View source for List of Armenian monarchs

{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox former monarchy
|royal_title=King
|realm=Armenia
| coatofarms= File:Bagratuni flag.svg
| coatofarmssize= 180px
| coatofarmscaption= Flag of [[Bagratuni dynasty]]
| image= Bust Leon V of Armenia.jpg
| caption= Statue of King [[Leo V of Armenia|Leo V]], last Armenian monarch 
|first_monarch=[[Hydarnes|Hydarnes I]] <small>([[satrap]])</small><br/>[[Orontes II]] <small>(king)</small>
|last_monarch=[[Leo V of Armenia|Leo V]]
|began=521 BC <small>(satrapy)</small><br/>336 BC <small>(kingdom)</small>
|ended=1375
| residence=[[Armavir (ancient city)|Armavir]]<br/>[[Yervandashat (ancient city)|Yervandashat]]<br/>[[Artaxata]]<br/>[[Tigranocerta]]<br/>[[Vagharshapat]]<br/>[[Dvin (ancient city)|Dvin]]<br/>[[Bagaran (ancient city)|Bagaran]]<br/>[[Shirakavan (ancient city)|Shirakavan]]<br/>[[Kars]]<br/>[[Ani]]<br/>[[Tarsus, Mersin|Tarsus]]<br/>[[Sis (ancient city)|Sis]]
}}
This is a '''list of the monarchs of Armenia''', rulers of the ancient [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Armenia]] (336 BC – AD 428), the medieval [[Bagratid Armenia|Kingdom of Armenia]] (884–1045), various lesser Armenian kingdoms (908–1170), and finally the [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia]] (1198–1375). The list also includes prominent vassal princes and lords who ruled during times without an Armenian kingdom, as well as later claimants to the position.

== Ancient Armenia (521 BC – AD 428) ==
{{For|the rulers of [[Urartu]], an Iron Age kingdom (858–585 BC) that preceded the Satrapy of Armenia|list of kings of Urartu}}{{See also|Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)}}

=== Early satraps (521–401 BC) ===
{{See also|Satrapy of Armenia}}
* [[Hydarnes|Hydarnes I]], satrap in the late 6th century BC?,<ref name=":0"/> granted Armenia by the [[Achaemenid Empire|Achaemenid]] king [[Darius the Great|Darius I]] as a semi-hereditary [[Satrap|satrapy]]<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Shahbazi |first=Shapur |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Iranica |volume=7 |pages=41–50 |date=1994 |title=Darius I the Great |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/darius-iii |location=New York |publisher=Columbia University}}</ref> 
* [[Hydarnes the Younger|Hydarnes II]], satrap in the early 5th century BC?
* [[Hydarnes (father of Stateira)|Hydarnes III]], satrap in the middle of the 5th century BC<ref name=":0"/> 
* [[Terituchmes]], satrap in the second half of the 5th century BC<ref name=":0"/> 

=== Orontid dynasty (401–200 BC) ===
<!-- This list excludes legendary rulers, such as Orontes I Sakavakyats, as reliable scholarly sources do not regard them as historical, or at the very least unverifiable -->
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
! width="7%" |Portrait
! width="14%" |Name
! width="26%" |Reign
! width="27%" |Succession
! width="26%" |Life details
|-
|style="background:#EBEBEB;" |[[File:Orontes I portrait.jpg|100px]]
|style="background:#EBEBEB;" |[[Orontes I]]<br/>
|style="background:#EBEBEB;" |{{Circa}} 401–344 BC ([[satrap]])<br/><small>(c. 57 years)</small>
|style="background:#EBEBEB;" |Made satrap of Armenia under the [[Achaemenid Empire|Achaemenid]] king [[Artaxerxes II]]. Governed virtually autonomously.
|style="background:#EBEBEB;" |{{Sfn|Lang|1980|p=Chapter V}}
|-
|
|'''[[Orontes II]]'''<br/>
|{{Circa}} 344–331 BC (satrap)<br/><small>(c. 13 years)</small><br/>{{Circa}} 331 BC (king){{Efn|It is not fully certain when Armenian rulers began to style themselves as kings in their own right. This list follows Toumanoff (1963) and Lang (2021) in considering Orontes II to be the first "king".{{Sfn|Lang|1980|p=Chapter V}}}}<br/><small>(c. less than a year)</small>
|
|Died fighting on the side of the Achaemenid Empire against [[Alexander the Great]] at the [[Battle of Gaugamela]]{{Sfn|Lang|1980|p=Chapter V}}
|-
|
|'''[[Mithrenes]]'''<br/>
|{{Circa}} 331–317 BC<br/><small>(c. 14 years)</small>
|Son of Orontes II, defected to join Alexander the Great and named the new ruler of Armenia by Alexander after his father's death
|{{Sfn|Lang|1980|p=Chapter V}}
|-
|style="background:#EBEBEB;" |
|style="background:#EBEBEB;" |[[Neoptolemus (general)|Neoptolemus]]<br/>
|style="background:#EBEBEB;" |323–321 BC (satrap)<br/><small>(2 years)</small>
|style="background:#EBEBEB;" |
|style="background:#EBEBEB;" |{{Sfn|Lang|1980|p=Chapter V}}
|-
|
|'''[[Orontes III]]'''<br/>
|{{Circa}} 317–260 BC<br/><small>(c. 57 years)</small>
|
|{{Sfn|Lang|1980|p=Chapter V}}
|-
|
|'''[[Sames I|Sames]]'''<br/>
|{{Circa}} 260 BC<br/><small>(less than a year)</small>
|
|{{Sfn|Lang|1980|p=Chapter V}}
|-
|[[File:Arsames I.jpg|frameless|102x102px]]
|'''[[Arsames I|Arsames]]'''<br/>
|{{Circa}} 260–228 BC<br/><small>(c. 32 years)</small>
|
|{{Sfn|Lang|1980|p=Chapter V}}
|-
|[[File:Xerxes of Armenia.jpg|frameless|103x103px]]
|'''[[Xerxes of Sophene|Xerxes]]'''<br/>
|{{Circa}} 228–212 BC<br/><small>(c. 16 years)</small>
|
|{{Sfn|Lang|1980|p=Chapter V}}
|-
|
|'''[[Orontes IV]]'''<br/>
|{{Circa}} 212–200 BC<br/><small>(c. 12 years)</small>
|
|{{Sfn|Lang|1980|p=Chapter V}}
|}

