View source for List of presidents of Portugal

{{Short description|None}}
{{For|[[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] heads of state prior to 1910|list of Portuguese monarchs}}
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{{more footnotes|date=August 2020}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2020}}
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| image1 = Teófilo Braga (1915) - Fotografia Vasques, Lisboa (Museu da Presidência da República).png
| image2 = Retrato do Presidente da República Óscar Carmona - Photographia Ingleza de J. & M. Lazarus (Museu da Presidência da República).png
| image3 = Ramalho Eanes (1983-09-14) (cropped).png
| image4 = Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa (Web Summit).jpg
| footer = {{bulleted list
 |Top left: [[Teófilo Braga]] President of the Provisional Government of the Republic.
 |Top right: [[Óscar Carmona]] was the longest serving head of state.
 |Bottom left: [[António Ramalho Eanes]] was the first president elected in democracy.
 |Bottom right: [[Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa]] is the incumbent president.}}
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{{Politics of Portugal}}
The complete list of presidents of the Portuguese Republic consists of the 20 [[heads of state]] in the [[history of Portugal]] since the  [[5 October 1910 revolution]] that installed a [[republicanism|republican]] regime. 

This list includes not only those persons who were sworn into office as [[President of Portugal]] but also those who ''[[de facto]]'' served as head of state since 1910. This is the case of [[Teófilo Braga]] who served as President of the Provisional Government after the republican ''[[coup d'état]]''. Also [[Sidónio Pais]], [[Mendes Cabeçadas]], [[Gomes da Costa]], as well as [[Canto e Castro]] and [[Óscar Carmona]] in their early months, were not sworn into office as presidents of the Republic, usually being [[List of Prime Ministers of Portugal|prime ministers]], but ''de facto'' accumulated this function, thus combining in practice head of state and head of government in one person. 

See [[List of Presidents of Portugal#Notes|the notes]] for more information.

==Election terms==
The numbering reflects the uninterrupted terms in office served by a single man. For example, [[Jorge Sampaio]] served two consecutive terms and is counted as the 19th president (not the 19th and 20th). [[Teófilo Braga]] served as the first and sole president of the Provisional Government, and therefore is not considered to be the first president, although he would serve again as head of state and be the second president after the resignation of [[Manuel de Arriaga]]. 

However, [[Bernardino Machado]] served two non-consecutive terms, and he is counted as both the third and the eighth presidents. Because of this, the list below contains 20 presidencies, but only 19 presidents.

Under the [[Constitution of Portugal]] adopted in 1976, in the wake of the 1974 [[Carnation Revolution]], the president is elected to a five-year term with the possibility of running for a second consecutive term; there is no limit to the number of terms a president may serve, but a president who serves two consecutive terms may not serve again in the next five years after the second term finishes.

The official residence of the president of Portugal is the [[Belém Palace]].

The current president of the Portuguese Republic is [[Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa]], the winner of the [[2016 Portuguese presidential election|2016 presidential election]] and re-elected in the [[2021 Portuguese presidential election|2021 presidential election]]. 

==Presidents==
The colors indicate the political affiliation of each president.

{{legend2|#0BDA51|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#D0F0C0|[[Portuguese Republican Party|Republican]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FF7189|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|pink|[[Democratic Party (Portugal)|Democratic]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#4A452A|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#e6e6aa|[[National Republican Party (Portugal)|National Republican/Sidonist]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|darkblue|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#CADABA|[[Evolutionist Party]]/[[Republican Liberal Party (Portugal)|Republican Liberal]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|{{party color|National Union (Portugal)}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#adf|[[National Union (Portugal)|National Union/Popular National Action]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|{{party color|Democratic Renewal Party (Portugal)}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#D0F0C0|[[Democratic Renewal Party (Portugal)|Democratic Renewal]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|{{party color|Socialist Party (Portugal)}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FADADD|[[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Socialist]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCC99|[[Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|Social Democratic]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|gray|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#EEEEEE|[[Nonpartisan politician|Nonpartisan]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#E6E6AA|[[acting (law)|Interim holder]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

=== First Republic (1910–1926) ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; width=100%; line-height:19px;"
|-
! width=1%|No.
! width=5%|Portrait
! width=25%|President<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}}
! width=8%|Elected
! colspan=2 width=25%|Term of office
! width=20%|Political party
! scope="col"|{{abbr|{{smaller|Ref.}}|Reference}}
|- style="background:#cccccc"
! colspan="8" | President of the Provisional Government of the Republic (1910–1911)
|-
! style="background:#0BDA51; color:white;" | -
| [[File:Teófilo Braga (1915) - Fotografia Vasques, Lisboa (Museu da Presidência da República).png|80px]]
| '''[[Teófilo Braga]]'''{{efn|Teófilo Braga served as President of the Provisional Government, the ''de facto'' head of government and head of state, from the republican revolution of 1910 to the election of Manuel de Arriaga, the 1st President of Portugal.}}<br />{{small|(1843–1924)}}
| —
| 5 October 1910
| 24 August 1911
| bgcolor=#D0F0C0| [[Portuguese Republican Party|Republican]]
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=MRP - Teófilo Braga|url=https://www.museu.presidencia.pt/pt/conhecer/presidentes-da-republica-biografias/presidentes-da-i-republica/teofilo-braga/|access-date=2022-08-28|website=www.museu.presidencia.pt|language=pt}}</ref>

