View source for In the Realm of the Senses

{{Short description|1976 Japanese film by Nagisa Ōshima}}
{{Redirect|Ai no Corrida|the song|Ai No Corrida (song)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name           = In the Realm of the Senses
| image          = In the Realm of the Senses.jpg
| alt            =
| caption        = Japanese theatrical poster
| director       = [[Nagisa Ōshima]]
| producer       = {{Plainlist|
* [[Anatole Dauman]]
* [[Alberto Grimaldi]]
* [[Kōji Wakamatsu]]
}}
| based_on       = Inspired by a true story of [[Sada Abe]], influenced by ''[[The World of Geisha]]'' directed by [[Tatsumi Kumashiro]]
| screenplay     = Nagisa Ōshima
| starring       = {{Plainlist|
* [[Eiko Matsuda]]
* [[Tatsuya Fuji]]
}}
| music          = [[Minoru Miki]]
| cinematography = Hideo Ito
| editing        = Keiichi Uraoka
| studio         = {{Unbulleted list |Argos Films|Oceanic|Produzioni Europee Associati|Oshima Productions}}
| distributor    = {{Plainlist |
* Argos Films (France)
* Titanus (Italy)
* [[Toho|Toho-Towa]] (Japan)
}}
| released       = {{Film date|df=y|1976|09|15|France|1976|10|16|Japan}}
| runtime        = {{Unbulleted list |102 minutes (Producer's Cut)|108 minutes (original theatrical cut)}}
| country        = {{Unbulleted list |France|Italy|Japan}}
| language       = Japanese
| budget         =
| gross          = {{Plainlist |
* $7.65 million (France/Germany)
* 1,424,906 [[Swedish krona|kr]] (Sweden)
 }}
}}

'''''In the Realm of the Senses''''' ({{langx|fr|link=no|L'Empire des sens}}, Japanese: {{Nihongo2|愛のコリーダ}}, ''Ai no Korīda'', "Bullfight of Love"<ref name=Turim>{{cite book|last=Turim|first=Maureen|title=The Films of Oshima Nagisa: Images of a Japanese Iconoclast|pages=[https://archive.org/details/filmsofoshimanag00turi/page/126 126–127]|year=1998|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|location=Berkeley|isbn=0-520-20666-5|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/filmsofoshimanag00turi/page/126}}</ref>) is a 1976 [[erotic film|erotic]] [[art film]] written and directed by [[Nagisa Ōshima]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.criterion.com/current/posts/1108-in-the-realm-of-the-senses-some-notes-on-oshima-and-pornography|work=Criterion|title=In the Realm of the Senses: Some Notes on Oshima and Pornography|access-date=13 March 2012|author=Richie, Donald}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/in-the-realm-of-passion-v15751|work=[[Allmovie]]|title=In the Realm of Passion|access-date=8 December 2012|author=Fountain, Clarke}}</ref> It is a fictionalised and sexually explicit treatment of a 1936 murder committed by [[Sada Abe]].<ref name="Buckley">{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Contemporary Japanese Culture|editor=Sandra Buckley|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=14 December 2001|pages=9|isbn=0-415-14344-6}}</ref> An international coproduction of France and Japan, the film generated great [[controversy]] at the time of its release.<ref name="Buckley"/> The film had the involvement of [[pink film]] luminary [[Kōji Wakamatsu]] as co-screenwriter and assistant producer.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crispim |first=Pedro |title=Kōji Wakamatsu: Alienation and the Womb |url=https://disegno.mome.hu/articles/Disegno-2022_1-Total-Cinema-Film-and-Design-Pedro-Crispim.pdf |journal=Disegno Journal of Design Culture |year=2022 |volume=6 |publication-date=2022 |issue=1 |pages={{!}}pp=34–53 |doi=10.21096/disegno_2022_1pc|s2cid=255084597 }}</ref> While intended for mainstream [[wide release]], the film contains scenes of [[Unsimulated sex|unsimulated sexual activity]] between the actors ([[Eiko Matsuda]] and [[Tatsuya Fuji]], among others).

==Plot==
In 1936 Tokyo, Sada Abe is a former prostitute who now works as a maid in a hotel. The hotel's owner, Kichizo Ishida, initiates an intense affair that consists of sexual experiments and various self-indulgences. Ishida leaves his wife to pursue his affair with Sada. Sada becomes increasingly possessive and jealous of Ishida, and Ishida more eager to please her. Their mutual obsession escalates until Ishida finds that she is most excited by [[Erotic asphyxiation|strangling him during lovemaking]], and he is killed in this fashion. Sada then [[Penis removal|severs his penis]]. While she is shown next to him naked, it is mentioned that she will walk around with his organ for four days before being arrested while smiling radiantly. Words written with blood can be read on his chest: "Sada Kichi the two of us forever."