=== Artaxiad dynasty (200 BC–AD 2) ===
{{See also|Artaxiad dynasty}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
! width="7%" |Portrait
! width="14%" |Name
! width="26%" |Reign
! width="27%" |Succession
! width="26%" |Life details
|-
|[[File:Artaxias I cropped.png|100px]]
|'''[[Artaxias I]]'''<br/>
|{{Circa}} 190–159 BC<br/><small>(c. 31 years)</small>
|Unclear succession. According to [[Strabo]], Artaxias I was a general under the [[Seleucid Empire|Seleucid]] king [[Antiochus III the Great|Antiochus III]] who seized power in Armenia, but according to Artaxias's own inscriptions he appears to have been part of a junior line of the Orontid dynasty.
|{{Sfn|Lang|1980|p=Chapter V}}
|-
|[[File:Coin of Artavasdes I.png|100px]]
|'''[[Artavasdes I of Armenia|Artavasdes]]'''<br/>
|{{Circa}} 160–115 BC<br/><small>(c. 45 years)</small>
|
|
|-
|[[File:Obverse Coin of Tigranes I.jpg|100px]]
|'''[[Tigranes I]]'''<br/>
|{{Circa}} 120–95 BC<br/><small>(c. 35 years; disputed)</small>
|
|
|-
|[[File:Coin of Tigranes II the Great, Antioch mint.jpg|frameless|100x100px]]
|'''[[Tigranes the Great|Tigranes II]]''' "the Great"<br/>
|{{Circa}} 95–55 BC<br/><small>(c. 40 years)</small>
|
|
|-
|[[File:Artavasdes II.png|frameless|100x100px]]
|'''[[Artavasdes II of Armenia|Artavasdes II]]'''<br/>
|{{Circa}} 55–34 BC<br/><small>(c. 21 years)</small>
|
|
|-
|[[File:Artaxias II cropped.png|frameless|100x100px]]
|'''[[Artaxias II]]'''<br/>
|{{Circa}} 34–20 BC<br/><small>(c. 14 years)</small>
|
|
|-
|[[File:Tigranes III cropped.png|frameless|101x101px]]
|'''[[Tigranes III]]'''<br/>
|{{Circa}} 20–8 BC<br/><small>(c. 12 years)</small>
|
|
|-
|[[File:Coin of Tigranes IV.png|frameless|100x100px]]
|'''[[Tigranes IV]]'''<br/>
|{{Circa}} 8–5 BC (first), 2–1 BC (second)<br/><small>(c. 5 years)</small>
|
|
|-
|[[File:Queenerato.jpg|frameless|128x128px]]
|'''[[Erato of Armenia|Erato]]'''<br/><br/><small>(''first reign'')</small>
|{{Circa}} 8–5 BC (first), 2–1 BC (second), 1-2 AD<br/><small>(c. 7 years)</small>
|
|
|-
|[[File:King of Armenia Artavasdes III.jpg|frameless|128x128px]]
|[[Artavasdes III of Armenia (5–2 BC)|Artavasdes III]]
|5-2 BC
|
|
|}

=== Non-dynastic rulers (2–61) ===
[[File:Tigranes V of Armenia cropped.png|thumb|Coin of [[Tigranes V of Armenia|Tigranes V]] ({{Reign|6|12}})]]
The first century AD was a time of intense conflict between the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] and [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] empires. In Armenia, this resulted in rapid appointments and depositions of Armenian client kings by both sides.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Baumer |first=Christoph |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_W01EAAAQBAJ |title=History of the Caucasus: Volume 1: At the Crossroads of Empires |date=2021 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-0-7556-3969-4 |pages=125, 142, 166, 190, 305, 310–311 |language=en}}</ref>

* '''[[Ariobarzanes II of Atropatene|Ariobarzanes]]''', 2–4,<ref name=":0"/> a [[Medes|Median]] prince<ref name=":0"/> and matrilineal descendant of Tigranes II<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Wijlick |first=Hendrikus A. M. van |title=Rome and the Near Eastern Kingdoms and Principalities, 44-31 BC: A Study of Political Relations during Civil War |date=2020 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-9-0044-4176-7 |pages=242 |language=en}}</ref>
* '''[[Artavasdes IV]]''', 4–6,<ref name=":0"/> son of Ariobarzanes
* '''[[Tigranes V of Armenia|Tigranes V]]''', 6–12,<ref name=":0"/> a [[Herodian dynasty|Herodian]] prince<ref name=":0"/>
* '''[[Vonones I|Vonones]]''', 12–18,<ref name=":0"/> former king of the Parthian Empire<ref name=":0"/>
* '''[[Artaxias III]]''', 18–34,<ref name=":0"/> a [[Kingdom of Pontus|Pontic]] prince<ref name=":0"/>
* '''[[Arsaces I of Armenia|Arsaces]]''' (''Arshak I''), 34–35,<ref name=":0"/> son of the Parthian king [[Artabanus II of Parthia|Artabanus II]]<ref name=":0"/> 
* '''[[Mithridates of Armenia|Mithridates]]''' (first reign), 35–37,<ref name=":0"/> brother of the Iberian king [[Pharasmanes I of Iberia|Pharasmanes I]]<ref name=":0"/> 
* '''[[Orodes of Armenia|Orodes]]''', 37–41, son of the Parthian king Artabanus II 
* '''Mithridates''' (second reign), 41–52<ref name=":0"/> 
* '''[[Rhadamistus]]''', 52–54,<ref name=":0"/> son of the Iberian king Pharasmanes I<ref name=":0"/>
* '''[[Tiridates I of Armenia|Tiridates I]]''' (first reign), 54–58,<ref name=":0"/> son of the Parthian king [[Vonones II]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brijder |first=Herman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x-zoBQAAQBAJ |title=Nemrud Dagi: Recent Archaeological Research and Preservation and Restoration Activities in the Tomb Sanctuary on Mount Nemrud |date=2014 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-1-6145-1622-4 |pages=72 |language=en}}</ref>
* '''[[Tigranes VI of Armenia|Tigranes VI]]''', 51–61/62,<ref name=":0"/> nephew of Tigranes V<ref name=":24"/>