|- style="background:#cccccc"
! colspan="8" | Presidents of the Republic (1911–1926)
|-
! style="background: linear-gradient(#0BDA51 20%, #FF7189 80%); color:white;"| 1
| [[File:Manuel de Arriaga - Fotografia Vasques.png|80px]]
| '''[[Manuel de Arriaga]]'''<br />{{small|(1840–1917)}}
| [[1911 Portuguese presidential election|1911]]
| 24 August 1911
| 26 May 1915{{Ref|R|[R]}}
| style="background: linear-gradient(#D0F0C0 20%, #ffc0cb 80%);| [[Portuguese Republican Party|Republican]]<br />later [[Democratic Party (Portugal)|Democratic]]<ref name="Manuel" />
| <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Braga|first=Paulo Drumond 1965-|date=2010|title=Os Presidentes da República Portuguesa : sociologia de uma função|url=http://repositorio.ulusiada.pt/handle/11067/5514}}</ref><ref name="Manuel">{{Cite web|title=Manuel de Arriaga - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT|url=http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=13&idi=3336&idl=2|access-date=2020-09-03|website=www.presidencia.pt|language=pt}}</ref>

|-
! style="background:#FF7189; color:white;" | 2
| [[File:Teófilo Braga (1915) - Fotografia Vasques, Lisboa (Museu da Presidência da República).png|80px]]
| '''[[Teófilo Braga]]'''<br />{{small|(1843–1924)}}
| [[May 1915 Portuguese presidential election|{{small|May}}<br />1915]]
| 29 May 1915
| 5 October 1915
| bgcolor=pink| [[Democratic Party (Portugal)|Democratic]]<ref name="Teófilo" />
| <ref name=":0" /><ref name="Teófilo">{{Cite web|title=Teófilo Braga|url=http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=13&idi=3337&idl=2|access-date=2016-08-17|website=PRESIDENCY OF THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC|language=en-UK}}</ref>

|-
! style="background:#FF7189; color:white;" | 3
| [[File:Fotografia oficial do Presidente da República Bernardino Machado.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Bernardino Machado]]'''<br />{{small|(1851–1944)}}
| [[August 1915 Portuguese presidential election|{{small|August}}<br />1915]]
| 5 October 1915
| 5 December 1917{{Ref|C|[C]}} 
| bgcolor=pink| [[Democratic Party (Portugal)|Democratic]]<ref name=":1" />
| <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Bernardino Machado - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT|url=http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=13&idi=3339&idl=2|access-date=2020-09-03|website=www.presidencia.pt|language=pt}}</ref>

|-style="background:#E6E6AA
| '''-'''
|
| ''[[:pt:15.º governo republicano (Portugal)|Ministry]]''<br />{{small|(''Head of State ex officio'')<br />''President'': [[Sidónio Pais]]}}
| —
| 12 December 1917
| 28 April 1918
| –
| <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Sidónio Pais - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT|url=http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=13&idi=3340&idl=2|access-date=2020-09-03|website=www.presidencia.pt|language=pt}}</ref>

|-
! style="background:#4A452A; color:white;" | 4
| [[File:Sidónio Pais, phot. Bobone.png|80px]]
| '''[[Sidónio Pais]]'''{{efn|After leading a coup d'état, Sidónio Pais became President of the Revolutionary Junta and later Prime Minister (President of the Ministry). He then abolished the post of Prime Minister, assuming himself as the head of government as President of the Republic. He was assassinated in 1918.}}<br />{{small|(1872–1918)}}
| [[1918 Portuguese general election|{{small|April}}<br />1918]]
| 28 April 1918
| 14 December 1918{{Ref|A|[A]}}
| bgcolor=#d6d1b6| [[National Republican Party (Portugal)|National Republican]]<ref name=":2" />
| <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />

|-style="background:#E6E6AA
| '''-'''
|
| ''[[:pt:16.º governo republicano (Portugal)|Ministry]]''<br />{{small|(''Head of State ex officio'')<br />''President'': [[João do Canto e Castro]]}}
| —
| 14 December 1918
| 16 December 1918
| –
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Lei Nº 833, de 16 de Dezembro de 1918|url=https://www.parlamento.pt/Parlamento/Documents/lei_833.pdf|access-date=2022-08-28|website=www.parlamento.pt|language=pt}}</ref>

|-
! style="background:#4A452A; color:white;" | 5
| [[File:Fotografia oficial do Presidente da República João do Canto e Castro.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[João do Canto e Castro]]'''{{efn|Canto e Castro was head of the Council of Ministers that served as the head of state of Portugal after the assassination of Sidónio Pais in 1918, from December 14 to December 16. He then became interim president until the election of António José de Almeida.}}<br />{{small|(1862–1934)}}
| [[1918 Portuguese presidential election|{{small|December}}<br />1918]]
| 16 December 1918
| 5 October 1919
| bgcolor=#d6d1b6| [[National Republican Party (Portugal)|National Republican]]<ref name=":CC" />
| <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":CC">{{Cite web|title=Canto e Castro - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT|url=http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=13&idi=3341&idl=2|access-date=2020-09-03|website=www.presidencia.pt|language=pt}}</ref>