==Themes==
The film explores themes of sexual obsession, power dynamics, and the blurred lines between violence and love, representing extreme consequences of resistance to social repression.<ref>{{Cite book |first=Joan |last=Mellen |title=In the realm of the senses = Ai no corrida |date=2004 |publisher=Bfi |isbn=1-84457-034-7 |oclc=915749093}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Knauss |first1=Stefanie |title=Deathly Passion: "Oshima"'s "in the Realm of the Senses" and the Transgressive Character of Sexuality and Religion |journal=Literature and Theology |date=2009 |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=332–343 |doi=10.1093/litthe/frp039 |jstor=23927566 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23927566 |issn=0269-1205|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Eiko Matsuda]] as [[Sada Abe]]
* [[Tatsuya Fuji]] as Kichizō Ishida
* Aoi Nakajima as Toku
* Yasuko Matsui as Tagawa Inn manager
* Meika Seri as Matsuko
* Kanae Kobayashi as old geisha Kikuryū
* [[Taiji Tonoyama]] as old beggar
* Kyôji Kokonoe as teacher Ōmiya
* Naomi Shiraishi as geisha Yaeji
* Komikichi Hori as Mitsuwa Geisha
}}

==Title==
The film was released under the title of ''In the Realm of the Senses'' in the U.S. and the U.K., and under ''L'Empire des sens'' (''Empire of the Senses'') in France. The French title was taken from [[Roland Barthes]]'s book about Japan, ''L'Empire des signes'' (''Empire of Signs'', 1970).<ref name=Turim/>

The original Japanese title ''Ai no Korīda'' was later reimagined as the title of the 1980 funk song "[[Ai No Corrida (song)|Ai No Corrida]]", originally recorded by [[Chaz Jankel]] and later brought to success by [[Quincy Jones]] in 1981.<ref>{{cite book|author=Simon Matthews |title=Looking for a New England|url={{Google Books |rHMLEAAAQBAJ|page=1842|plain-url=yes}}|date=2021|isbn=9780857304124|page=1842 |publisher=Oldcastle Books |via=Google Books}}</ref>

==Censorship==
Strict censorship laws in Japan would not have allowed the film to be made according to Ōshima's vision.<ref name="Buckley"/> This obstruction was bypassed by officially listing the production as a French enterprise, and the undeveloped footage was shipped to France for processing and editing. At its premiere in Japan, the film's sexual activity was optically [[censorship in Japan|censored]] using reframing and blurring.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/1108-in-the-realm-of-the-senses-some-notes-on-oshima-and-pornography|title=In the Realm of the Senses: Some Notes on Oshima and Pornography|work=The Criterion Collection}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/26/movies/homevideo/26kehr.html|title=Nagisa Oshima's Realm of Restraint and Precision|date=26 April 2009|work=The New York Times}}</ref> A book with stills and script notes from the film was published by San’ichishobo, and in 1976 the Japanese government brought obscenity charges against Ōshima and San’ichishobo.<ref name=Alexander>Alexander, James R., Obscenity, Pornography, and Law in Japan: Reconsidering Oshima's 'In the Realm of the Senses' (17 April 2012). Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal, vol. 4 (winter 2003), pp. 148-168., Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2041314</ref> Ōshima testified in the trial and said. "Nothing that is expressed is obscene. What is obscene is what is hidden."<ref>{{cite news|last=Lim|first=Dennis|title=Nagisa Oshima, Iconoclastic Filmmaker, Dies at 80|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/16/movies/nagisa-oshima-iconoclastic-filmmaker-dies-at-80.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=15 January 2013|access-date=15 January 2013}}</ref> Ōshima and the publisher were found not guilty in 1979; the government appealed and the Tokyo High Court upheld the verdict in 1982.<ref name=Alexander/>

In the United States, the film was initially banned upon its premiere at the 1976 [[New York Film Festival]]<ref name="bbcnews">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-21030965 |title=In the Realm of the Senses director Nagisa Oshima dies at 80 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=2013-01-15 |access-date=2019-05-16 |quote=The film fell foul of censors in Germany, the UK and the US - where it was seized by customs officials ahead of a planned screening at the New York Film Festival. }}</ref> but was later screened uncut, and a similar fate awaited the film when it was released in West Germany. It was also banned because of a scene in which Kichi pushes an [[egg]] into Sada's [[vagina]], forcing her to push it out before Kichi eats the egg. The film was not available on home video until 1990, although it was sometimes seen uncut in [[Film society|film clubs]].