=== Arsacid dynasty (61–428) ===
{{See also|Arsacid dynasty of Armenia}}
[[File:Տրդատ Ա թագավոր. ընդօրինակություն քանդակից.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Tiridates I of Armenia|Tiridates I]] ({{Reign}}54–58, 61/66–75/88)]]
[[File:Tiridates III illustration.jpeg|thumb|Modern depiction of [[Tiridates III of Armenia|Tiridates III]] ({{Reign|298|330}})]]
* '''Tiridates I''' (second reign), c. 61/66–c. 75<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Marek |first=Christian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=umUuEAAAQBAJ |title=In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World |date=2021 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-6912-3365-9 |pages=571 |language=en}}</ref>/88<ref name=":0"/>
* '''[[Sanatruk]]''', c. 75<ref name=":1"/>/88<ref name=":0"/>–c. 110,<ref name=":1"/> son of Tiridates I?<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pLklAQAAMAAJ |title=Vardanankʻ ew Vahaneankʻ |date=1984 |publisher=Diocese of the Armenian Church of America |pages=16 |language=hy}}</ref>
* '''[[Axidares of Armenia|Axidares]]''', c. 110–c. 112,<ref name=":1"/> son of the Parthian king [[Pacorus II]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Potts |first=Daniel T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bh4qgWUJzjIC |title=Araby the Blest: Studies in Arabian Archaeology |date=1988 |publisher=Museum Tusculanum Press |isbn=978-8-7728-9051-7 |pages=150 |language=en}}</ref>
* '''[[Parthamasiris of Armenia|Parthamasiris]]''', c. 112–c. 114,<ref name=":1"/> son of the Parthian king Pacorus II<ref name=":2"/>
** ''Interregnum'' 114–117:<ref name=":1"/> Armenia is temporarily incorporated as [[Roman Armenia|a province]] of the Roman Empire<ref name=":1"/>
* '''[[Vologases I of Armenia|Vologases I]]''', 117<ref name=":1"/>–144,<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Russell |first=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xhJIAAAAMAAJ |title=Zoroastrianism in Armenia |date=1987 |publisher=Harvard University, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations |isbn=978-0-6749-6850-9 |pages=161–162 |language=en}}</ref> son of Sanatruk<ref name=":24"/>
* '''[[Sohaemus of Armenia|Sohaemus]]''' (first reign), 144–160,<ref name=":3"/> a Roman consul with Arsacid and [[Achaemenid Empire|Achaemenid]] heritage<ref name=":24"/>
* '''[[Pacorus of Armenia|Aurelius Pacorus]]''', 160–163,<ref name=":1"/> son of the Parthian king [[Vologases IV]]<ref name=":3"/>
* '''Sohaemus''' (second reign), 164–c. 180<ref name=":1"/>
* '''[[Vologases V|Vologases II]]''', c. 180–190,<ref name=":1"/> son of the Parthian king Vologases IV, later ruled Parthia (as Vologases V) 190–208
* '''[[Khosrov I of Armenia|Khosrov I]]''', c. 190–214/216,<ref name=":1"/> son of Vologases II<ref name=":24"/>
* '''[[Tiridates II of Armenia|Tiridates II]]''', 217–252,<ref name=":1"/> son of Khosrov I<ref name=":24"/>
* '''[[Hormizd I|Hormizd-Ardashir]]''',<ref name=":24"/> 252/253<ref name=":24"/>– c. 270, son of the Sasanian king Shapur I; made king of Armenia by his father after the Sasanians conquered the kingdom,<ref name=":24"/> later king of the Sasanian Empire (as Hormizd I)
* '''[[Narseh]]''', c. 270–293,<ref name=":24"/> brother of Hormizd-Ardashir, later king of the Sasanian Empire<ref name=":24"/>
* '''[[Khosrov II of Armenia|Khosrov II]]''', 279/280–287 (in western Armenia),<ref name=":7"/> son of Tiridates II?,<ref name=":24"/> enthroned by the Romans after Narseh ceded parts of western Armenia to Emperor [[Probus (emperor)|Probus]]<ref name=":24"/>
*'''Tiridates''' ('''III'''), 287–298,<ref name=":24"/> brother of Khosrov II, initially king of only western Armenia but later granted the rest of the kingdom after Narseh became king of the Sasanian Empire<ref name=":24"/>
*'''[[Tiridates III of Armenia|Tiridates III]]''' (or '''IV''') "the Great", 298–330,<ref name=":7"/> son of Khosrov II<ref name=":24"/>
*'''[[Khosrov III the Small|Khosrov III]]''' "the Small", 330–338, son of Tiridates III<ref>{{Cite book |last=Spuler |first=Bertold |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHCAz1b8eCgC |title=Rulers and Governments of the World |date=1977 |publisher=Bowker |isbn=978-0-8593-5021-1 |pages=36 |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Sanesan]], a Sasanian-backed usurper belonging to the Arsacid dynasty, held much of Armenia for about a year in circa 336.<ref name=":24"/>
** [[Hannibalianus]], son of Roman emperor [[Constantine the Great|Constantine I]], was nominated by the Romans as king of Armenia in 335/336 but died in 337 without Khosrov III having been displaced.<ref name=":24"/>
*'''[[Tiran of Armenia|Tiran]]''' (''Tigranes VII''), 338–350,<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Adalian |first=Rouben Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QS-vSjHObOYC |title=Historical Dictionary of Armenia |date=2010 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7450-3 |pages=174–176, xxxvii–xxxviii |language=en}}</ref> son of Khosrov III<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=ARMENIA AND IRAN ii. The pre-Islamic period – Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/armenia-ii |accessdate=Sep 4, 2019 |website=www.iranicaonline.org}}</ref>
*'''[[Arshak II]]''', 350–368, son of Tiran<ref name=":7"/>
*'''[[Pap of Armenia|Pap]]''', 368–374,<ref name=":7"/> son of Arshak II<ref name=":24"/>
* '''[[Varazdat]]''', 374–378,<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Zakaria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jastAQAAIAAJ |title=The Chronicle of Deacon Zakʻaria of Kʻanakʻer |date=2004 |publisher=Mazda Publishers |isbn=978-1-5685-9121-6 |pages=9 |language=en}}</ref> nephew of Pap (perhaps son of Pap's younger brother, Tiridates)<ref name=":24"/>
* '''[[Arshak III]]''', c. 378–387<ref name=":6"/> and '''[[Vologases of Armenia|Vologases III]]''',<ref name=":24"/> c. 378–386, sons of Pap<ref name=":24"/>

In 384, the Sasanian Empire appointed [[Khosrov IV of Armenia|Khosrov IV]] as Armenian king, in opposition to the Roman-supported Arshak III. This resulted in Armenia becoming informally divided under the two kings. In 387, the division was made formal through an agreement between the Roman emperor [[Theodosius I]] and Sasanian king [[Shapur III]]. The agreement saw Armenia be partitioned into a western (under Roman influence) and an eastern (under Sasanian influence) kingdom.<ref name=":6"/>

==== Western Armenia (387–389) ====

* '''Arshak III''', 387–c. 389,<ref name=":6"/> former king of all of Armenia<ref name=":6"/>

Upon the death of Arshak III in 389, Emperor Theodosius I chose to not appoint another king, ending the western kingdom.<ref name=":23">{{Cite book |last1=Hacikyan |first1=Agop Jack |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uvA-oV0alP8C |title=The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the oral tradition to the Golden Age |last2=Basmajian |first2=Gabriel |last3=Franchuk |first3=Edward S. |last4=Ouzounian |first4=Nourhan |date=2000 |publisher=Wayne State University Press |isbn=978-0-8143-2815-6 |pages=84 |language=en}}</ref> Arshak's lands were instead incorporated into the Roman Empire.<ref name=":24">{{Cite book |last=Redgate |first=Anne Elizabeth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RriWQgAACAAJ |title=The Armenians |date=2000 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-0-6311-4372-7 |pages=62, 67, 77, 91–95, 133, 135, 137–138 |language=en}}</ref>

==== Eastern Armenia (384–428) ====

* '''[[Khosrov IV of Armenia|Khosrov IV]]''', 384–389,<ref name=":6"/> son of Varazdat?<ref name=":24"/>
* '''[[Vramshapuh]]''', 389/401–417,<ref name=":6"/> son of Varazdat?<ref name=":24"/>
* '''[[Khosrov V of Armenia|Khosrov V]]''', 417–418,<ref name=":6"/> possibly the same person as Khosrov IV<ref name=":24"/>
* '''[[Shapur IV|Shapur]]''', 418–422, son of the Sasanian king [[Yazdegerd I]],<ref name=":24"/> later king of the Sasanian Empire (as Shapur IV)
* '''[[Artaxias IV]]''', 422–428,<ref name=":6"/> son of Vramshapuh<ref name=":0"/>

