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{{Short description|Monetary currency unit of some countries}}
{{other uses}}
[[File:Dinar.svg|thumb|300px|right|Nations in dark green currently use a currency known as the dinar. Nations in light green previously used a dinar. States of [[former Yugoslavia]] appear in the inset to the lower left.]]

The '''dinar''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ɪ|ˈ|n|ɑː|r}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|iː|n|ɑː|(|ɹ|)}}) is the name of the principal [[currency]] unit in several countries near the [[Mediterranean Sea]], with a more widespread historical use. The English word "dinar" is the transliteration of the [[Arabic]] {{lang|ar|دينار}} ({{lang|ar-Latn|dīnār}}), which was borrowed via the [[Syriac language|Syriac]] {{lang|syc-Latn|dīnarā}} from the [[Latin language|Latin]] {{lang|la|[[denarius|dēnārius]]}}.<ref>''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', Second edition, 1989, ''s.v.'' "dinar"; online version November 2010</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Versteegh |first1=C. H. M. |title=The Arabic Language |last2=Versteegh |first2=Kees |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-7486-1436-3 |page=60}}</ref>

The [[modern gold dinar]] is a projected [[bullion]] [[gold coin]], and {{as of|2019|lc=on}} is not issued as an official currency by any state.

== History ==
[[File:Coin of Stefan Uroš I.jpg|thumb|150px|right| Silver dinar from the reign of Serbian king [[Stefan Uroš I]] (1243–1255).]]

The modern dinar's historical antecedents are the [[Eastern Roman]] silver denarius (greek δηνάριο - "dinario"), and [[gold dinar]] and the [[silver dirham]], the main coin of the medieval [[Islamic empire]]s, first issued in [[Islamic calendar|AH]]&nbsp;77 (696–697&nbsp;AD) ([[Late Antiquity]]) by [[Caliph]] [[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan]].  The word "dinar" derives from the Latin word "[[denarius|''dēnārius'']],"  a silver coin of [[Ancient Roman coinage|ancient Rome]], which was first minted about c. 211 BC.

The [[Kushan Empire]] introduced a gold coin known as the ''dīnāra'' in India in the 1st century AD; the [[Gupta Empire]] and its successors up to the 6th century adopted the coin.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Friedberg |first1=Arthur L. |url={{Google books|TlnoMdZu40UC |Gold Coins of the World|page= 457|plainurl= yes}} |title=Gold Coins of the World: From Ancient Times to the Present |last2=Friedberg |first2=Ira S. |publisher=Coin & Currency Institute |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-87184-308-1 |page=457}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Mookerji |first=Radhakumud |title=The Gupta Empire |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-208-0440-1 |pages=30–31}}</ref>

The 8th-century English king [[Offa of Mercia]] minted [[Offa's imitation dinar|imitations]] of [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid]] dinars struck in 774 by Caliph [[al-Mansur]] with "Offa Rex" centred on the reverse.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coin &#124; British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?assetId=31108001&objectId=1093298&partId=1}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=TGkz9NGFXIMC&pg=PA327&dq=manqush+coin#PPA330,M1 ''Medieval European Coinage''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812144733/https://books.google.com/books?id=TGkz9NGFXIMC&pg=PA327&dq=manqush+coin#PPA330,M1 |date=2023-08-12 }} by Philip Grierson, p. 330.</ref> The [[moneyer]] likely had no understanding of [[Arabic language|Arabic]] as the Arabic text contains many errors. Such coins may have been produced for trade with [[Al-Andalus|Islamic Spain]]. These coins are called a [[Mancus]], which is also derived from the [[Arabic language]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE GOLD "MANCUS" - jstor |jstor=42680243 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42680243}}</ref>

== Legal tender ==

=== Countries with current usage ===
Countries currently using a currency called "dinar" or similar:[[File:Dinar of Abd al-Malik, AH 75.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Umayyad Caliphate]] golden dinar.]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Countries
! Currency
! [[ISO 4217]] code
|-
| {{flag|Algeria}}
| [[Algerian dinar]]
| DZD
|-
| {{flag|Bahrain}}
| [[Bahraini dinar]]
| BHD
|-
| {{flag|Iraq}}
| [[Iraqi dinar]]
| IQD
|-
| {{flag|Jordan}}
| [[Jordanian dinar]]
| JOD
|-
| {{flag|Kuwait}}
| [[Kuwaiti dinar]]
| KWD
|-
| {{flag|Libya}}
| [[Libyan dinar]]
| LYD
|-
| {{flag|North Macedonia}}
| [[Macedonian denar]]
| MKD<br>MKN (1992−1993)
|-
| {{flag|Serbia}}
| [[Serbian dinar]]
| RSD<br>CSD (2003–2006)
|-
| {{Flag|Tunisia}}
| [[Tunisian dinar]]
| TND
|}

====As a subunit====
*{{frac|100}} of the [[Iranian rial]]

=== Countries with former usage ===
Countries and regions which have previously used a currency called "dinar" in the 20th century:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Countries
! Currency
! [[ISO 4217]] code
! Used
! Replaced by
|-
|{{flag|Abu Dhabi}}|| [[Bahraini dinar]]||BHD||1966–1973||[[United Arab Emirates Dirham]]
|-
|{{flag|Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}|| [[Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar]]||BAD||1992–1998||[[Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark]]
|-
|{{flag| Cornwall}}||  [[Cornish currency|Cornish Dynar]] || ||900 – 1960:||GBP
|-
|{{flag|Croatia}}|| [[Croatian dinar]]||HRD||1991–1994||[[Croatian kuna]]
|-
|{{flag|Iran}}||colspan=4|[[Iranian rial]] was divided into at first 1250 and then 100 dinars
|-
|{{flag|South Yemen}}|| rowspan="2" |[[Yemeni dinar]]|| rowspan="2" |YDD||1965–1990 || rowspan="2" | [[Yemeni rial]]
|-
|{{Flag|Yemen}}
|1990–1996
|-
|{{flag|Sudan}}||[[Sudanese dinar]]||SDD||1992–2007 || [[Sudanese pound]]
|-
|{{flag|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}}<hr />{{flag|SFR Yugoslavia}}<hr />{{flag|FR Yugoslavia}}
|[[Yugoslav dinar]]||YUF (1945–1965)<br>YUD (1965–1989)<br>YUN (1990–1992)<br>YUR (1992–1993)<br>YUO (1993)<br>YUG (1994)<br>YUM (1994–2003)||1918–2003|| [[Serbian dinar]]
|}

==See also==

{{Portal|Money|Numismatics}}

* [[Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]]
* [[Kelantanese dinar]]
* [[Islamic State dinar]]
* [[List of circulating currencies]]
* [[Middle East economic integration]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

{{commons category|Dinar}}
{{wiktionary|dinero}}
* {{numis cite SCWC | date=2004}}
* [http://www.islamdag.info/news/1348 Malaysia: Kelantan collects Zakat in Shariah money]

{{Dinar}}
{{Islamic banking and finance}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Dinar| ]]
[[Category:Denominations (currency)]]
[[Category:Islamic banking]]
[[Category:Islamic banking and finance terminology]]
[[Category:Modern obsolete currencies]]