At the time, the only European country in which the film was banned was [[Belgium]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cinemazuid.be/nl/film/het-rijk-der-zinnen-l%E2%80%99empire-des-sensai-no-corrida |title=Cinemazuid |website=Cinemazuid.be |date=2013-04-25 |access-date=2016-01-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125215805/http://www.cinemazuid.be/nl/film/het-rijk-der-zinnen-l%E2%80%99empire-des-sensai-no-corrida |archive-date=2016-01-25 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cobra.canvas.be/cm/cobra/videozone/dagopdag2014/november%2B2014/1.2144641|title=Video: Op 17 november 1977 zond de VRT dit uit|work=Cobra.be|language=nl|access-date=2016-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302220940/http://cobra.canvas.be/cm/cobra/videozone/dagopdag2014/november%2B2014/1.2144641|archive-date=2016-03-02|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_ons003198601_01/_ons003198601_01_0134.php |title=Ons Erfdeel. Jaargang 29 · dbnl |website=Dbnl.org |access-date=2016-01-11}}</ref> The ban was lifted in 1994,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nova-cinema.org/prog/2013/139b-and-cut/belgique-ceci-n-est-pas-de-la/?lang=nl|title=Nova Cinema|date=11 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmmagie.be/nieuws/adieu-nagisa-oshima-1932-2013|title=Adieu Nagisa Oshima (1932–2013) - Filmmagie|access-date=14 May 2019|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805043517/https://filmmagie.be/nieuws/adieu-nagisa-oshima-1932-2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> and Belgium has not censored a film of any kind since.

At the time of its initial screening at the 1976 [[BFI London Film Festival|London Film Festival]], the [[British Board of Film Classification|British Board of Film Censors]] recommended that it be shown under private cinema club conditions to avoid the need for heavy cuts, but only after the [[Obscene Publications Act 1959|Obscene Publications Act]] had been extended to films in 1977 to avoid potential legal problems.<ref name="BBFC">[http://www.sbbfc.co.uk/CaseStudies/LEmpire_des_Sens_In_The_Realm_Of_The_Senses Case Study: ''L'Empire des Sens (In The Realm Of The Senses)''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113181511/http://www.sbbfc.co.uk/CaseStudies/LEmpire_des_Sens_In_The_Realm_Of_The_Senses |date=13 January 2011 }}, Students' British Board of Film Classification page</ref> The film opened at the Gate Cinema Club in 1978. It was given an official countrywide cinema release in 1991, though the video release was delayed until 2000 when it was passed with an "18" certificate (suitable for adults only). All of the adult sexual activity was left intact, but a shot in which Sada yanks the penis of a prepubescent boy after he misbehaves was reframed, zooming in so that only the reaction of the boy was shown.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.movie-censorship.com/report.php?ID=372337|title=In The Realm of the Senses (Comparison: BBFC 18 - US Blu-ray) - Movie-Censorship.com|first=Gerald|last=Wurm}}</ref> In [[Australia]], the film was originally banned, but a censored version was made available in 1977. In 2000, it finally became available in its complete version.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.refused-classification.com/censorship/films/in-the-realm-of-the-senses-1976.html|title=In the Realm of the Senses (1976) - Censor - Refused-Classification.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QPQAgMM79bcC&pg=PT42|title=Offensive to a Reasonable Adult|isbn=9780987242556|last1=Cetti|first1=Robert|date=September 2014|publisher=Robert Cettl }}</ref> The graphic sexual content of the production also caused it to be banned in [[Israel]] in 1987.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDqsCQAAQBAJ&q=realm+of+senses+banned+in+israel&pg=PA1240|title=Censorship|isbn=9781136798641|last1=Jones|first1=Derek|date=December 2001|publisher=Routledge }}</ref><ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-may-05-et-johnston5-story.html|title=Director of banned film nixes accord|work=Los Angeles Times|date=5 May 2004}}</ref>

The film is available in uncut form in France, Germany, the United States (as part of The Criterion Collection), the Netherlands, Belgium and several other territories.{{citation needed|date=August 2013}}

In Canada, when originally submitted to the provincial film boards in the 1970s, the film was rejected in all jurisdictions except [[Quebec]], [[Manitoba]] and [[British Columbia]]. It was not until 1991 that individual provinces approved the film and gave it a [[wikt:certificate|certificate]]. However, in the [[Maritimes]], the film was rejected again as the [[Maritime Film Classification Board#1960s to  December 31, 1993|policies followed in the 1970s]] were still enforced.