In 428, the Sasanian king [[Bahram V]] deposed Artaxias IV, with the permission of the Armenian nobility, and annexed his lands into the Sasanian Empire.<ref name=":23"/>

== Vassal lords and princes (428–884) ==

=== ''Marzbāns'' in Sasanian Armenia (428–646) ===
{{See also|Sasanian Armenia}}
[[File:Vahan Mamikonyan.jpg|thumb|20th-century artwork of [[Vahan I Mamikonian]], autonomous ''marzbān'' 485–505/510]]
The Sasanian-ruled Armenian territories were after 428 placed under the rule of an official with the title ''[[Marzban|marzbān]]''<ref name=":18"/> (governor-general<ref name=":18">{{Cite book |last=Bauer-Manndorff |first=Elisabeth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l-BtAAAAMAAJ |title=Armenia, Past and Present |date=1981 |publisher=Armenian Prelacy |pages=85 |language=en}}</ref> or viceroy<ref name=":0"/>). The first ''marzbān'', appointed by Bahram V, was the military officer [[Veh Mihr Shapur]].<ref name=":0"/>

The list of ''marzbān''s is not entirely contiguous. This is due to gaps in the historical record as well as there having been periods without any appointed ''marzbān''s. It was relatively common for the office to be vacant since the Sasanian Empire periodically tried to assert more direct control.<ref name=":19">{{Cite book |last=Vacca |first=Alison |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uRYuDwAAQBAJ |title=Non-Muslim Provinces under Early Islam: Islamic Rule and Iranian Legitimacy in Armenia and Caucasian Albania |date=2017 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-1071-8851-8 |pages=123–124 |language=en}}</ref>

* [[Veh Mihr Shapur]], ''marzbān'' 428–442,<ref name=":0"/> Sasanian military officer
* [[Vasak Siwni]], ''marzbān'' c. 442–451,<ref name=":10"/> Armenian noble
* [[Sahak II Bagratuni]], insurgent ''marzbān'' 482–483,<ref name=":10"/> Armenian noble
* [[Vahan I Mamikonian]], autonomous ''marzbān'' 485–505/510,<ref name=":10"/> Armenian noble
* [[Vard Mamikonian]], autonomous ''marzbān'' 505/510–509/514,<ref name=":10"/> Armenian noble
* [[Mjej I Gnuni]], ''marzbān'' 518–548,<ref name=":10"/> Armenian noble
* [[Philip Siwni]], ''marzbān'' 574–576,<ref name=":10"/> Armenian noble
* [[Mushegh II Mamikonian]], ''marzbān'' 591?,<ref name=":10"/> Armenian noble
* [[Varaztirots II Bagratuni]], ''marzbān'' 628 – after 631,<ref name=":10"/> Armenian noble

=== Presiding princes of Armenia (628–884) ===
[[File:Ashot Medz.png|thumb|Modern imaginary portrait of [[Ashot I of Armenia|Ashot V Bagratuni]], who served as the last presiding prince of Armenia 856–884 and later reigned as King of Armenia (as Ashot I) 884–890]]
In the sixth century, the Byzantine Empire established the position of presiding prince of Armenia (formally "prince of the Armenians"). This office was created in an attempt to legitimize a local vassal leader with Byzantine backing and counteract Sasanian efforts in the region. During later centuries, the princes often wavered in allegiance between Byzantium and the Islamic Caliphates, who competed over influence in the region. The princes were most often autonomous tributary vassals.<ref name=":19"/> The earliest known presiding prince of Armenia is [[Mjej II Gnuni]], appointed by the Byzantines in the early seventh century.<ref name=":10"/>

* [[Mjej II Gnuni]], 628–635 (for the Byzantine Empire)<ref name=":10"/>
* [[David Saharuni]], 635–638 (for the Byzantine Empire)<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Theodore Rshtuni]] (first time), 638–c. 645 (for the Byzantine Empire)<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Varaztirots II Bagratuni]], c. 645 (for the Byzantine Empire)<ref name=":10"/>
* Theodore Rshtuni (second time), 645–653 (for the Byzantine Empire), 653–655 (for the Rashidun Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Mushegh IV Mamikonian]], 654 (for the Byzantine Empire)<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Hamazasp IV Mamikonian|Hamazasp Mamikonian]], 655–657 (for the Rashidun Caliphate), 657–658 (for the Byzantine Empire)<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Grigor I Mamikonian]], 662–684/685 (for the Umayyad Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Ashot II Bagratuni]], 686–689/690 (for the Umayyad Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Nerses Kamsarakan|Nerseh Kamsarakan]], 689/690–691 (for the Byzantine Empire)<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Smbat VI Bagratuni]], 691–697; 700–711 (for the Byzantine Empire), 697–700 (for the Umayyad Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Ashot III Bagratuni]] "the Blind", 732–748 (for the Umayyad Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Grigor II Mamikonian]], 748–750 (for the Umayyad Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Mushegh VI Mamikonian]], c. 750; head of insurgent members of the nobility<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Sahak III Bagratuni]], c. 755–761 (for the Abbasid Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Smbat VII Bagratuni]], 761–772 (for the Abbasid Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Tatzates|Tatzates Andzevatsi]], 780–782/785 (for the Abbasid Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Ashot Msaker|Ashot IV Bagratuni]] "the Carnivorous", 806–826 (for the Abbasid Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Smbat VIII Bagratuni]] "the Confessor", 826–855 (for the Abbasid Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Bagrat II Bagratuni]], "Prince of Princes" 830–852 (for the Abbasid Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Ashot I of Armenia|Ashot V Bagratuni]] "the Great", 856–884 (for the Abbasid Caliphate); "Prince of Princes" in 856 and king in 884<ref name=":10"/>

== Restored kingdom (884–1045) ==

=== Bagratuni dynasty (884–1045) ===
{{See also|Bagratuni dynasty|Bagratid Armenia}}
[[File:Ijevan Ashot Yerkat statue (cropped).jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Ashot II of Armenia|Ashot II]] ({{Reign|914|928}})]]
After more than four centuries of dormancy, the Armenian kingdom was restored under the [[Bagratuni dynasty]], from which several presiding princes had hailed. The [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid]] caliphs were prominent supporters of the Bagratuni princes gaining power over other Armenian nobles due to fears of Byzantine influence in the region. In 884, Prince Ashot V Bagratuni was crowned king (as Ashot I) by his peers. Ashot's new position was recognised by both the Byzantine Empire and the Abbasid Caliphate; Emperor [[Basil I]] and Caliph [[Al-Mu'tamid]] each sent him a royal crown.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Chahin |first=Mack |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hVD8AQAAQBAJ |title=The Kingdom of Armenia: New Edition |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-1368-5243-5 |pages=228, 230, 232 |language=en}}</ref>

