View source for Gloydius

{{Short description|Genus of snakes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Mamushi togurosugata.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Gloydius blomhoffii]]'', Japanese mamushi
| taxon = Gloydius
| authority = [[:fr:Alphonse Richard Hoge|Hoge]] & [[species:Sylvia Alma Renata Wilma Lemos Romano-Hoge|Romano-Hoge]], 1981
| synonyms = *''Trigonocephalus'' <br>{{small|— [[Heinrich Kuhl|Kuhl]] & [[Johan Coenraad van Hasselt|van Hasselt]], 1822}}
*''Halys'' <br>{{small|— [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1849}}
*''Ancistrodon'' <br>{{small|— [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1896}}
*''Agkistrodon'' <br>{{small|— [[Leonhard Stejneger|Stejneger]], 1907}}
*''Gloydius'' <br>{{small|Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1981}}
*''Gloydins'' [sic] <br>{{small|Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1983}} <br>(''[[ex errore]]'')
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="McD99">[[:fr:Roy Wallace McDiarmid|McDiarmid RW]], [[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]], [[species:T'Shaka A. Touré|Touré TA]] (1999). ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1.'' Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).</ref>
}}

'''''Gloydius''''' is a [[genus]] of [[Crotalinae|pit vipers]] [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Asia]], also known as '''Asian moccasins''' or '''Asian ground pit vipers'''. Named after [[United States|American]] [[herpetologist]] [[Howard K. Gloyd]],<ref>[[species:Bo Beolens|Beolens, Bo]]; [[species:Michael Watkins|Watkins, Michael]]; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (''Gloydius'', p. 102).</ref> this genus is very similar to the [[North America]]n genus ''[[Agkistrodon]]''. 24 [[species]] are currently recognized.<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=634414 |taxon=''Gloydius '' |accessdate=17 October 2006}}</ref>

==Geographic range==
Species of ''Gloydius'' are found in [[Russia]], east of the [[Ural Mountains]] through [[Siberia]], [[Iran]], [[Himalayas]] from [[Pakistan]], [[India]], [[Nepal]], [[China]], [[Korea]], [[Japan]] and the [[Ryukyu Islands]].<ref name="McD99"/>