In Brazil, the film was banned during the [[Military dictatorship in Brazil|military dictatorship]] due to its explicit sex scenes. The ban was lifted in 1980.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cinco filmes que incomodaram a censura durante a ditadura militar no Brasil |url=https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/cultura-e-lazer/noticia/2013/01/cinco-filmes-que-incomodaram-a-censura-durante-a-ditadura-militar-no-brasil-4012934.html |website=GZH |access-date=24 January 2022 |language=pt-BR |date=16 January 2013}}</ref>

Due to its sexual themes and explicit scenes, the film was the cause of great controversy in Portugal in 1991 after it aired on [[Rádio e Televisão de Portugal|RTP]]. Some deemed it inappropriate even for the [[watershed (television)|watershed]] slot, while others appreciated its airing. The film aired again on [[RTP2]], almost unnoticed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infopedia.pt/$o-imperio-dos-sentidos|title=O Império dos Sentidos}}</ref>

==Box office==
In France, the film sold 1,730,874 tickets,<ref name="Europe">{{cite web |title=L'Empire Des Sens (Ai no Corrida) |url=http://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=8109 |website=JP's Box-Office |access-date=23 May 2020}}</ref> grossing approximately {{Currency|{{#expr:1730874*2.7 round 0}}|code=Euro}}<ref name="Euro">{{cite book |chapter=Cinema market |title=Cinema, TV and radio in the EU: Statistics on audiovisual services (Data 1980-2002) |date=2003 |publisher=[[Office for Official Publications of the European Communities]] |isbn=92-894-5709-0 |issn=1725-4515 |pages=31–64 (61) |edition=2003 |chapter-url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3217494/5648553/KS-BT-03-001-EN.PDF/3758081d-5ae4-4e21-9d78-fca7bcc68d5c#page=67 |website=[[Europa (web portal)|Europa]] |access-date=23 May 2020}}</ref> ($5,203,732).<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical currency converter with official exchange rates from 1953 |url=https://fxtop.com/en/historical-currency-converter.php?A=4673360&C1=EUR&C2=USD&DD=31&MM=12&YYYY=1976 |website=fxtop.com |date=31 December 1976 |access-date=23 May 2020}}</ref> In Germany, where it was released in 1978, the film sold 693,628 tickets,<ref name="Europe"/> grossing approximately {{Currency|{{#expr:693628*2.6 round 0}}|code=Euro|linked=no}}<ref name="Euro"/> ($2,446,050).<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical currency converter with official exchange rates from 1953 |url=https://fxtop.com/en/historical-currency-converter.php?A=1803433&C1=EUR&C2=USD&DD=31&MM=12&YYYY=1978 |website=fxtop.com |date=31 December 1978 |access-date=23 May 2020}}</ref> Combined, the film sold 2,424,502 tickets<ref name="Europe"/> and grossed approximately {{US$|{{#expr:5203732+2446050}}|long=no}} in France and Germany.

==Critical reception==
On the film's release, ''[[Boxoffice Pro|Boxoffice]]'' wrote: "Oshima has handled some delicate themes in his past films and it is obvious here that he is attempting to make a bold statement, but what could have been a breakthrough in presenting explicit sex within a serious context quickly deteriorates into a very dull film."<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 Sep 1977 |title=In the Realm of the Senses |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1476115877 |access-date=30 December 2024 |website=[[Boxoffice]] |id={{ProQuest|1476115877}} }}</ref>

In a 2009 retrospective review in ''[[The Guardian]]'', [[Peter Bradshaw]] gave the film 5/5 stars, writing: "This uncompromising film has not dated one iota, perhaps because films that are really about sex are still such a rarity, despite the supposed sexiness of everything that surrounds us.&nbsp;... Oshima's film widens and deepens the sensual realm."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bradshaw |first=Peter |date=28 Aug 2009 |title=In the Realm of the Senses |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/aug/28/realm-of-senses-review |access-date=30 December 2024 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>

In 2012, ''[[Sight and Sound]]'' wrote: "Thirty-six years on, ''In the Realm of the Senses'' is still startlingly confrontational, the unambiguously unsimulated sex scenes staged with an acute awareness of their participants' inner psychology in a way that conventional porn doesn't just omit but actively shuns. At a time (the mid-1930s) when Japanese foreign policy was becoming aggressively externalised, the lovers Sada and Kichi try to achieve both total privacy and perfect sexual fusion, constantly under the scrutiny of numerous onscreen voyeurs and, even when ostensibly closeted away from prying eyes, the film's own audience. In a way that [[George Berkeley|Bishop Berkeley]] would undoubtedly recognise, the private is permanently public."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brooke |first=Michael |date=February 2012 |title=In the Realm of the Senses |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/920320762 |journal=[[Sight and Sound]] |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=89 |id={{ProQuest|920320762}} |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