* '''[[Ashot I of Armenia|Ashot I]]''' "the Great", 884–890,<ref name=":0"/> previously prince
* '''[[Smbat I of Armenia|Smbat I]]''' "the Martyr", 890–913,<ref name=":0"/> son of Ashot I
* '''[[Ashot II of Armenia|Ashot II]]''' "the Iron", 914–928,<ref name=":0"/> son of Smbat I
** [[Ashot of Bagaran]], c. 915–920;<ref name=":0"/> usurper installed by [[Yusuf Ibn Abi'l-Saj]]
* '''[[Abas I of Armenia|Abas I]]''', 928–953,<ref name=":0"/> son of Smbat I
* '''[[Ashot III of Armenia|Ashot III]]''' "the Merciful", 953–977,<ref name=":0"/> son of Abas I
* '''[[Smbat II of Armenia|Smbat II]]''' "the Conqueror", 977–989,<ref name=":0"/> son of Ashot III
* '''[[Gagik I of Armenia|Gagik I]]''', 989–1017/1020,<ref name=":0"/> son of Ashot III
* [[Hovhannes-Smbat III of Armenia|Hovhannes-'''Smbat III''']], 1017/1020–1040/1041 (in [[Ani]]),<ref name=":0"/> son of Gagik I
* '''[[Ashot IV of Armenia|Ashot IV]]''' "the Valiant", 1017/1020–1040/1041 (in [[Talin, Armenia|Talin]]),<ref name=":0"/> son of Gagik I
* '''[[Gagik II of Armenia|Gagik II]]''', 1042–1045,<ref name=":0"/> son of Ashot IV

The Bagratid kingdom and its capital of Ani was conquered by the Byzantine Empire under Emperor [[Constantine IX Monomachos]] in 1045.<ref name=":8"/>

=== Lesser medieval Armenian kingdoms ===

==== Vaspurakan, Artsruni dynasty (908–1021) ====
{{See also|Artsruni dynasty|Kingdom of Vaspurakan}}
The Artsruni family ruled in Vaspurakan as princes under the Bagratuni kings. The Artsruni family revolted after King Smbat ceded some of the Artsruni lands to the nearby princes of [[Syunik (historical province)|Syunik]]. Shortly thereafter, in 908, Vaspurakan became a separate kingdom with Gagik Artsruni's recognition as a king by Abbasid caliph.<ref name=":8"/>

* [[Gagik I Artsruni|'''Gagik''' Artsruni]], 908<ref name=":8"/>–937/943<ref name=":0"/>
* [[Derenik-Ashot of Vaspurakan|'''Derenik-Ashot''' Artsruni]], 937/943–953,<ref name=":0"/> son of Gagik<ref name=":10">{{Cite book |last=Bury |first=John Bagnell |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RJoIAQAAIAAJ |title=The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume IV Part I: Byzantium and its Neighbours |date=1966 |publisher=University Press |pages=780–785 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Abusahl-Hamazasp of Vaspurakan|'''Abusahl-Hamazasp''' Artsruni]], 953–969/972,<ref name=":0"/> son of Gagik<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Ashot-Sahak of Vaspurakan|'''Ashot-Sahak''' Artsruni]], 969/972–991,<ref name=":0"/> son of Abusahl-Hamazasp<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Gurgen-Khachik of Vaspurakan|'''Gurgen-Khachik''' Artsruni]], 991–1003,<ref name=":0"/> son of Abusahl-Hamazasp<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Senekerim-Hovhannes Artsruni|'''Senekerim-Hovhannes''' Artsruni]], 1003–1021,<ref name=":0"/> son of Abusahl-Hamazasp<ref name=":10"/>

Senekerim-Hovhannes, the last king of Vaspurakan, surrendered his crown to the Byzantine Empire in 1021 under pressure from incursions by the [[Seljuk Empire|Seljuk Turks]] and resettled with his family in [[Cappadocia]].<ref name=":7"/>

==== Vanand, Bagratuni dynasty (961–1065) ====
{{See also|Kingdom of Vanand}}The Kingdom of Vanand was created as a vassal state by the Bagratuni kings in 961, ruled by members of their own dynasty.<ref name="SAE2">{{Cite book |last1=Arakelyan |first1=Babken |title=[[Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia]] Volume 5 |last2=Vardanyan |first2=Vrezh |last3=Khalpakhchyan |first3=Hovhannes |publisher=Armenian Encyclopedia |date=1979 |location=Yerevan |pages=342–344 |language=hy |contribution=Կարս [Kars] |authorlink1=Babken Arakelyan}}</ref>

* '''[[Mushegh of Kars|Mushegh]]''', 961/962–984,<ref name=":0"/> son of Abas I of Armenia<ref name=":10"/>
* '''[[Abas I of Kars|Abas I]]''', 984–1029,<ref name=":0"/> son of Mushegh<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Gagik-Abas II of Kars|Gagik-'''Abas II''']], 1029–1065,<ref name=":0"/> son of Abas I;<ref name=":10"/> claimed the position of king of all Armenia after the collapse of the main Bagratid kingdom in 1045.<ref name="SAE2"/>

Vanand was ceded to the Byzantine Empire by Gagik-Abas II<ref name="SAE2"/> in 1065.<ref name=":7"/><ref name="SAE2"/>

==== Tashir-Dzoraget, Kiurikian dynasty (982–c. 1145) ====
{{See also|Kiurikian dynasty|Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget}}
[[File:Haghpat monastery bas relief.jpg|thumb|[[Kiurike I]] of [[Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget|Tashir-Dzoraget]] (left, {{Reign|982|989}}) and [[Smbat II of Armenia|Smbat II]] of Armenia (right, r. 977–989)]]
The Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget was a vassal kingdom founded in 982 by Kiuriki I, youngest son of Ashot III of Armenia, and was thereafter ruled by his descendants. It was for most of its history ruled from the fortress of [[Lori Fortress|Lori]].<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last1=Akopyan |first1=Alexander |last2=Vardanyan |first2=Aram |date=2015 |title=A Contribution to Kiurikid Numismatics: Two Unique Coins of Gagik, King of Kakhet'i and of David II of Loři (Eleventh Century) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43859792 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle |volume=175 |pages=214 |jstor=43859792 |issn=0078-2696}}</ref>

* '''[[Kiurike I]]''', 982–989,<ref name=":10"/> son of Ashot III of Armenia<ref name=":10"/>
* '''[[David I Anhoghin|David I]]''' "the Landless", 989–1046/1048,<ref name=":10"/> son of Kiurike I<ref name=":10"/>
* '''[[Kiurike II of Lori|Kiurike II]]''', 1046/1048–1081/1089,<ref name=":10"/> son of David I<ref name=":10"/>
* '''[[David II of Lori|David II]]''' and '''[[Abas of Lori|Abas]]''', c. 1089–c. 1145,<ref name=":11"/> sons of Kiurike II<ref name=":11"/>