==Species==
{|cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse;"
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Species<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Taxon author<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Subsp.*<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Common name<ref name="Gum04">[[species:Andreas Gumprecht|Gumprecht A]], [[species:Frank Tillack|Tillack F]], [[:fr:Nikolaï Orlov|Orlov NL]], [[Ashok Captain|Captain A]], [[species:Sergei Aleksandrovich Ryabov|Ryabov S]] (2004). ''Asian Pitvipers''. First Edition. Berlin: Geitje Books. 368 pp. {{ISBN|3-937975-00-4}}.</ref>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Geographic range<ref name="McD99"/>
|-
|''[[Gloydius angusticeps|G. angusticeps]]''
|[[species:Jing-Song Shi|J. Shi]], [[species:Dian-Chen Yang|Yang]], [[species:Song Huang|Huang]], [[species:Nikolai Liutsianovich Orlov|Orlov]] & [[species:Pi-Peng Li|P. Li]], 2018
|align="center"|0
|Zoige pit viper
|style="width:40%"|[[China]], (Sichuan, Qinghai, and Gansu).
|-
|''[[Gloydius blomhoffii|G. blomhoffii]]''
|([[Heinrich Boie|H. Boie]], 1826)
|align="center"|0
|Japanese mamushi
|style="width:40%"|[[Japan]].
|-
|''[[Gloydius brevicauda|G. brevicauda]]''
|([[Leonhard Stejneger|Stejneger]], 1907)
|align="center"|0
|Short-tailed mamushi
|style="width:40%"|[[North Korea]], [[South Korea]], and [[China]].
|-
|''[[Gloydius caraganus|G. caraganus]]''
|([[Karl Eichwald|Eichwald]], 1831)
|align="center"|0
|Karaganda pitviper
|style="width:40%"|[[Uzbekistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], and [[Kazakhstan]].
|-
|''[[Gloydius caucasicus|G. caucasicus]]''
|([[Alexander Nikolsky|Nikolsky]], 1916)
|align="center"|0
|Caucasian pitviper
|style="width:40%"|[[Turkmenistan]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Iran]], and [[Afghanistan]].
|-
|''[[Gloydius chambensis|G. chambensis]]''
|Kuttalam, Santra, Owens, Selvan, Mukherjee, Graham, Togridou, Bharti, Shi, [[species:Kartik Shanker|Shanker]] & [[species:Anita Malhotra|Malhotra]], 2022<ref name=EJT>{{cite journal |author1=Kuttalam, Sourish |author2=Santra, Vishal |author3=Owens, John Benjamin |author4=Selvan, Melvin |author5=Mukherjee, Nilanjan |author6=Graham, Stuart |author7=Togridou, Anatoli |author8=Bharti, Omesh K. |author9=Shi, Jingsong |author9-link=species:Jing-Song Shi |author10=Shanker, Kartik |author10-link=species:Kartik Shanker |author11=Malhotra, Anita |author11-link=species:Anita Malhotra |year=2022 |title=Phylogenetic and morphological analysis of ''Gloydius himalayanus'' (Serpentes, Viperidae, Crotalinae), with the description of a new species |journal=European Journal of Taxonomy |issue=852 |pages=1–30 |doi=10.5852/ejt.2022.852.2003|s2cid=254676412|doi-access=free |bibcode=2022EJTax.852.2003K }} (''Gloydius chambensis'', new species).</ref>
|align="center"|0
| Chamba pitviper
|style="width:40%"|[[Chamba District]], [[ Himachal Pradesh]].
|-
|''[[Gloydius changdaoensis|G. changdaoensis]]''
|[[species:Li-Jian Li|L. Li]], 1999
|align="center"|0
|
|style="width:40%"|[[China]].
|-
|''[[Gloydius cognatus|G. cognatus]]''
|([[Howard K. Gloyd|Gloyd]], 1977)
|align="center"|0
|Alashan pitviper
|style="width:40%"|[[China]].
|-
|''[[Gloydius halys|G. halys]]''<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>T</sup></span>
|([[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1776)
|align="center"|4
|Siberian pitviper
|[[Russia]], east of the [[Ural Mountains]] through [[Siberia]], [[Iran]], [[Mongolia]] to northern and central [[China]], as well as the southern [[Ryukyu Islands]].
|-
|''[[Gloydius himalayanus|G. himalayanus]]''
|([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1864)
|align="center"|0
|Himalayan pitviper
|Along the southern slopes of the [[Himalayas]] from northeastern [[Pakistan]], to northern [[India]] ([[Kashmir region|Kashmir]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]) and [[Nepal]]. Found at 1524–3048&nbsp;m altitude.
|-
|''[[Gloydius huangi|G. huangi]]''
|[[species:Kai Wang|K. Wang]], [[species:Jin-Long Ren|Ren]], [[species:Wen-Jie Dong|Dong]], [[species:Ke Jiang|Jiang]], Shi, [[species:Cameron D. Siler|Siler]] & [[species:Jing Che|Che]], 2019
|align="center"|0
|Lancang Plateau viper
|Tibet.
|-
|''[[Gloydius intermedius|G. intermedius]]''
|([[Alexander Strauch (naturalist)|Strauch]], 1868)
|align="center"|0
|Central Asian pitviper
|Southeastern [[Azerbaijan]], northern Iran, southern [[Turkmenistan]], northwestern [[Afghanistan]], southern Russia, northwestern China and Mongolia.