|-
! style="background:darkblue; color:white;" | 6
| [[File:Presidente António José de Almeida.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[António José de Almeida]]'''<br />{{small|(1866–1929)}}
| [[1919 Portuguese presidential election|1919]]
| 5 October 1919
| 5 October 1923
| bgcolor=#CADABA| [[Evolutionist Party]]<br />later [[Republican Liberal Party (Portugal)|Republican Liberal]]<ref name="JA" />
| <ref name=":0" /><ref name="JA" >{{Cite web|title=António José de Almeida - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT|url=http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=13&idi=3342&idl=2|access-date=2020-09-03|website=www.presidencia.pt|language=pt}}</ref>

|-
! style="background:#FF7189; color:white;" | 7
| [[File:Manuel Teixeira Gomes.png|80px]]
| '''[[Manuel Teixeira Gomes]]'''<br />{{small|(1860–1941)}}
| [[1923 Portuguese presidential election|1923]]
| 5 October 1923
| 11 December 1925{{Ref|R|[R]}}
| bgcolor=pink| [[Democratic Party (Portugal)|Democratic]]<ref name=":TG" />
| <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":TG" >{{Cite web|title=Teixeira Gomes - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT|url=http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=13&idi=3343&idl=2|access-date=2020-09-03|website=www.presidencia.pt|language=pt}}</ref>

|-  
! style="background:#FF7189; color:white;" | 8
| [[File:Fotografia oficial do Presidente da República Bernardino Machado.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Bernardino Machado]]'''<br />{{small|(1851–1944)}}<br />''2nd time''
| [[1925 Portuguese presidential election|1925]]
| 11 December 1925
| 31 May 1926{{Ref|C|[C]}}
| bgcolor=pink| [[Democratic Party (Portugal)|Democratic]]<ref name=":1" />
| <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
|}

=== Second Republic (1926–1974) ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; width=100%; line-height:19px;"
|-
! width=1%|No.
! width=5%|Portrait
! width=25%|President<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}}
! width=8%|Elected
! colspan=2 width=25%|Term of office
! width=20%|Political party
! scope="col"|{{abbr|{{smaller|Ref.}}|Reference}} 
|- style="background:#cccccc"
! colspan="8" | [[Ditadura Nacional|''Ditadura Nacional'' (National Dictatorship)]] (1926–1932)
|-
! style="background:gray; color:white;" | 9
| [[File:Vice-almirante José Mendes Cabeçadas Júnior.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[José Mendes Cabeçadas]]'''{{efn|name=ditadura|Mendes Cabeçadas, Gomes da Costa and Óscar Carmona were the heads of the revolutionary provisional governments during the year of 1926. Although not called Presidents, they were ''de facto'' heads of state.}}<br />{{small|(1883–1965)}}
| —
| 31 May 1926
| 17 June 1926{{Ref|C|[C]}}
| bgcolor=#DCDCDC| ''Nonpartisan''<ref name=":MCJ" />
| <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":MCJ" >{{Cite web|title=Mendes Cabeçadas - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT|url=http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=13&idi=3344&idl=2|access-date=2020-09-04|website=www.presidencia.pt|language=pt}}</ref>

|-style="background:#E6E6AA
| '''-'''
|
| ''[[:pt:2.º governo da ditadura (Portugal)|Ministry]]''<br />{{small|(''Head of State ex officio'')<br />''President'': [[Manuel Gomes da Costa]]}}
| —
| 17 June 1926
| 29 June 1926
| –
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=MRP - Manuel Gomes da Costa|url=https://www.museu.presidencia.pt/pt/conhecer/presidentes-da-republica-biografias/presidentes-da-ditadura/gomes-da-costa/|access-date=2022-08-28|website=www.museu.presidencia.pt|language=pt}}</ref>

|-
! style="background:gray; color:white;" | 10
| [[File:General Manuel Gomes da Costa (1918) - Photographia Vasques.png|80px]]
| '''[[Manuel Gomes da Costa]]'''{{efn|name=ditadura}}<br />{{small|(1863–1929)}}
| —
| 29 June 1926
| 9 July 1926{{Ref|C|[C]}}
| bgcolor=#DCDCDC| ''Nonpartisan''<ref name=":MGC" />
| <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":MGC" >{{Cite web|title=Gomes da Costa - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT|url=http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=13&idi=3345&idl=2|access-date=2020-09-04|website=www.presidencia.pt|language=pt}}</ref>

|-style="background:#E6E6AA
| '''-'''
|
| ''[[:pt:3.º governo da ditadura (Portugal)|Ministry]]''<br />{{small|(''Head of State ex officio'')<br />''President'': [[Óscar Carmona]]}}
| —
| 9 July 1926
| 16 November 1926
| –
| <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Óscar Carmona - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT|url=http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=13&idi=3346&idl=2|access-date=2020-09-04|website=www.presidencia.pt|language=pt}}</ref>

|-
! rowspan="3" style="background: linear-gradient(gray 59%, {{party color|National Union (Portugal)}} 41%); color:white;" | 11
| [[File:Retrato do Presidente da República Óscar Carmona - Photographia Ingleza de J. & M. Lazarus (Museu da Presidência da República).png|80px]]
| '''[[Óscar Carmona]]'''{{efn|name=ditadura}}{{efn|Óscar Carmona served initially as head of the revolutionary government after a counter-coup deposed Gomes da Costa. He was ''de facto'' head of state between July 9 and November 16, 1926. However he officially took office as President of the Republic on November 16, 1926. Six years later, in 1932, the ''Estado Novo'' was proclaimed and the [[National Union (Portugal)|National Union]], the only legal party, was formed by [[António de Oliveira Salazar]]. Carmona joined the party and was the party's candidate for every presidential election (that were considered fraudulent) until 1951, when he died.}}<br />{{small|(1869–1951)}}
| —
| 16 November 1926
| 15 April 1928
| bgcolor=#DCDCDC| ''Nonpartisan''
| <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />

|- style="background:#cccccc"
! colspan="8" | [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|''Estado Novo'' (New State)]] (1932–1974)
|-
| [[File:Retrato do Presidente da República Óscar Carmona - Photographia Ingleza de J. & M. Lazarus (Museu da Presidência da República).png|80px]]
| '''[[Óscar Carmona]]'''<br />{{small|(1869–1951)}}
| [[1928 Portuguese presidential election|1928]]<hr/>[[1935 Portuguese presidential election|1935]]<hr/>[[1942 Portuguese presidential election|1942]]<hr/>[[1949 Portuguese presidential election|1949]]
| 15 April 1928
| 18 April 1951{{Ref|D|[D]}}
| style="background: linear-gradient(#DCDCDC 20%, #AADDFF 10%); color:black;" | ''Nonpartisan''<br />{{small|from 1932}}<br />[[National Union (Portugal)|National Union]]
| <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />

|-style="background:#E6E6AA
| '''-'''
| [[File:António de Oliveira Salazar portrait (by Manuel Alves San Payo) – Lisboa.jpg|80px]]
| [[António de Oliveira Salazar]]{{efn|António de Oliveira Salazar, the dictatorial President of the Council of Ministers (a position roughly equivalent to the modern post of Prime Minister) occupied the post of president interim between the death of Óscar Carmona and the election of Francisco Craveiro Lopes.}}<br />{{small|(1889–1970)}}<br />(''interim'')
| —
| 18 April 1951
| 21 July 1951
| [[National Union (Portugal)|National Union]]
| <ref>{{Cite web|last=Alves|first=Maria Teixeira|publisher=Jornal Económico|date=2016-12-28|title=Site da Presidência exclui Salazar da lista de Presidentes da República|url=https://jornaleconomico.pt/noticias/site-da-presidencia-exclui-salazar-da-lista-presidentes-da-republica-105095|access-date=2022-08-28|website=www.jornaleconomico.pt|language=pt}}</ref>

|-
! style="background:{{party color|National Union (Portugal)}}; color:white;" | 12
| [[File:General Francisco Higino Craveiro Lopes, Presidente de Portugal.tif|80px]]
| '''[[Francisco Craveiro Lopes]]'''<br />{{small|(1894–1964)}}
| [[1951 Portuguese presidential election|1951]]
| 21 July 1951
| 9 August 1958
| style="background:#adf"| [[National Union (Portugal)|National Union]]
| <ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Craveiro Lopes - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT|url=http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=13&idi=3347&idl=2|access-date=2020-09-04|website=www.presidencia.pt|language=pt}}</ref>

|-  
! style="background:{{party color|National Union (Portugal)}}; color:white;" | 13
| [[File:Fotografia oficial do Presidente da República Américo Tomás.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Américo Tomás]]'''<br />{{small|(1894–1987)}}
| [[1958 Portuguese presidential election|1958]]<hr/>[[1965 Portuguese presidential election|1965]]<hr/>[[1972 Portuguese presidential election|1972]]
| 9 August 1958
| 25 April 1974{{Ref|C|[C]}}
| style="background:#adf"| [[National Union (Portugal)|National Union<br /><small>from 1970</small><br />People's National Action]]
| <ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Américo Tomás - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT|url=http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=13&idi=3348&idl=2|access-date=2020-09-04|website=www.presidencia.pt|language=pt}}</ref>
|}