Tashir-Dzoraget was largely conquered by the Seljuk Turks in 1081/1089.<ref name=":10"/> In the early 12th century, further conquests led to David II and Abas only retaining control of the fortress of [[Macnaberd]]. The kingdom was fully conquered by around 1145, though it is possible that some members of the Kiurikian dynasty retained control of fortresses and settlements in the region thereafter.<ref name=":11"/>

==== Syunik, Siunia dynasty (970–1170) ====
{{See also|Siunia dynasty|Kingdom of Syunik}}
The independent [[Kingdom of Syunik]] was established under the Siuni prince Smbat Sahak in 970.<ref name=":7"/>

* [[Smbat Sahak|'''Smbat I''' Sahak]], 970–998<ref name=":7"/>
* [[Vasak, King of Syunik|'''Vasak''']], 998–1019,<ref name=":7"/> son of Smbat I<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Smbat II of Syunik|'''Smbat II''']], 1019<ref name=":10"/>–1044,<ref name=":9"/> cousin and nephew of Vasak<ref name=":10"/>
* '''[[Grigor I of Syunik|Grigor I]]''', 1044–1084,<ref name=":9"/> brother of Smbat II<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Senekerim Sevadian|'''Senekerim''' Sevadian]], 1084–1094,<ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last1=Khachʻatryan |first1=Hayk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hRFpAAAAMAAJ |title=Queens of the Armenians: 150 Biographies Based on History and Legend |last2=Merguerian |first2=Barbara J. |date=2001 |publisher=Amaras |isbn=978-0-9648-7872-3 |pages=84–85 |language=en}}</ref> adoptive son of Grigor I<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Grigor II of Syunik|'''Grigor II''']], 1094–1166,<ref name=":9"/> son of Senekerim<ref name=":9"/>
* [[Hasan of Gerakar|'''Hasan''' of Gerakar]], 1166–1170,<ref name=":9"/> son-in-law of Grigor II

The Kingdom of Syunik was conquered by the Seljuk Turks in 1170.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Holding |first=Deirdre |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gbz-AwAAQBAJ |title=Armenia: with Nagorno Karabagh |date=2014 |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |isbn=978-1-8416-2555-3 |pages=317 |language=en}}</ref>

== ''Shah-i Armen''s (1100–1185; 1420–1437) ==
[[File:Coin of Qara Iskander (Kara Koyunlu).jpg|thumb|Coin of [[Iskandar (Qara Qoyunlu)|Qara Iskander]], the last ''Shah-i Armen'' ({{Reign|1420|1437}})]]

=== Ahlat ''Shah-i Armen''s (1100–1185) ===
{{See also|Shah-Armens}}
In the decades following the [[Battle of Manzikert]] (1071), one of the [[Turkmens|Turkmen]]<ref name=":20">{{Cite book |last1=Peacock |first1=A. C. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dp-LDwAAQBAJ |title=The Seljuks of Anatolia: Court and Society in the Medieval Middle East |last2=Yildiz |first2=Sara Nur |last3=Yildiz |first3=Dr Sara Nur |date=2012 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-0-8577-3346-7 |language=en |chapter=The World of Tutbeg b. Bahram al-Khilati}}</ref> vassal dynasties of the Seljuk Turks gained control of [[Ahlat]], in the former Armenian heartland. These Muslim [[Emir|''emirs'']] took the title ''Shah-i Armen'' ("King of the Armenians");<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eastmond |first=Antony |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ANAoDwAAQBAJ |title=Tamta's World |date=2017 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-1071-6756-8 |pages=5 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":21">{{Cite book |last=Payaslian |first=S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UMIWDAAAQBAJ |title=The History of Armenia: From the Origins to the Present |date=2008 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-2306-0858-0 |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> the same title Islamic sources had previously used for the Bagratuni kings.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lynch |first=H. F. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yHP1DwAAQBAJ |title=Armenia, Travels and Studies Vol 1: Volume 1 |date=2020 |isbn=978-3-7524-1017-4 |pages=330 |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |language=en}}</ref>

* '''[[Sökmen I]]''', 1100–1111<ref name=":20"/><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Güzel |first1=Hasan Celâl |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OmFtAAAAMAAJ |title=The Turks: Middle ages |last2=Oğuz |first2=Cem |last3=Karatay |first3=Osman |date=2002 |publisher=Yeni Türkiye |isbn=978-9-7567-8257-6 |pages=496 |language=en}}</ref>
* '''[[Zahireddin Ibrahim]]''', 1111–1127<ref name=":22">{{Cite book |last=Bedirhan |first=Yaşar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pMh0EAAAQBAJ |title=Türkiye Selçuklu Devleti Tarihi |date=2022 |publisher=Eğitim Yayinevi |isbn=978-6-2584-6842-7 |pages=123– |language=tr}}</ref>
* '''[[Ahmed of Ahlat|Ahmed]]''', 1127<ref name=":22"/>
* '''[[Sökmen II]]''', 1128–1185<ref name=":20"/>

Sökmen II left no heirs, his death in 1185 terminating the ''Shah-i Armen'' dynastic line. Ahlat was thereafter ruled by a series of slave ''emirs'';''<ref name=":20"/>'' [[Seyfeddin Bektimur]] 1185–1193, [[Bedreddin Aksungur]] 1193–1198, [[Sücaeddin Kutlug]] 1198, [[Melukülmansur Muhammed]] 1198–1207, and [[Izzeddin Balaban]] 1207.<ref name=":22"/> The city's period of relative autonomy came to an end when it was captured by the [[Ayyubid Sultanate]] in 1207.<ref name=":20"/>

=== Qara Qoyunlu (1420–1437) ===
{{See also|Qara Qoyunlu}}
The title ''Shah-i Armen'' was temporarily revived in the 15th century under the rule of the Turkmen [[Qara Qoyunlu]],<ref name=":21"/> being used by Sultan [[Iskandar (Qara Qoyunlu)|Qara Iskander]] as part of his policy to cultivate the Armenian population.<ref name=":27">Dickran Kouymjian, "Armenia from the Fall of the Cilician Kingdom (1375) to the Forced Emigration under Shah Abbas (1604)," ''The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times'', Richard Hovannisian, editor (New York: St. Martin Press, 1997), vol. 2, p. 5</ref>