''[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]'' wrote: "Argued by some to be a serious exploration of the connection between death and eroticism, and by others to be a particularly repellent piece of pornography, ''Ai No Corrida'' is an undeniably powerful, stylish and impressive piece of work."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Parkinson |first=David |date=29 July 2009 |title=Ai No Corrida (In The Realm Of The Senses) Review |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/ai-corrida-realm-senses-review/ |access-date=30 December 2024 |website=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]}}</ref>

On [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film holds a rating of 84% based on 38 critic reviews, with an average rating of 7.5 out of 10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Sexual taboos are broken and boundaries crossed ''In the Realm of the Senses'', a fearlessly provocative psychosexual tale."<ref>{{Rotten Tomatoes|in_the_realm_of_the_senses}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Unsimulated sex]]
* [[Nudity in film#East Asian cinema since 1929|Nudity in film (East Asian cinema since 1929)]]
* [[Erotic art]]
* [[List of cult films]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
* {{cite book |last=Buehrer|first=Beverley|title=Japanese Films: a filmography and commentary, 1921–1989|year=1990|publisher=McFarland|location=Jefferson, North Carolina, and London|isbn=0-89950-458-2|pages=222–225|chapter=In the Realm of the Senses (1976) Ai no Koriida}}
* {{cite book |last=Marran|first=Christine|title=Poison Woman: figuring female transgression in modern Japanese culture|chapter=Why Perversion Is Not Subversion: Tanaka Noboru's ''The True Story of Abe Sada'' and Oshima Nagisa's ''In the Realm of the Senses''|pages=150–161|year=2007|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|location=Minneapolis, MN|isbn=978-0-8166-4727-9}}
* Kenny, Patrick T. M. (2007) ''Conflicting Legal and Cultural Conceptions of Obscenity in Japan: [[Hokusai]]'s [[Shunga (art)|Shunga]] and [[Nagisa Oshima|Oshima Nagisa]]'s "L'Empire des sens".'' [[Earlham College]] thesis
* {{cite book |last=Durgnat|first=Raymond|editor=Frank N. Magill|title=Magill's Survey of Cinema: Foreign Language Films; Volume 3|year=1985|publisher=Salem Press|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J.|isbn=0-89356-243-2|pages=1475–1479|chapter=In the Realm of the Senses (Ai no Koriida)}}

==Further reading==
* Joan Mellen. ''L'Empire des sens''. London: [[British Film Institute]], 2004.

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0074102}}
* {{jmdb title|1976|cz004680}}
* [https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/1108-in-the-realm-of-the-senses-some-notes-on-oshima-and-pornography ''In the Realm of the Senses: Some Notes on Oshima and Pornography ''] an essay by [[Donald Richie]] at the [[Criterion Collection]]
* [https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/1109-nagisa-oshima-onin-the-realm-of-the-senses ''Nagisa Oshima on In the Realm of the Senses''] an essay by [[Nagisa Oshima]] at the [[Criterion Collection]]

{{Nagisa Oshima}}
{{Sutherland Trophy}}
{{Portal bar|Japan|France|Film|Human sexuality}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1976 films]]
[[Category:1970s erotic drama films]]
[[Category:Japanese erotic drama films]]
[[Category:French erotic drama films]]
[[Category:Japanese multilingual films]]
[[Category:French multilingual films]]
[[Category:1970s Japanese-language films]]
[[Category:Drama films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Films about prostitution in Japan]]
[[Category:Films set in 1936]]
[[Category:Films set in Tokyo]]
[[Category:Films shot in Japan]]
[[Category:Films about adultery]]
[[Category:BDSM in films]]
[[Category:1976 multilingual films]]
[[Category:Censored films]]
[[Category:Obscenity controversies in film]]
[[Category:Films about necrophilia]]
[[Category:Films directed by Nagisa Ōshima]]
[[Category:Films produced by Anatole Dauman]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Sada Abe]]
[[Category:1976 drama films]]
[[Category:Film censorship in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Film censorship in Australia]]
[[Category:Film censorship in France]]
[[Category:Film censorship in Germany]]
[[Category:Film censorship in Belgium]]
[[Category:Film censorship in Japan]]
[[Category:Film censorship in Portugal]]
[[Category:Film censorship in Israel]]
[[Category:1970s Japanese films]]
[[Category:1970s French films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Minoru Miki]]