=== Third Republic (1974–present) ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; width=100%; line-height:19px;"
|-
! width=1%|No.
! width=5%|Portrait
! width=25%|President<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}}
! width=8%|Elected
! colspan=2 width=25%|Term of office
! width=20%|Political party
! {{abbr|{{smaller|Ref.}}|Reference}}
|- style="background:#cccccc"
! colspan="8" | Presidents appointed in the aftermath of the [[Carnation Revolution]] (1974–1976)
|-style="background:#E6E6AA
| '''-'''
| colspan="2" |''[[National Salvation Junta]]''{{efn|Between the [[Carnation Revolution]] on April 25, 1974 and May 15 of the same year, António de Spínola was the head of the National Salvation Junta, being the ''de facto'' head of state and government. After May 15 [[Adelino da Palma Carlos]] became the Prime Minister, and Spínola continued as ''de jure'' head of state as President of the Republic.}}<br />{{small|''President'': [[António de Spínola]]}}
| —
| 25 April 1974
| 15 May 1974
| –
| <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=António de Spínola - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT|url=http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=13&idi=3352&idl=2|access-date=2020-10-05|website=www.presidencia.pt|language=pt}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:gray; color:white;" | 14
| {{CSS image crop|Image =António de Spínola (1974).png|bSize = 95|cWidth = 80|cHeight = 120|oTop = 0|oLeft = 5}}
| '''[[António de Spínola]]'''<br />{{small|(1910–1996)}}
| —
| 15 May 1974
| 30 September 1974{{Ref|R|[R]}}
| bgcolor=#DCDCDC| ''Nonpartisan''
| <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" />
|-
! style="background:gray; color:white;" | 15
| {{CSS image crop|Image = Francisco Costa Gomes Roma 1975.jpg|bSize = 180|cWidth = 80|cHeight = 120|oTop = 50|oLeft = 63}}
| '''[[Francisco da Costa Gomes]]'''<br />{{small|(1914–2001)}}
| —
| 30 September 1974
| 14 July 1976
| bgcolor=#DCDCDC| ''Nonpartisan''
| <ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Costa Gomes - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT|url=http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=13&idi=3349&idl=2|access-date=2020-10-05|website=www.presidencia.pt|language=pt}}</ref>
|- style="background:#cccccc"
! colspan="8" | Presidents elected under the Constitution of the Republic (1976–present)
|-
! style="background: linear-gradient(gray 75%, {{party color|Democratic Renewal Party (Portugal)}} 25%); color:white;" |16
| {{CSS image crop|Image = Ramalho Eanes (1983-09-14) (cropped).png|bSize = 110|cWidth = 80|cHeight = 120|oTop = 0|oLeft = 15}}
| '''[[António Ramalho Eanes]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1935)}}
| [[1976 Portuguese presidential election|1976]]<hr/>[[1980 Portuguese presidential election|1980]]
| 14 July 1976
| 9 March 1986
|  style="background: linear-gradient(#DCDCDC 75%, #D0F0C0 25%); color:black;" |''Nonpartisan''<br />{{small|from 1985}}<br />[[Democratic Renewal Party (Portugal)|Democratic Renewal]]
| <ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ramalho Eanes - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT|url=http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=13&idi=3350&idl=2|access-date=2020-10-05|website=www.presidencia.pt|language=pt}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Socialist Party (Portugal)}}; color:white;"| 17
| {{CSS image crop|Image = Mário Soares par Claude Truong-Ngoc 1978.png|bSize = 85|cWidth = 80|cHeight = 120|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}
| '''[[Mário Soares]]'''<br />{{small|(1924–2017)}}
| [[1986 Portuguese presidential election|1986]]<hr/>[[1991 Portuguese presidential election|1991]]
| 9 March 1986
| 9 March 1996
| {{Party shading/PS}} |[[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Socialist]]
| <ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mário Soares - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT|url=http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=13&idi=3351&idl=2|access-date=2020-10-05|website=www.presidencia.pt|language=pt}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Socialist Party (Portugal)}}; color:white;"| 18
| {{CSS image crop|Image = Jorge Sampaio 3.jpg|bSize = 90|cWidth = 80|cHeight = 120|oTop = 5|oLeft = 5}}
| '''[[Jorge Sampaio]]'''<br />{{small|(1939–2021)}}
| [[1996 Portuguese presidential election|1996]]<hr/>[[2001 Portuguese presidential election|2001]]
| 9 March 1996
| 9 March 2006
| {{Party shading/PS}} | [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Socialist]]
| <ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jorge Sampaio - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT|url=http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=13&idi=3335&idl=2|access-date=2020-10-05|website=www.presidencia.pt|language=pt}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}}; color:white;"| 19
| {{CSS image crop|Image = Cavaco Silva (2014-06-05), cropped.png|bSize = 110|cWidth = 80|cHeight = 120|oTop = 5|oLeft = 15}}
| '''[[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1939)}}
| [[2006 Portuguese presidential election|2006]]<hr/>[[2011 Portuguese presidential election|2011]]
| 9 March 2006
| 9 March 2016
| {{Party shading/PSD}} | [[Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|Social Democratic]]{{efn
| name = Cavaco
| Party member that suspended his membership during his term in office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSD ratifica hoje apoio a candidatura de Cavaco Silva a Belém |url=https://www.publico.pt/2005/10/29/politica/noticia/psd-ratifica-hoje-apoio-a-candidatura-de-cavaco-silva-a-belem-1237232 |date=2005-10-29|access-date=2025-09-14 |website=Público |language=pt}}</ref>}}
| <ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Aníbal Cavaco Silva - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT|url=http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=13&idi=103405&idl=2|access-date=2020-10-05|website=www.presidencia.pt|language=pt}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}}; color:white;"| 20
| {{CSS image crop|Image = Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa (Web Summit).jpg|bSize = 130|cWidth = 80|cHeight = 120|oTop = 20|oLeft = 25}}
| '''[[Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1948)}}
| [[2016 Portuguese presidential election|2016]]<hr/>[[2021 Portuguese presidential election|2021]]
| 9 March 2016
| ''Incumbent''
| {{Party shading/PSD}} | [[Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|Social Democratic]]{{efn
| name = Marcelo
| Party member that suspended his membership during his term in office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa suspendeu a militância no PSD |url=https://observador.pt/2016/04/01/marcelo-rebelo-sousa-suspendeu-militancia-do-psd/ |date=2016-04-01|access-date=2025-09-14 |website=Observador |language=pt}}</ref>}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa|url=http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=3&idi=103407&idl=2|access-date=2020-10-05|website=www.presidencia.pt|language=pt}}</ref>
|}

* Left office early:
: {{note_label|A|[A]}} Assassinated.
: {{note_label|D|[D]}} Died in office of natural causes.
: {{note_label|R|[R]}} Resigned.
: {{note_label|C|[C]}} Forced to resign due to a ''coup d'état''.

