List of presidents of Portugal
Template:Short description Template:For Template:Multiple issues Template:Multiple image Template:Politics of Portugal The complete list of presidents of the Portuguese Republic consists of the 20 heads of state in the history of Portugal since the 5 October 1910 revolution that installed a republican regime.
This list includes not only those persons who were sworn into office as President of Portugal but also those who de facto served as head of state since 1910. This is the case of Teófilo Braga who served as President of the Provisional Government after the republican coup d'état. Also Sidónio Pais, Mendes Cabeçadas, Gomes da Costa, as well as Canto e Castro and Óscar Carmona in their early months, were not sworn into office as presidents of the Republic, usually being prime ministers, but de facto accumulated this function, thus combining in practice head of state and head of government in one person.
See the notes for more information.
Election terms
The numbering reflects the uninterrupted terms in office served by a single man. For example, Jorge Sampaio served two consecutive terms and is counted as the 19th president (not the 19th and 20th). Teófilo Braga served as the first and sole president of the Provisional Government, and therefore is not considered to be the first president, although he would serve again as head of state and be the second president after the resignation of Manuel de Arriaga.
However, Bernardino Machado served two non-consecutive terms, and he is counted as both the third and the eighth presidents. Because of this, the list below contains 20 presidencies, but only 19 presidents.
Under the Constitution of Portugal adopted in 1976, in the wake of the 1974 Carnation Revolution, the president is elected to a five-year term with the possibility of running for a second consecutive term; there is no limit to the number of terms a president may serve, but a president who serves two consecutive terms may not serve again in the next five years after the second term finishes.
The official residence of the president of Portugal is the Belém Palace.
The current president of the Portuguese Republic is Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, the winner of the 2016 presidential election and re-elected in the 2021 presidential election.
Presidents
The colors indicate the political affiliation of each president.
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First Republic (1910–1926)
| No. | Portrait | President Template:Small |
Elected | Term of office | Political party | Template:Abbr | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| President of the Provisional Government of the Republic (1910–1911) | |||||||
| - | Teófilo BragaTemplate:Efn Template:Small |
— | 5 October 1910 | 24 August 1911 | Republican | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | |
| Presidents of the Republic (1911–1926) | |||||||
| 1 | Manuel de Arriaga Template:Small |
1911 | 24 August 1911 | 26 May 1915Template:Ref | Republican later Democratic<ref name="Manuel" /> |
<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Manuel">Template:Cite web</ref> | |
| 2 | Teófilo Braga Template:Small |
[[May 1915 Portuguese presidential election|Template:Small 1915]] |
29 May 1915 | 5 October 1915 | Democratic<ref name="Teófilo" /> | <ref name=":0" /><ref name="Teófilo">Template:Cite web</ref> | |
| 3 | Bernardino Machado Template:Small |
[[August 1915 Portuguese presidential election|Template:Small 1915]] |
5 October 1915 | 5 December 1917Template:Ref | Democratic<ref name=":1" /> | <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref> | |
| - | Ministry Template:Small |
— | 12 December 1917 | 28 April 1918 | – | <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">Template:Cite web</ref> | |
| 4 | Sidónio PaisTemplate:Efn Template:Small |
[[1918 Portuguese general election|Template:Small 1918]] |
28 April 1918 | 14 December 1918Template:Ref | National Republican<ref name=":2" /> | <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> | |
| - | Ministry Template:Small |
— | 14 December 1918 | 16 December 1918 | – | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | |
| 5 | João do Canto e CastroTemplate:Efn Template:Small |
[[1918 Portuguese presidential election|Template:Small 1918]] |
16 December 1918 | 5 October 1919 | National Republican<ref name=":CC" /> | <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":CC">Template:Cite web</ref> | |
| 6 | António José de Almeida Template:Small |
1919 | 5 October 1919 | 5 October 1923 | Evolutionist Party later Republican Liberal<ref name="JA" /> |
<ref name=":0" /><ref name="JA" >Template:Cite web</ref> | |
| 7 | Manuel Teixeira Gomes Template:Small |
1923 | 5 October 1923 | 11 December 1925Template:Ref | Democratic<ref name=":TG" /> | <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":TG" >Template:Cite web</ref> | |
| 8 | Bernardino Machado Template:Small 2nd time |
1925 | 11 December 1925 | 31 May 1926Template:Ref | Democratic<ref name=":1" /> | <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> | |
Second Republic (1926–1974)
| No. | Portrait | President Template:Small |
Elected | Term of office | Political party | Template:Abbr | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ditadura Nacional (National Dictatorship) (1926–1932) | |||||||
| 9 | José Mendes CabeçadasTemplate:Efn Template:Small |
— | 31 May 1926 | 17 June 1926Template:Ref | Nonpartisan<ref name=":MCJ" /> | <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":MCJ" >Template:Cite web</ref> | |
| - | Ministry Template:Small |
— | 17 June 1926 | 29 June 1926 | – | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | |
| 10 | Manuel Gomes da CostaTemplate:Efn Template:Small |
— | 29 June 1926 | 9 July 1926Template:Ref | Nonpartisan<ref name=":MGC" /> | <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":MGC" >Template:Cite web</ref> | |
| - | Ministry Template:Small |
— | 9 July 1926 | 16 November 1926 | – | <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">Template:Cite web</ref> | |
| rowspan="3" style="background: linear-gradient(gray 59%, Template:Party color 41%); color:white;" | 11 | Óscar CarmonaTemplate:EfnTemplate:Efn Template:Small |
— | 16 November 1926 | 15 April 1928 | Nonpartisan | <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> | |
| Estado Novo (New State) (1932–1974) | |||||||
| Óscar Carmona Template:Small |
1928 1935 1942 1949 |
15 April 1928 | 18 April 1951Template:Ref | Nonpartisan Template:