* '''[[Iskandar (Qara Qoyunlu)|Qara Iskander]]''', 1420–1437<ref name=":27"/>

== Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (1080–1375) ==
{{See also|Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia|List of monarchs of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia}}{{For|the rulers of Georgia, who sometimes controlled large amounts of Armenian land in 1118–1476 and were related to the Bagratuni dynasty|List of monarchs of Georgia#Georgia under Bagrationi dynasty}}
The [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia]] was a state formed in the [[Middle Ages]] by Armenians who fled the [[Great Seljuq Empire|Seljuk]] invasion of their homeland.<ref name="SAE">{{In lang|hy}} Poghosyan, S.; Katvalyan, M.; Grigoryan, G. et al. ''Cilician Armenia'' (Կիլիկյան Հայաստան). [[Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia]]. vol. v. Yerevan, Armenian SSR: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1979, pp. 406–428</ref> It was initially ruled by the [[Rubenids]], an offshoot of the Bagratuni dynasty. While the Rubenid rulers were initially regional princes, their close ties with the Western world after the [[First Crusade]] saw the principality recognised as a kingdom under [[Leo I, Prince of Armenia|Leo I]] by the [[Holy Roman Empire]] in 1198.<ref name="Badmoutioun Hayots, Volume II">{{Cite book | last = Kurdoghlian | first = Mihran | title = Badmoutioun Hayots, Volume II | publisher = Hradaragoutioun Azkayin Oussoumnagan Khorhourti |date= 1996 | location = Athens, Greece | pages =29–56|language=hy}}</ref> The rulers of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilia thereafter styled themselves simply as "King of Armenia".<ref name=":10"/>

=== Rubenid dynasty (1080–1252) ===
{{See also|Rubenids}}
[[File:Leo II of Armenia.jpg|thumb|19th-century depiction of [[Leo I, King of Armenia|Leo I]] ({{Reign|1198|1219}})]]

* [[Ruben I, Prince of Armenia|Ruben I]], prince 1080–1095<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Constantine I, Prince of Armenia|Constantine I]], prince 1095–1099,<ref name=":10"/> son of Ruben I<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Thoros I, Prince of Armenia|Thoros I]], prince 1100–1129,<ref name=":10"/> son of Constantine I<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Leo I, Prince of Armenia|Leo I]], prince 1129–1138,<ref name=":10"/> son of Constantine I<ref name=":10"/>
** ''Interregnum'' 1138–1145: [[Cilicia]] was occupied by the Byzantine Empire<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Thoros II, Prince of Armenia|Thoros II]], prince 1145–1169,<ref name=":10"/> son of Leo I<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Ruben II, Prince of Armenia|Ruben II]], prince 1169–1170,<ref name=":10"/> son of Theodore II<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Mleh, Prince of Armenia|Mleh]], prince 1170–1175,<ref name=":10"/> son of Leo I<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Ruben III, Prince of Armenia|Ruben III]], prince 1175–1186,<ref name=":10"/> grandson of Leo I<ref name=":10"/>
* '''[[Leo I, King of Armenia|Leo I]]''' "the Magnificent", prince (as Leo II) 1186–1198 and king 1198–1219,<ref name=":10"/> brother of Ruben III<ref name=":10"/>
* '''[[Isabella, Queen of Armenia|Isabella]]''', 1219–1252, daughter of Leo I<ref name=":10"/>
* [[Philip of Antioch|'''Philip''' of Antioch]], 1222–1224, first husband and co-ruler of Isabella<ref name=":10"/>

=== Hethumid dynasty (1226–1341) ===
{{See also|Hethumids}}
[[File:Hetoum and Zabel.jpeg|thumb|Coin depicting [[Isabella, Queen of Armenia|Isabella]] ({{Reign|1219|1252}}) and [[Hethum I of Armenia|Hethum I]] (r. 1226–1269)]]
The Hethumid dynasty gained power through marriage with Isabella of the Rubenid dynasty. Upon her death, her husband [[Hethum I, King of Armenia|Hethum I]] became sole ruler and he was followed as king by their descendants.

* '''[[Hethum I of Armenia|Hethum I]]''', 1226–1269,<ref name=":10"/> second husband of Isabella<ref name=":10"/>
* '''[[Leo II, King of Armenia|Leo II]]''', 1269–1289,<ref name=":10"/> son of Hethum I and Isabella<ref name=":10"/>
* '''[[Hethum II of Armenia|Hethum II]]''' (first reign), 1289–1293, son of Leo II<ref name=":10"/>
* '''[[Thoros III of Armenia|Thoros]]''', 1293–1294,<ref name=":10"/> son of Leo II<ref name=":10"/>
* '''Hethum II''' (second reign), 1294–1296<ref name=":10"/>
* '''[[Smbat I Hetumian|Smbat IV]]''', 1296–1298,<ref name=":10"/> son of Leo II<ref name=":10"/>
* '''[[Constantine I, King of Armenia|Constantine I]]''', 1298–1299,<ref name=":10"/> son of Leo II<ref name=":10"/>
* '''Hethum II''' (third reign), 1299–1305<ref name=":10"/>
* '''[[Leo III of Armenia|Leo III]]''', 1305–1308,<ref name=":10"/> son of Thoros<ref name=":10"/>
* '''[[Oshin, King of Armenia|Oshin]]''', 1308–1320,<ref name=":10"/> son of Leo II<ref name=":10"/>
* '''[[Leo IV of Armenia|Leo IV]]''', 1320–1341,<ref name=":10"/> son of Oshin<ref name=":10"/>

=== Lusignan and Neghir dynasties (1342–1375) ===
{{See also|House of Lusignan|House of Neghir}}
[[File:Bust Leon V of Armenia.jpg|thumb|Bust of [[Leo V of Armenia|Leo V]], the last King of Armenia ({{Reign|1374|1375}})]]
After the death of [[Leo IV, King of Armenia|Leo IV]] in 1341, Leo's cousin Guy de Lusignan was elected to succeed him as [[Constantine II, King of Armenia|Constantine II]], beginning the rule of the Lusignan dynasty. This dynasty ruled for just over three decades before Cilicia was captured by the [[Mamluk]]s, bringing an end to the kingdom.

* '''[[Constantine II, King of Armenia|Constantine II]]''', 1342–1344,<ref name=":10"/> cousin<ref name=":10"/> and chosen successor<ref name=":28">{{Cite book |last1=Künker |first1=Fritz Rudolf |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iWd0mimd-dMC |title=1000 Years of European Coinage, Part III: England, Ireland, Scotland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Balkan, the Middle East, Crusader States, Jetons und Weights |last2=Kirsch |first2=Arne |last3=Steinbach |first3=Sebastian |publisher=Numismatischer Verlag Künker |pages=340–341 |language=en}}</ref> of Leo IV (House of Lusignan)
* '''[[Constantine III of Armenia|Constantine III]]''', 1344–1363,<ref name=":10"/> elected by the Armenian nobility;<ref name=":28"/> grandnephew of Hethum I (House of Neghir)
* [[Leo the Usurper|'''Leo''' ('''V''')]] "the Usurper", 1363–1365,<ref name=":28"/><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bedoukian |first=Paul Z. |date=1969 |title=The Copper Coins of the Later Kings of Cilician Armenia |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43574131 |journal=Museum Notes (American Numismatic Society) |volume=15 |pages=131–135 |jstor=43574131 |issn=0145-1413}}</ref> unknown lineage; seized the throne and then abdicated after a reign of two years<ref name=":28"/>
* '''[[Constantine IV of Armenia|Constantine IV]]''', 1365–1373,<ref name=":10"/> cousin of Constantine III<ref name=":10"/> (House of Neghir)
** [[Peter I of Cyprus|Peter de Lusignan]], King of Cyprus, was invited to become king by some Armenian barons in 1368 but died in 1369 while making preparations to cross the sea to Cilicia with his forces<ref name=":10"/><ref name=":28"/>
* [[Marie of Korikos]], regent 1373–1374,<ref name=":28"/> widow of Constantine III and Constantine IV; served as regent while delegations were sent to negotiate with prospective new candidates for the kingship<ref name=":28"/>
* '''[[Leo V of Armenia|Leo V]]''' (or '''VI'''), 1374–1375,<ref name=":28"/> nephew of Constantine II<ref name=":10"/> (House of Lusignan)