== Timeline ==
<div style="width:100%; overflow: auto;">
{| class="wikitable"
! {{flagicon|Portugal}} Timeline of Presidents of Portugal (1910–present)
|-
|{{#tag:timeline|
ImageSize = width:1000 height:auto barincrement:20
PlotArea  = top:30 bottom:120 right:160 left:3
AlignBars = late

Colors =
  id:PR      value:rgb(0.04,0.85,0.31)    legend:Republican
  id:PD      value:rgb(0.945,0.475,0.475) legend:Democratic
  id:PNR     value:rgb(0.29,0.27,0.16)    legend:National_Republican/Sidonist
  id:PRE/PLR value:rgb(0,0,0.55)          legend:Evolutionist/Republican_Liberal
  id:IND     value:rgb(0.50,0.50,0.50)    legend:None_(Nonpartisan)
  id:UN/ANP  value:rgb(0,0.28,0.67)       legend:National_Union/Popular_National_Action
  id:PRD     value:rgb(0,0.50,0)          legend:Democratic_Renewal
  id:PS      value:rgb(1,0.40,1)          legend:Socialist
  id:PSD     value:rgb(1,0.60,0)          legend:Social_Democratic

  id:gray1  value:gray(0.8)
  id:gray2  value:gray(0.9)
  id:grid   value:gray(0.5)

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period     = from:01/01/1910 till:{{#time:d/m/Y}}
TimeAxis   = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:10 start:1915
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1  start:1910

Legend     = columns:1 left:165 top:80 columnwidth:75

TextData =
  pos:(20,85) textcolor:black fontsize:M
  text:"Political parties:"

BarData =
  barset:PR

  bar:Country

BarData =
  bar:TeófiloBraga
  bar:ManueldeArriaga
  bar:BernardinoMachado
  bar:SidónioPais
  bar:CantoeCastro
  bar:AntónioJosédeAlmeida
  bar:ManuelTeixeiraGomes
  bar:MendesCabeçadas
  bar:GomesdaCosta
  bar:ÓscarCarmona
  bar:OliveiraSalazar
  bar:CraveiroLopes
  bar:AméricoTomás
  bar:AntóniodeSpínola
  bar:CostaGomes
  bar:RamalhoEanes
  bar:MárioSoares
  bar:JorgeSampaio
  bar:CavacoSilva
  bar:MarceloRebelodeSousa

Define $dy2 = 20
Define $centerpos1 = align:center shift:(0,$dy2)

Define $dy3 = 32
Define $centerpos2 = align:center shift:(0,$dy3)

LineData =
  at: 05/10/1910 color:grid layer:back width:0.1
  at: 30/05/1926 color:grid layer:back width:0.1
  at: 05/07/1932 color:grid layer:back width:0.1
  at: 25/04/1974 color:grid layer:back width:0.1

PlotData =
  width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
  barset:PR

 bar:TeófiloBraga
  from:05/10/1910 till:24/08/1911 color:PR
  from:29/05/1915 till:05/10/1915 color:PD      text:"[[Teófilo Braga|Braga]]" fontsize:10
 bar:ManueldeArriaga
  from:24/08/1911 till:01/01/1912 color:PR
  from:01/01/1912 till:26/05/1915 color:PD      text:"[[Manuel de Arriaga|Arriaga]]" fontsize:10
 bar:BernardinoMachado
  from:05/10/1915 till:05/12/1917 color:PD
  from:11/12/1925 till:31/05/1926 color:PD      text:"[[Bernardino Machado|Machado]]" fontsize:10
 bar:SidónioPais
  from:28/04/1918 till:14/12/1918 color:PNR     text:"[[Sidónio Pais|Pais]]" fontsize:10
 bar:CantoeCastro
  from:14/12/1918 till:05/10/1919 color:PNR     text:"[[João do Canto e Castro|Canto e Castro]]" fontsize:10
 bar:AntónioJosédeAlmeida
  from:05/10/1919 till:05/10/1923 color:PRE/PLR text:"[[António José de Almeida|Almeida]]" fontsize:10
 bar:ManuelTeixeiraGomes
  from:05/10/1923 till:11/12/1925 color:PD      text:"[[Manuel Teixeira Gomes|Teixeira Gomes]]" fontsize:10
 bar:MendesCabeçadas
  from:31/05/1926 till:17/06/1926 color:IND     text:"[[José Mendes Cabeçadas|Mendes Cabeçadas]]" fontsize:10
 bar:GomesdaCosta
  from:17/06/1926 till:09/07/1926 color:IND     text:"[[Manuel Gomes da Costa|Gomes da Costa]]" fontsize:10
 bar:ÓscarCarmona
  from:09/07/1926 till:05/09/1932 color:IND
  from:05/09/1932 till:18/04/1951 color:UN/ANP  text:"[[Óscar Carmona|Carmona]]" fontsize:10
 bar:OliveiraSalazar
  from:18/04/1951 till:21/07/1951 color:UN/ANP  text:"[[António de Oliveira Salazar|Salazar]] (interim)" fontsize:10
 bar:CraveiroLopes
  from:21/07/1951 till:09/08/1958 color:UN/ANP  text:"[[Craveiro Lopes]]" fontsize:10
 bar:AméricoTomás
  from:09/08/1958 till:25/04/1974 color:UN/ANP  text:"[[Américo Tomás|Tomás]]" fontsize:10
 bar:AntóniodeSpínola
  from:25/04/1974 till:30/09/1974 color:IND     text:"[[António de Spínola|Spínola]]" fontsize:10
 bar:CostaGomes
  from:30/09/1974 till:13/07/1976 color:IND     text:"[[Francisco da Costa Gomes|Costa Gomes]]" fontsize:10
 bar:RamalhoEanes
  from:13/07/1976 till:10/07/1985 color:IND
  from:10/07/1985 till:09/03/1986 color:PRD     text:"[[António Ramalho Eanes|Eanes]]" fontsize:10
 bar:MárioSoares
  from:09/03/1986 till:09/03/1996 color:PS      text:"[[Mário Soares|Soares]]" fontsize:10
 bar:JorgeSampaio
  from:09/03/1996 till:09/03/2006 color:PS      text:"[[Jorge Sampaio|Sampaio]]" fontsize:10
 bar:CavacoSilva
  from:09/03/2006 till:09/03/2016 color:PSD     text:"[[Aníbal Cavaco Silva|Cavaco Silva]]" fontsize:10  
 bar:MarceloRebelodeSousa
  from:09/03/2016 till:end        color:PSD     text:"[[Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa|Rebelo de Sousa]]" fontsize:10 

