View source for Devanagari numerals

{{Short description|Symbols used for numbers in Devanagari}}
{{Table Numeral Systems}}

The '''Devanagari numerals''' are the symbols used to write numbers in the [[Devanagari]] script, predominantly used for northern Indian languages. They are used to write [[decimal]] numbers, instead of the [[Western Arabic numerals]].

==Table==

In modern-era, languages like Hindi, Marathi and Nepali have adopted Devanagari as the standard script, before which they were respectively written using [[Kaithi script|Kaithi]], [[Modi script|Modi]] and [[Newari scripts]].

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Modern<br>Devanagari||rowspan="2"|Western<br>Arabic
! colspan="4" | Words for the cardinal number
|-
! [[Sanskrit]]<br>(wordstem)
! [[Hindi]]
! [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
! [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|० || [[0 (number)|0]] ||शून्य ({{IAST|śūnya}}) || शून्य<ref>{{cite web |title=शून्य (Shoony) का तद्भव - Hindi Tutor |url=https://hinditutor.in/qa/97246/शून्य-shoony-का-तद्भव |website=hinditutor.in}}</ref> ({{IAST|śūnya}})|| शून्य ({{IAST|śūnya}})|| {{Lang|ne|शून्य}} ({{Lang|ne-Latn|śūnya}}) — colloq.सुन्ना<ref>{{cite web |title=सुन्ना |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/सुन्ना#Nepali |website=Wiktionary, the free dictionary |language=en |date=28 February 2021}}</ref> ({{IAST|sunnā}})
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|१ || [[1 (number)|1]] ||{{Lang|sa|एक}} ({{Lang|sa-Latn|eka}}) ||एक ({{IAST|ek}}) || एक ({{IAST|ek}})|| एक ({{IAST|ek}})
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|२ || [[2 (number)|2]] ||द्वि ({{IAST|dvi}}) ||दो ({{IAST|do}}) || दोन ({{IAST|don}})|| दुई ({{IAST|dui}})
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|३ || [[3 (number)|3]] ||त्रि ({{IAST|tri}}) ||तीन ({{IAST|tīn}}) || तीन ({{IAST|tīn}})|| तिन ({{IAST|tīn}})
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|४ || [[4 (number)|4]] ||चतुर् ({{IAST|catur}}) ||चार ({{IAST|cār}}) || चार ({{IAST|cār}})|| चारि ({{IAST|cāri}})
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|५ || [[5 (number)|5]] ||पञ्च ({{IAST|pañca}}) ||पाँच ({{IAST|pāñc}}) || पाच ({{IAST|pāch}})|| पाँच ({{IAST|pāñc}})
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|६ || [[6 (number)|6]] ||षष् ({{IAST|ṣaṣ}})||छह ({{IAST|chah}}) || सहा ({{IAST|sahā}})|| छ ({{IAST|chha}})
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|७ || [[7 (number)|7]] ||सप्त ({{IAST|sapta}}) ||सात ({{IAST|sāt}}) || सात ({{IAST|sāt}})|| सात ({{IAST|sāt}})
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|८ || [[8 (number)|8]] ||अष्ट ({{IAST|aṣṭa}}) ||आठ ({{IAST|āṭh}}) || आठ ({{IAST|āṭh}})|| आठ ({{IAST|āṭh}})
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|९ || [[9 (number)|9]] ||नव ({{IAST|nava}}) ||नौ ({{IAST|nau}}) || नऊ ({{IAST|naū}})|| नौ ({{IAST|nau}})

|}

The word {{IAST|śūnya}} for zero was [[calque]]d into [[Arabic language|Arabic]] as {{lang|ar|صفر|rtl=yes}} {{lang|ar-Latn|sifr}}, meaning 'nothing', which became the term "zero" in many European languages via [[Medieval Latin]] {{Lang|la-x-medieval|zephirum}}.<ref name="Zero">{{cite web|url=https://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=zero|title=zero - Origin and meaning of zero by Online Etymology Dictionary|website=www.etymonline.com}} </ref> In [[Hindustani language]], it was borrowed from Arabic (via Persian) as {{linktext|सिफ़र}} ({{IAST|sifar}}).

==Variants==
{{moreref|section|date=September 2017}}
[[File:Sanskrit_Arabic_numerals.jpg|thumb|A comparison of Sanskrit and [[Eastern Arabic numerals]]]]
Devanagari digits shapes may vary depending on geographical area or epoch. Some of the variants are also seen in older Sanskrit literature.<ref>[https://mirrors.ctan.org/language/devanagari/velthuis/doc/manual.pdf Devanagari for TEX version 2.17], page 22</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Alternate digits in Devanagari|url=http://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=entry_detail&uid=hvzj8v9yrg|publisher=Scriptsource.org|access-date=13 September 2017}}</ref>
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;padding:8px"
|-
! १
| [[File:Devanagari Numeral 1 var 1.png|x27px]] <br /> Common
| [[File:Devanagari Numeral 1 var 2.png|x26px]] <br /> Nepali
| 1
|-
! ५
| [[File:Devanagari Numeral 5 var 1.png|x26px]] <br /> "Bombay" Variant
| [[File:Devanagari Numeral 5 var 2.png|x24px]] <br /> "Calcutta" Variant
| 5
|-
! ८
| [[File:Devanagari Numeral 8 var 1.png|x22px]] <br /> "Bombay" Variant
| [[File:Devanagari Numeral 8 var 2.png|x18px]] <br /> "Calcutta" Variant
| 8
|-
! ९
| [[File:Devanagari Numeral 9 var 1.png|x26px]] <br /> Common
| [[File:Devanagari Numeral 9 var 2.png|x24px]] <br /> Nepali Variant
| 9
|}

In Nepali language '''५, ८, ९''' (5, 8, 9) - these numbers are slightly different from modern Devanagari numbers. In Nepali language uses old Devanagari system for writing these numbers, like '''{{lang|ne|५}}, {{lang|ne|८}}, {{lang|ne|९}}'''

==See also==
*[[Indian numbering system]]
*[[Numbers in Nepali language]]

==References==
;Notes
{{Reflist}}
;Sources
*[http://www.mandalar.com/DisplayJ/Bonji/index6_E.html Sanskrit Siddham (Bonji) Numbers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207094714/http://www.mandalar.com/DisplayJ/Bonji/index6_E.html |date=2009-02-07 }}
*[https://barala.com.np/number-words.php Devanagari Numbers in Nepali language]

{{Nepali language}}
{{Devanagari abugida}}

[[Category:Numerals]]