== Later claimants ==

=== Lusignan claimants (1375–1489) ===
Leo V continued to claim the title "King of Armenia" in exile until his death in 1393. Leo's claims were then inherited by [[James I of Cyprus|James I]], his cousin (both were great-grandsons of the Cypriot king [[Hugh III of Cyprus|Hugh III]])                                                                                                         who ruled as King of Cyprus. From 1393 to the end of the Cypriot kingdom in 1489, the rulers of Cyprus claimed the full title "King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia".<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Ghazarian |first=Jacob G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6nh0DwAAQBAJ |title=The Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia During the Crusades: The Integration of Cilician Armenians with the Latins 1080–1393 |publisher=Routledge |date=2000 |isbn=0-7007-1418-9 |location=Oxford}} Section "The seeds of Lusignan rule in Cilicia"</ref>

* Leo V, 1375–1393, former king of Armenia<ref name=":12"/>
* [[James I of Cyprus]], 1393–1398, distant cousin of Leo V<ref name=":12"/>
* [[Janus, King of Cyprus|Janus of Cyprus]], 1398–1432, son of James I
* [[John II of Cyprus]], 1432–1458, son of Janus
* [[Charlotte, Queen of Cyprus|Charlotte of Cyprus]], 1458–1464, daughter of John II
* [[James II of Cyprus]], 1464–1473, son of John II
* [[James III of Cyprus]], 1473–1474, son of James II
* [[Catherine Cornaro]],<ref name=":13"/> 1474–1489, widow of James II and mother of James III

After the fall of the Kingdom of Cyprus in 1489, Catherine Cornaro sold her claims and titles (including her claim to Armenia) to the [[Republic of Venice]], which at times thereafter advanced a shadowy claim to Cilicia or Armenia as a whole.<ref name=":13">{{Cite book |last=Fortescue |first=Adrian |url=https://archive.org/details/lessereasternchu00fortuoft |title=The Lesser Eastern Churches |publisher=Catholic Truth Society |date=1913 |location=London |oclc=992420}} p. 390</ref>

=== Savoyard claimants (1485–1946) ===
[[File:Vitorioemanuel.jpg|thumb|The [[House of Savoy]] claimed the titular style "King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia" for centuries. It was in use as late as the 20th century, for instance by [[Victor Emmanuel III of Italy|Victor Emmanuel III]] of Italy (pictured).<ref name=":14">{{Cite book |last=Arielli |first=Nir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jR59DAAAQBAJ |title=Fascist Italy and the Middle East, 1933–1940 |publisher=Palgrave MacMillan |date=2010 |isbn=978-1-3493-1204-7 |location=London |pages=173}}</ref>]]
Charlotte, who ruled as Queen of Cyprus 1458–1464, was deposed in 1464 but maintained claims to her titles in exile. In 1485, she ceded all her titular claims to her first cousin once removed, [[Charles I, Duke of Savoy]].<ref name=":15">{{Cite book |last=Hill |first=George |title=A History of Cyprus |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=1948 |volume=The Frankish Period, 1432–1571 |location=Cambridge |oclc=468917323}} p. 612</ref> As a consequence of Charlotte's sale, the [[House of Savoy]] is often seen as the heirs of the Lusignan kings of Cyprus and Armenian Cilicia.<ref name=":13"/> For centuries thereafter, the heads of the family maintained the style "Duke of Savoy and titular King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia".<ref name=":16">{{Cite book |last=Mauvillon |first=Eleazar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IHsVAAAAYAAJ |title=The History of Francis-Eugene, Prince of Savoy |publisher=James Hodges |date=1742 |location=London}} p. 1</ref> 

The title "King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia" was maintained even after the Savoyard dynasts became [[kings of Italy]], for instance being used by both [[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy|Victor Emmanuel II]]<ref name=":17">{{Cite book |last=Davies |first=Norman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4G_Cz9TF88C |title=Vanished Kingdoms: The History of Half-Forgotten Europe |publisher=Penguin UK |date=2011 |isbn=978-0-1410-4886-4 |location=London}} Section "Sabaudia".</ref> and [[Victor Emmanuel III of Italy|Victor Emmanuel III]].<ref name=":14"/>

* Charlotte of Cyprus, 1464–1485, former queen of Cyprus<ref name=":15"/>
* [[Charles I, Duke of Savoy]], 1485–1490, first cousin once removed of Charlotte, ceded titles<ref name=":15"/>
* [[Charles II, Duke of Savoy]], 1490–1496, son of Charles I
* [[Philip II, Duke of Savoy]], 1496–1497, uncle of Charles I
* [[Philibert II, Duke of Savoy]], 1497–1504, son of Philip II
* [[Charles III, Duke of Savoy]], 1504–1553, son of Philip II
* [[Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy]], 1553–1580, son of Charles III
* [[Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy]],<ref name=":16"/> 1580–1630, son of Emmanuel Philibert
* [[Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy]], 1630–1637, son of Charles Emmanuel I
* [[Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy]], 1637–1638, son of Victor Amadeus I
* [[Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy]], 1638–1675, son of Victor Amadeus I
* [[Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia]], 1675–1730, son of Charles Emmanuel II
* [[Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia]], 1730–1773, son of Victor Amadeus II
* [[Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia]], 1773–1796, son of Charles Emmanuel III
* [[Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia]], 1796–1802, son of Victor Amadeus III
* [[Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia]], 1802–1821, son of Victor Amadeus III
* [[Charles Felix of Sardinia]], 1821–1831, son of Victor Amadeus III
* [[Charles Albert of Sardinia]], 1831–1849, great-great-grandson of Victor Amadeus I
* [[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy]],<ref name=":17"/> 1849–1878, son of Charles Albert
* [[Umberto I of Italy]], 1878–1900, son of Victor Emmanuel II
* [[Victor Emmanuel III of Italy]],<ref name=":14"/> 1900–1946, son of Umberto I
* [[Umberto II of Italy]], 1946, son of Victor Emmanuel III

==See also==
* [[List of Armenian royal consorts]]
* [[History of Armenia]]
* [[List of catholicoi of all Armenians]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
* {{Cite book |last=Lang |first=David Marshall |title=Armenia, Cradle of Civilization |date=1980 |publisher=Allen & Unwin |isbn=978-0-0495-6009-3 |pages=Chapter V |language=en}}

{{Armenian kings}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Armenian Kings}}
[[Category:Lists of monarchs]]
[[Category:Lists of Armenian people|Kings]]
[[Category:Armenian kings|*]]