  bar:Country textcolor:black fontsize:S
  at:05/10/1918 $centerpos2  text:"1st Republic"
  at:30/05/1929 $centerpos2  text:"Dictatorship" fontsize:xs
  at:05/07/1953 $centerpos2  text:"Estado Novo" 
  at:25/04/1998 $centerpos2  text:"3rd Republic"
  at:05/10/1918 $centerpos1  text:"(1910–1926)"
  at:30/05/1929 $centerpos1  text:"(1926–1932)" fontsize:xs
  at:05/07/1953 $centerpos1  text:"(1932–1974)" 
  at:25/04/1998 $centerpos1  text:"(1974–present)"

}}
|}</div>

== Birthplaces ==
{{location map+|Portugal
|float=center
|width=300
|caption=Birthplaces of the presidents of the Portuguese Republic. Not shown are [[Manuel de Arriaga]] <small>(born in [[Horta, Azores|Horta]], [[Azores]], [[Portugal]])</small>, [[Teófilo Braga]] <small>(born in [[Ponta Delgada]], [[Azores]], [[Portugal]])</small>, and [[Bernardino Machado]] <small>(born in [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]])</small>.
|places=
{{Location map~|Portugal|position=right|lat=41.833333|long=-8.833333|label='''[[Sidónio Pais|Pais]]'''|marksize=6}}
{{Location map~|Portugal|position=top|lat=38.713889|long=-9.139444|label='''[[João do Canto e Castro|Canto e Castro]]''', '''[[Manuel Gomes da Costa|Gomes da Costa]]''', '''[[Óscar Carmona|Carmona]]''', '''[[Francisco Craveiro Lopes|Craveiro Lopes]]''', '''[[Américo Tomás|Thomaz]]''', '''[[Mário Soares|Soares]]''', '''[[Jorge Sampaio|Sampaio]]''', '''[[Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa|Rebelo de Sousa]]'''|marksize=6}}
{{Location map~|Portugal|position=right|lat=40.270556|long=-8.283333|label='''[[António José de Almeida|Almeida]]'''|marksize=6}}
{{Location map~|Portugal|position=left|lat=37.136944|long=-8.538333|label='''[[Manuel Teixeira Gomes|Teixeira Gomes]]'''|marksize=6}}
{{Location map~|Portugal|position=top|lat=37.150000|long=-8.000000|label='''[[José Mendes Cabeçadas|Mendes Cabeçadas]]'''|marksize=6}}
{{Location map~|Portugal|position=right|lat=38.850000|long=-7.583333|label='''[[António de Spínola]]'''|marksize=6}}
{{Location map~|Portugal|position=right|lat=41.740556|long=-7.471389|label='''[[Francisco da Costa Gomes|Costa Gomes]]'''|marksize=6}}
{{Location map~|Portugal|position=right|lat=39.916000|long=-7.456000|label='''[[António Ramalho Eanes|Ramalho Eanes]]'''|marksize=6}}
{{Location map~|Portugal|position=bottom|lat=37.133000|long=-8.159000|label='''[[Aníbal Cavaco Silva|Cavaco Silva]]'''|marksize=6}}
}}

