List of presidents of Portugal

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Template:Short description Template:For Template:Multiple issues Template:Multiple image Template:Politics of Portugal The complete list of presidents of the Portuguese Republic consists of the 20 heads of state in the history of Portugal since the 5 October 1910 revolution that installed a republican regime.

This list includes not only those persons who were sworn into office as President of Portugal but also those who de facto served as head of state since 1910. This is the case of Teófilo Braga who served as President of the Provisional Government after the republican coup d'état. Also Sidónio Pais, Mendes Cabeçadas, Gomes da Costa, as well as Canto e Castro and Óscar Carmona in their early months, were not sworn into office as presidents of the Republic, usually being prime ministers, but de facto accumulated this function, thus combining in practice head of state and head of government in one person.

See the notes for more information.

Election terms

The numbering reflects the uninterrupted terms in office served by a single man. For example, Jorge Sampaio served two consecutive terms and is counted as the 19th president (not the 19th and 20th). Teófilo Braga served as the first and sole president of the Provisional Government, and therefore is not considered to be the first president, although he would serve again as head of state and be the second president after the resignation of Manuel de Arriaga.

However, Bernardino Machado served two non-consecutive terms, and he is counted as both the third and the eighth presidents. Because of this, the list below contains 20 presidencies, but only 19 presidents.

Under the Constitution of Portugal adopted in 1976, in the wake of the 1974 Carnation Revolution, the president is elected to a five-year term with the possibility of running for a second consecutive term; there is no limit to the number of terms a president may serve, but a president who serves two consecutive terms may not serve again in the next five years after the second term finishes.

The official residence of the president of Portugal is the Belém Palace.

The current president of the Portuguese Republic is Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, the winner of the 2016 presidential election and re-elected in the 2021 presidential election.

Presidents

The colors indicate the political affiliation of each president.

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First Republic (1910–1926)

No. Portrait President
Template:Small 		Elected Term of office Political party Template:Abbr
President of the Provisional Government of the Republic (1910–1911)
- Teófilo BragaTemplate:Efn
Template:Small 		— 5 October 1910 24 August 1911 Republican <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Presidents of the Republic (1911–1926)
1 Manuel de Arriaga
Template:Small 		1911 24 August 1911 26 May 1915Template:Ref Republican
later Democratic<ref name="Manuel" /> 		<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Manuel">Template:Cite web</ref>
2 Teófilo Braga
Template:Small 		[[May 1915 Portuguese presidential election|Template:Small
1915]] 		29 May 1915 5 October 1915 Democratic<ref name="Teófilo" /> <ref name=":0" /><ref name="Teófilo">Template:Cite web</ref>
3 Bernardino Machado
Template:Small 		[[August 1915 Portuguese presidential election|Template:Small
1915]] 		5 October 1915 5 December 1917Template:Ref Democratic<ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref>
- Ministry
Template:Small 		— 12 December 1917 28 April 1918 – <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">Template:Cite web</ref>
4 Sidónio PaisTemplate:Efn
Template:Small 		[[1918 Portuguese general election|Template:Small
1918]] 		28 April 1918 14 December 1918Template:Ref National Republican<ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />
- Ministry
Template:Small 		— 14 December 1918 16 December 1918 – <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
5 João do Canto e CastroTemplate:Efn
Template:Small 		[[1918 Portuguese presidential election|Template:Small
1918]] 		16 December 1918 5 October 1919 National Republican<ref name=":CC" /> <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":CC">Template:Cite web</ref>
6 António José de Almeida
Template:Small 		1919 5 October 1919 5 October 1923 Evolutionist Party
later Republican Liberal<ref name="JA" /> 		<ref name=":0" /><ref name="JA" >Template:Cite web</ref>
7 Manuel Teixeira Gomes
Template:Small 		1923 5 October 1923 11 December 1925Template:Ref Democratic<ref name=":TG" /> <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":TG" >Template:Cite web</ref>
8 Bernardino Machado
Template:Small
2nd time 		1925 11 December 1925 31 May 1926Template:Ref Democratic<ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Second Republic (1926–1974)

No. Portrait President
Template:Small 		Elected Term of office Political party Template:Abbr
Ditadura Nacional (National Dictatorship) (1926–1932)
9 José Mendes CabeçadasTemplate:Efn
Template:Small 		— 31 May 1926 17 June 1926Template:Ref Nonpartisan<ref name=":MCJ" /> <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":MCJ" >Template:Cite web</ref>
- Ministry
Template:Small 		— 17 June 1926 29 June 1926 – <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
10 Manuel Gomes da CostaTemplate:Efn
Template:Small 		— 29 June 1926 9 July 1926Template:Ref Nonpartisan<ref name=":MGC" /> <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":MGC" >Template:Cite web</ref>
- Ministry
Template:Small 		— 9 July 1926 16 November 1926 – <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">Template:Cite web</ref>
rowspan="3" style="background: linear-gradient(gray 59%, Template:Party color 41%); color:white;" | 11 Óscar CarmonaTemplate:EfnTemplate:Efn
Template:Small 		— 16 November 1926 15 April 1928 Nonpartisan <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />
Estado Novo (New State) (1932–1974)
Óscar Carmona
Template:Small 		1928
1935
1942
1949 		15 April 1928 18 April 1951Template:Ref Nonpartisan
Template:Small
National Union 		<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />
- António de Oliveira SalazarTemplate:Efn
Template:Small
(interim) 		— 18 April 1951 21 July 1951 National Union <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" | 12 Francisco Craveiro Lopes
Template:Small 		1951 21 July 1951 9 August 1958 National Union <ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" | 13 Américo Tomás
Template:Small 		1958
1965
1972 		9 August 1958 25 April 1974Template:Ref National Union
from 1970
People's National Action 		<ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Third Republic (1974–present)