|-
|''[[Gloydius lateralis|G. lateralis]]''
|[[species:Mei-Hua Zhang|Zhang]], [[species:Sheng-Chao Shi|S. Shi]], [[species:Cheng Li|C. Li]], [[species:Peng Yan|Yan]], [[species:Ping Wang|P. Wang]], [[species:Li Ding|Ding]], [[species:Jie Du|Du]], [[species:Anđelka Plenković-Moraj|Plenković-Moraj]], [[species:Jian-Ping Jiang|Jiang]] & J. Shi, 2022
|align="center"|0
|
|[[Jiuzhaigou County]], [[China]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Mei-Hua |author1-link=species:Mei-Hua Zhang |last2=Shi |first2=Sheng-Chao |author2-link=species:Sheng-Chao Shi |last3=Li |first3=Cheng |author3-link=species:Cheng Li |last4=Yan |first4=Peng |author4-link=species:Peng Yan |last5=Wang |first5=Ping |author5-link=species:Ping Wang |last6=Ding |first6=Li |author6-link=species:Li Ding |last7=Du |first7=Jie |author7-link=species:Jie Du |last8=Plenković-Moraj |first8=Anđelka |author8-link=species:Anđelka Plenković-Moraj |last9=Jiang |first9=Jian-Ping |author9-link=species:Jian-Ping Jiang |last10=Shi |first10=Jing-Song |author10-link=species:Jing-Song Shi |date=2022-07-25 |title=Exploring cryptic biodiversity in a world heritage site: a new pitviper (Squamata, Viperidae, Crotalinae) from Jiuzhaigou, Aba, Sichuan, China |url=https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/79709/ |journal=ZooKeys |language=en |issue=1114 |pages=59–76 |doi=10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709 |pmid=36761701 |pmc=9848824 |issn=1313-2970|doi-access=free|bibcode=2022ZooK.1114...59Z }} (''Gloydius lateralis'', new species).</ref>
|-
|''[[Gloydius lipipengi|G. lipipengi]]''
|J. Shi, [[species:Jin-Cheng Liu|J-C. Liu]] & Malhotra, 2021
|align="center"|0
|Nujiang pit viper
|[[China]].
|-
|''[[Gloydius liupanensis|G. liupanensis]]''
|[[species:Nai-Fa Liu|N. Liu]], [[species:Zhi-Ming Song|Z. Song]] & [[species:Wen-Ying Luo|Luo]], 1989
|align="center"|0
|
|Gansu, [[China]].
|-
|''[[Gloydius monticola|G. monticola]]''
|([[Franz Werner|F. Werner]], 1922)
|align="center"|0
|Likiang pitviper
|The mountains of northern [[Yunnan]] in China.
|-
|''[[Gloydius qinlingensis|G. qinlingensis]]''
|([[species:Ming-Tao Song|M. Song]] & [[species:Fu-Guan Chen|F. Chen]], 1985)
|align="center"|0
|
|Shaanxi, [[China]].
|-
|''[[Gloydius rickmersi|G. rickmersi]]''
|[[species:Philipp Wagner|Wagner]], [[species:Arthur Tiutenko|Tiutenko]], [[species:Leo J. Borkin|Borkin]] & [[species:Evgeniy Simonov|Simonov]], 2015
|align="center"|0
|
|Kyrgyzstan
|-
|''[[Gloydius rubromaculatus|G. rubromaculatus]]''
|J. Shi, P.Li & [[species:Jun Liu|J. Liu]], 2017
|align="center"|0
|
|style="width:40%"|Tibetan Plateau.
|-
|''[[Gloydius saxatilis|G. saxatilis]]''
|([[species:Alexander Adrianovich Emelianov|Emelianov]], 1937)
|align="center"|0
|Rock mamushi<ref name="G&C90">[[Howard K. Gloyd|Gloyd HK]], [[Roger Conant (herpetologist)|Conant R]] (1990). ''Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review.'' Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 614 pp., 52 plates. LCCN 89-50342. {{ISBN|0-916984-20-6}}.</ref>
|Russia (eastern [[Siberia]]), northeastern China and [[North Korea|North]] and [[South Korea]].
|-
|''[[Gloydius shedaoensis|G. shedaoensis]]''
|([[Er-mi Zhao|Zhao]], 1979)
|align="center"|0
|Shedao island pitviper
|Shedao Island, off the coast of [[Liaotung]], China.
|-
|''[[Gloydius stejnegeri|G. stejnegeri]]''
|([[Hialmar Rendahl|Rendahl]], 1933)
|align="center"|0
|Gobi pitviper
|style="width:40%"|[[China]] and [[Mongolia]].
|-
|''[[Gloydius strauchi|G. strauchi]]''
|([[Jacques von Bedriaga|Bedriaga]], 1912)
|align="center"|0
|Strauch's pitviper
|The [[Tibetan Plateau]] in the provinces of [[Qinghai|Tsinghai]] and western [[Sichuan|Szechwan]], China.
|-
|''[[Gloydius swild|G. swild]]''
|J. Shi & Malhotra, 2021
|align="center"|0
|
|[[China]].
|-
|''[[Gloydius tsushimaensis|G. tsushimaensis]]''
|([[species:Kiyoshi Isogawa|Isogawa]], [[species:Akira Moriya|Moriya]] & [[species:Sadaaki Mitsui|Mitsui]], 1994)
|align="center"|0
|Tsushima Island pitviper
|[[Tsushima Island]], [[Japan]].
|-
|''[[Gloydius ussuriensis|G. ussuriensis]]''
|(Emelianov, 1929)
|align="center"|0
|Ussuri mamushi
|Far east Russia ([[Primorsky Krai|Primorskiy Kray]]), northeastern China, North and South Korea, as well as [[Jeju Island|Quelpart Island]].
|}
(*) Not including the [[Nominotypical subspecies|nominate subspecies]].<br>
<span style="font-size:100%;">(<sup>T</sup></span>) [[Type species]].

