || {{lang|mpi|k'''u'''s'''u'''m'''u'''}} || {{IPA|[kusumu]|lang=mpi}} || 'mouse' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Nogai language|Nogai]] || {{lang|nog|с'''ув'''}} ||{{IPA|[suː]|lang=nog}}|| 'water'||
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Persian language|Persian]] || {{lang|fa|[[Persian orthography|د'''و'''ر]]}} / {{transliteration|fa|dur}}
|{{IPA|[duɾ]|lang=fa}} || 'far' ||See [[Persian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Polish language|Polish]]{{sfnp|Jassem|2003|p=105}} || {{lang|pl|[[Polish orthography|b'''u'''k]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Pl-buk.ogg|[buk]|help=no}} || 'beech tree' || Also represented orthographically by {{angbr|ó}}. See [[Polish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]{{sfnp|Cruz-Ferreira|1995|p=91}} || {{lang|pt|[[Portuguese orthography|t'''u''']]}} || {{IPA|[ˈtu]|lang=pt}} || 'you' || See [[Portuguese phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Romanian language|Romanian]]{{sfnp|Sarlin|2014|p=18}} || {{lang|ro|[[Romanian alphabet|'''u'''n'''u''']]}} || {{IPA|[ˈun̪u]|lang=ro}} || 'one' || See [[Romanian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Russian language|Russian]]{{sfnp|Jones|Ward|1969|p=67}} || {{lang|ru|[[Russian orthography|'''у'''зкий]]}} / {{transliteration|ru|uzkiy}} / {{transliteration|ru|uzkij}} || {{Audio-IPA|Ru-узкий.ogg|[ˈus̪kʲɪj]|help=no}} || 'narrow' || See [[Russian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] || {{lang|gd|[[Scottish Gaelic orthography|'''ù'''bhlan]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈuːl̪ˠən]|lang=gd}} || 'apples' || Normal realisation of {{IPA|/uː/}} in most dialects. In Lewis and Wester Ross as an allophone in proximity to broad sonorants; {{IPA|/uː/}} elsewhere fronted to {{IPAblink|ʉː}} or {{IPAblink|yː}}.<ref name="SGDS">{{Cite web|title=Aspiration|url=https://doug5181.wixsite.com/sgdsmaps/page9|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-23|website=Scottish Gaelic Dialect Survey|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424000221/https://doug5181.wixsite.com/sgdsmaps/page9 |archive-date=2021-04-24 }}</ref>{{sfnp|Oftedal|1956|p=75–76}}
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Serbo-Croatian]]{{sfnp|Landau|Lončarića|Horga|Škarić|1999|p=67}} || {{lang|sh-Cyrl|[[Serbian Cyrillic alphabet|д'''у'''га]]}} / {{lang|sh-Latn|[[Gaj's Latin alphabet|d'''u'''ga]]}} || {{IPA|[d̪ǔːɡä]|lang=sh}} || 'rainbow' || See [[Serbo-Croatian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Shiwiar language|Shiwiar]]{{sfnp|Fast Mowitz|1975|p=2}} || {{example needed|date=July 2015}} || || ||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]{{sfnp|Martínez-Celdrán|Fernández-Planas|Carrera-Sabaté|2003|p=256}} || {{lang|es|[[Spanish orthography|c'''u'''rable]]}} || {{IPA|[kuˈɾäβ̞le̞]|lang=es}} || 'curable' || See [[Spanish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Sotho language|Sotho]]{{sfnp|Doke|Mofokeng|1974|p=?}} || {{lang|st|[[Sotho orthography|t'''u'''mo]]}} || {{IPA|[tʼumɔ]|lang=st}} || 'fame' || Contrasts close, near-close and close-mid back rounded vowels.{{sfnp|Doke|Mofokeng|1974|p=?}} See [[Sotho phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Swahili language|Swahili]] || {{lang|sw|'''u'''bongo}} || {{IPA|[ubongo]|lang=sw}} || 'brain' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] || {{lang|tl|[[Filipino orthography|'''u'''tang]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈʔutɐŋ]|lang=tl}} || 'debt' ||
|-
| [[Thai language|Thai]] || Standard{{sfnp|Tingsabadh|Abramson|1993|p=24}} || {{lang|th|ชลบุรี}} / {{transliteration|th|chonb'''u'''ri}} || style="text-align:center;" | {{Audio-IPA|th-chonburi.ogg|[tɕ͡ʰōn.bū.rīː]}} || '[[Chonburi Province|Chonburi]]' || 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Turkish language|Turkish]]{{sfnp|Zimmer|Orgun|1999|p=155}}{{sfnp|Göksel|Kerslake|2005|p=11}} || {{lang|tr|[[Turkish alphabet|'''u'''zak]]}} || {{IPA|[uˈz̪äk]|lang=tr}} || 'far' || See [[Turkish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Udmurt language|Udmurt]]{{sfnp|Iivonen|Harnud|2005|pp=64, 68}} || {{lang|udm-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|'''у'''рэтэ]]}} / {{transliteration|udm|urėtė}} || {{IPA|[urete]|lang=udm}} || 'to divide' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]{{sfnp|Danyenko|Vakulenko|1995|p=4}} ||{{lang|uk|[[Ukrainian alphabet|р'''у'''х]]}} / {{transliteration|uk|rukh}} || {{IPA|[rux]|lang=uk}} || 'motion' || See [[Ukrainian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbian]]{{sfnp|Stone|2002|p=600}}{{sfnp|Šewc-Schuster|1984|p=20}} || {{lang|hsb|ž'''u'''k}} || {{IPA|[ʒuk]|lang=hsb}} || 'beetle' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Urdu language|Urdu]] || {{lang|ur|[[Urdu alphabet|دُ'''و'''ر]]|rtl=yes}} / {{transliteration|ur|dur}} || {{IPA|[duɾ]|lang=ur}} || 'far' || See [[Urdu phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Welsh language|Welsh]] || {{lang|cy|m'''w'''g}} || {{IPA|[muːɡ]|lang=cy}} || 'smoke' || See [[Welsh phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" |[[West Frisian language|West Frisian]] || {{lang|fy|j'''û'''n}} || {{IPA|[juːn]|lang=fy}} || 'evening, tonight' || See [[West Frisian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]{{sfnp|Bamgboṣe|1966|p=166}} || {{lang|yo|itọju}} || {{IPA|[itɔju]|lang=yo}} ||  ||
|-
| [[Zapotec languages|Zapotec]]|| [[Tilquiapan Zapotec|Tilquiapan]]{{sfnp|Merrill|2008|p=109}} || {{lang|zts|gd'''u'''}} || {{IPA|[ɡdu]|lang=zts}} || 'all' ||
|}