==Presidents by time in office==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left; font-size: 100%;" cellpadding=2 cellspacing=2
|-
! Rank !! President!!  Time in office  !! Terms !! Party 
|-
! 1 
| [[Óscar Carmona]]  || 24 years, 286 days || 5 || {{color test|{{party color|Nonpartisan}}|size=1}} ''Nonpartisan'' → {{color test|{{party color|National Union (Portugal)}}|size=1}} [[National Union (Portugal)|National Union]]
|-
! 2 
| [[Américo Tomás]]  || 15 years, 259 days || 3 || {{color test|{{party color|National Union (Portugal)}}|size=1}} [[National Union (Portugal)|National Union]]
|-
! rowspan=3|3 
| [[Mário Soares]]  || 10 years, 0 days || 2 || {{color test|{{party color|Socialist Party (Portugal)}}|size=1}} [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Socialist]]
|-
| [[Jorge Sampaio]]  || 10 years, 0 days || 2 || {{color test|{{party color|Socialist Party (Portugal)}}|size=1}} [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Socialist]]
|-
| [[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]]  || 10 years, 0 days || 2 || {{color test|{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}}|size=1}} [[Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|Social Democratic]]
|-bgcolor="ccccff"
| align="center"|'''4''' || '''[[Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa]]''' ||  '''{{age in years and days|2016|3|9}}<br/>(Incumbent)''' || '''2'''||  {{color test|{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}}|size=1}} [[Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|Social Democratic]]
|-
! 5 
| [[António Ramalho Eanes]]  || 9 years, 238 days || 2 || {{color test|{{party color|Nonpartisan}}|size=1}} ''Nonpartisan'' → {{color test|{{party color|Democratic Renewal Party (Portugal)}}|size=1}} [[Democratic Renewal Party (Portugal)|Democratic Renewal]]
|-
! 6 
| [[Francisco Craveiro Lopes]]  || 7 years, 0 days || 1 || {{color test|{{party color|National Union (Portugal)}}|size=1}} [[National Union (Portugal)|National Union]]
|-
! 7 
| [[António José de Almeida]]  || 4 years, 0 days || 1 || {{color test|{{party color|Evolutionist Party}}|size=1}} [[Evolutionist Party|Evolutionist]] → {{color test|{{party color|Republican Liberal Party (Portugal)}}|size=1}} [[Republican Liberal Party (Portugal)|Republican Liberal]]
|-
! 8 
| [[Manuel de Arriaga]]  || 3 years, 278 days || 1 || {{color test|{{party color|Portuguese Republican Party}}|size=1}} [[Portuguese Republican Party|Republican]] → {{color test|{{party color|Democratic Party (Portugal)}}|size=1}} [[Democratic Party (Portugal)|Democratic]]
|-
! 9 
| [[Bernardino Machado]]  || 2 years, 239 days || 2 || {{color test|{{party color|Democratic Party (Portugal)}}|size=1}} [[Democratic Party (Portugal)|Democratic]]
|-
! 10 
| [[Manuel Teixeira Gomes]]  || 2 year, 67 days || 1 || {{color test|{{party color|Democratic Party (Portugal)}}|size=1}} [[Democratic Party (Portugal)|Democratic]]
|-
! 11 
| [[Francisco da Costa Gomes]]  || 1 year, 288 days || 1 || {{color test|{{party color|Nonpartisan}}|size=1}} ''Nonpartisan''
|-
! 12 
| [[Teófilo Braga]]  || 1 year, 87 days || 1 || {{color test|{{party color|Portuguese Republican Party}}|size=1}} [[Portuguese Republican Party|Republican]] → {{color test|{{party color|Democratic Party (Portugal)}}|size=1}} [[Democratic Party (Portugal)|Democratic]]
|-
! 13 
| [[Sidónio Pais]]  || 1 year, 2 days || 1 || {{color test|{{party color|National Republican Party (Portugal)}}|size=1}} [[National Republican Party (Portugal)|National Republican]]
|-
! 14 
| [[João do Canto e Castro]]  || 295 days || 1 || {{color test|{{party color|National Republican Party (Portugal)}}|size=1}} [[National Republican Party (Portugal)|National Republican]]
|-
! 15 
| [[António de Spínola]]  || 158 days || 1 || {{color test|{{party color|Nonpartisan}}|size=1}} ''Nonpartisan''
|-
! 16 
| [[António de Oliveira Salazar]]  || 93 days || 1 || {{color test|{{party color|National Union (Portugal)}}|size=1}} [[National Union (Portugal)|National Union]]
|-
! 17 
| [[Manuel Gomes da Costa]]  || 22 days || 1 || {{color test|{{party color|Nonpartisan}}|size=1}} ''Nonpartisan''
|-
! 18 
| [[José Mendes Cabeçadas]]  || 17 days || 1 || {{color test|{{party color|Nonpartisan}}|size=1}} ''Nonpartisan''
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Portugal}}
*[[President of Portugal]]
*[[First Lady of Portugal]]
*[[List of heads of state of Portugal]]
*[[List of prime ministers of Portugal]]
*[[List of Portuguese monarchs]]
*[[Prime Minister of Portugal]]
*[[Politics of Portugal]]
*[[History of Portugal]]
**[[First Portuguese Republic|History of Portugal (1910–1926)]]
**[[Ditadura Nacional|History of Portugal (1926–1932)]]
**[[Estado Novo (Portugal)|History of Portugal (1932–1974)]]
**[[History of Portugal (1974–1986)]]
**[[History of Portugal (1986–2000)]]
**[[Portugal in the 2000s|History of Portugal (2000–present)]]
*[[Timeline of Portuguese history]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}
<!-- Dead note "Teofilo2": After Arriaga's resignation Teófilo Braga occupied briefly the post of President interim until the election of Bernardino Machado. -->

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite book | author = Jornal de Notícias |date=January–May 2006 | title = Presidents de Portugal - Fotobiografias | editor =Museu da Presidência da República/Jornal de Notícias | edition = 1st | location = Porto}}
*{{cite web | title=Portal da História | work=Biografias dos Presidentes | url=http://www.arqnet.pt/ | access-date=February 8, 2006}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Presidents Of Portugal}}
[[Category:Lists of national presidents|Portugal]]
[[Category:Lists of people by time in office|Portuguese presidents by time in office]]
[[Category:Presidents of Portugal| ]]
[[Category:Political history of Portugal|Presidents]]
[[Category:Lists of political office-holders in Portugal|Presidents]]
[[Category:Portuguese history timelines|Presidents]]
[[Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines]]