In the above list, a taxon author in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a different genus.

==Taxonomy==
Due to the strong [[morphology (biology)|morphological]] similarity, these snakes were classified in the genus ''Agkistrodon'' until very recently. However, by 1999 [[cladistic]] studies clearly showed that  ''Agkistrodon'' did not form a [[clade]] (indeed, it was not even [[paraphyletic]]) and was thus split into several [[genus|genera]].

A new species, ''G. tsushimaensis'', was described by Isogawa, Moriya & Mitsui (1994). It is referred to as the Tsushima island pitviper and is found only on Tsushima Island, Japan.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
*[[:fr:Alphonse Richard Hoge|Hoge AR]], [[species:Sylvia Alma Renata Wilma de Lemos Romano-Hoge|Romano-Hoge SA]] (1981). "Poisonous Snakes of the World. I. Checklist of the Pitvipers: Viperoidea, Viperidae, Crotalinae". ''Memórias do Instituto Butantan'' '''42/43''': 179-309. (''Gloydius'', new genus).
*[[species:Kiyoshi Isogawa|Isogawa, Kiyoshi]]; [[species:Akira Moriya|Moriya, Akira]]; [[species:Sadaaki Mitsui|Mitsui, Sadaaki]] (1994). "A new snake from the genus ''Agkistrodon'' (Serpentes: Viperidae) from Tsushima Island, Nagasaki Prefecture". ''Japanese Journal of Herpetology'' '''15''': 101-111. (''Agkistrodon tsushimaensis'', new species).
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
*{{NRDB genus|genus=Gloydius|date=12 December|year=2007}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20040808141541/http://www.kingsnake.com/toxinology/old/taxonomy.html Taxonomy comparison] by Dr. [[Wolfgang Wüster]] at [https://web.archive.org/web/20040815074517/http://www.kingsnake.com/toxinology/old/ Dr. Brian Grieg Fry's Int'l Venom & Toxin Database]. Accessed 25 July 2007.


{{Taxonbar|from=Q2177129}}

[[Category:Gloydius| ]]
[[Category:Snakes of Asia]]
[[Category:Snake genera]]