==Close back compressed vowel==
{{Infobox IPA
|above=Close back compressed vowel
|ipa symbol = u᫦
|ipa symbol2 = ɯᵝ
}}
Some languages, such as [[Japanese language|Japanese]] and [[Swedish language|Swedish]], have a close back vowel that has a distinct [[roundedness#Types of rounding|type of rounding]], called ''compressed'' or ''exolabial''.{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=295}} Only [[Shanghainese]] is known to contrast it with the more typical ''protruded'' (endolabial) close back vowel, but the height of both vowels varies from close to close-mid.{{sfnp|Chen|Gussenhoven|2015|pp=328–329}}

As there are no diacritics in the IPA to distinguish protruded and compressed rounding, an old diacritic for labialization, {{angbr IPA|◌᫦}} (the opposite of {{angbr IPA|◌̫}}), will be used here as an ''ad hoc'' symbol for compressed back vowels. It was only added to Unicode in 2025, however, and it may take some time for font support to catch up. Compression of the lips can be shown with the letter {{IPAalink|β̞}} as {{angbr IPA|ɯ͡β̞}} (simultaneous {{IPA|[ɯ]}} and labial compression) or {{angbr IPA|ɯᵝ}} ({{IPA|[ɯ]}} modified with labial compression), though that can suggest that the vowel is a diphthong (as indeed it is in Swedish). 

===Features===
{{close vowel}}
{{back vowel}}
{{velar}}
{{compressed vowel}}

===Occurrence===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Meaning !! Notes
|-
| [[Chinese language|Chinese]] || [[Shanghainese]]{{sfnp|Chen|Gussenhoven|2015|pp=328–329}} || {{lang|wuu|[[Chinese characters|都]]}}/tub ||{{IPA|[tɯᵝ˩]}} || 'capital' || Height varies between close and close-mid; contrasts with a close to close-mid back protruded vowel.{{sfnp|Chen|Gussenhoven|2015|pp=328–329}}
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Japanese language|Japanese]]{{sfnp|Okada|1999|p=118}} || {{lang|ja|[[Japanese orthography|空気]]}} / {{transliteration|ja|[[Romanization of Japanese|k'''ū'''ki]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|ja-kuuki.ogg|[kɯ̟ᵝːki]|help=no}} || 'air' || Near-back; may be realized as central {{IPAblink|ɨᵝ}} by younger speakers.{{sfnp|Okada|1999|p=118}} See [[Japanese phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Lizu language|Lizu]]{{sfnp|Chirkova|Chen|2013|p=78}} || colspan="2" align="center" | {{IPA|[<sup>F</sup>mɯ̟ᵝ]|lang=}}{{clarify|date=January 2019}} || 'feather' || Near-back.{{sfnp|Chirkova|Chen|2013|p=78}}
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|pp=13, 17}}<ref>While {{Harvcoltxt|Vanvik|1979}} does not describe the exact type of rounding of this vowel, some other sources (e.g. {{Harvcoltxt|Haugen|1974|p=40}} and {{Harvcoltxt|Kristoffersen|2000|p=16}}) state explicitly that it is compressed.</ref> || {{lang|no|[[Norwegian alphabet|m'''o'''t]]}} || {{IPA|[mɯᵝːt]|lang=no}} || 'courage' || The example word is from [[Urban East Norwegian]], in which the vowel can be diphthongized to {{IPA|[ɯᵝə̯]|lang=no}}.{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|p=17}} See [[Norwegian phonology]]
|-
| [[Swedish language|Swedish]] || Central Standard{{sfnp|Engstrand|1999|p=140}}{{sfnp|Rosenqvist|2007|p=9}} || {{lang|sv|[[Swedish alphabet|'''o'''r'''o''']]}} || {{IPA|[²ɯᵝːrɯᵝː]|lang=sv}} || 'unease' || Often realized as a sequence {{IPA|[ɯᵝβ̞]|lang=sv}} or {{IPA|[ɯᵝβ]|lang=sv}}{{sfnp|Engstrand|1999|p=140}} (hear the word: {{Audio-IPA|Sv-oro.ogg|[²ɯᵝβrɯᵝβ]|help=no}}). See [[Swedish phonology]]
|}

==See also==
* [[Index of phonetics articles]]
* [[Close central compressed vowel]]
* [[Close front protruded vowel]]

==Citations==
{{reflist|25em}}

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==External links==
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