No. Portrait President
Template:Small 		Elected Term of office Political party Template:Abbr
Presidents appointed in the aftermath of the Carnation Revolution (1974–1976)
- National Salvation JuntaTemplate:Efn
Template:Small 		— 25 April 1974 15 May 1974 – <ref name=":4">Template:Cite web</ref>
14 Template:CSS image crop António de Spínola
Template:Small 		— 15 May 1974 30 September 1974Template:Ref Nonpartisan <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" />
15 Template:CSS image crop Francisco da Costa Gomes
Template:Small 		— 30 September 1974 14 July 1976 Nonpartisan <ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Presidents elected under the Constitution of the Republic (1976–present)
style="background: linear-gradient(gray 75%, Template:Party color 25%); color:white;" |16 Template:CSS image crop António Ramalho Eanes
Template:Small 		1976
1980 		14 July 1976 9 March 1986 Nonpartisan
Template:Small
Democratic Renewal 		<ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"| 17 Template:CSS image crop Mário Soares
Template:Small 		1986
1991 		9 March 1986 9 March 1996 Template:Party shading/PS |Socialist <ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"| 18 Template:CSS image crop Jorge Sampaio
Template:Small 		1996
2001 		9 March 1996 9 March 2006 Template:Party shading/PS | Socialist <ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"| 19 Template:CSS image crop Aníbal Cavaco Silva
Template:Small 		2006
2011 		9 March 2006 9 March 2016 Template:Party shading/PSD | Social DemocraticTemplate:Efn <ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"| 20 Template:CSS image crop Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
Template:Small 		2016
2021 		9 March 2016 Incumbent Template:Party shading/PSD | Social DemocraticTemplate:Efn <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Left office early:
Template:Note label Assassinated.
Template:Note label Died in office of natural causes.
Template:Note label Resigned.
Template:Note label Forced to resign due to a coup d'état.

Timeline

Template:Flagicon Timeline of Presidents of Portugal (1910–present)
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 from:05/10/1915 till:05/12/1917 color:PD
 from:11/12/1925 till:31/05/1926 color:PD      text:"Machado" fontsize:10
bar:SidónioPais
 from:28/04/1918 till:14/12/1918 color:PNR     text:"Pais" fontsize:10
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bar:CraveiroLopes
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bar:AntóniodeSpínola
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bar:CostaGomes
 from:30/09/1974 till:13/07/1976 color:IND     text:"Costa Gomes" fontsize:10
bar:RamalhoEanes
 from:13/07/1976 till:10/07/1985 color:IND
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bar:MárioSoares
 from:09/03/1986 till:09/03/1996 color:PS      text:"Soares" fontsize:10
bar:JorgeSampaio
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 from:09/03/2016 till:end        color:PSD     text:"Rebelo de Sousa" fontsize:10 

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Birthplaces

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Presidents by time in office

Rank President Time in office Terms Party
1 Óscar Carmona 24 years, 286 days 5 Template:Color test Nonpartisan → Template:Color test National Union
2 Américo Tomás 15 years, 259 days 3 Template:Color test National Union
3 Mário Soares 10 years, 0 days 2 Template:Color test Socialist
Jorge Sampaio 10 years, 0 days 2 Template:Color test Socialist
Aníbal Cavaco Silva 10 years, 0 days 2 Template:Color test Social Democratic
4 Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa Template:Age in years and days
(Incumbent)		 2 Template:Color test Social Democratic
5 António Ramalho Eanes 9 years, 238 days 2 Template:Color test Nonpartisan → Template:Color test Democratic Renewal
6 Francisco Craveiro Lopes 7 years, 0 days 1 Template:Color test National Union
7 António José de Almeida 4 years, 0 days 1 Template:Color test Evolutionist → Template:Color test Republican Liberal
8 Manuel de Arriaga 3 years, 278 days 1 Template:Color test Republican → Template:Color test Democratic
9 Bernardino Machado 2 years, 239 days 2 Template:Color test Democratic
10 Manuel Teixeira Gomes 2 year, 67 days 1 Template:Color test Democratic
11 Francisco da Costa Gomes 1 year, 288 days 1 Template:Color test Nonpartisan
12 Teófilo Braga 1 year, 87 days 1 Template:Color test Republican → Template:Color test Democratic
13 Sidónio Pais 1 year, 2 days 1 Template:Color test National Republican
14 João do Canto e Castro 295 days 1 Template:Color test National Republican
15 António de Spínola 158 days 1 Template:Color test Nonpartisan
16 António de Oliveira Salazar 93 days 1 Template:Color test National Union
17 Manuel Gomes da Costa 22 days 1 Template:Color test Nonpartisan
18 José Mendes Cabeçadas 17 days 1 Template:Color test Nonpartisan

See also

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Notes

Template:Notelist

References

Template:Reflist

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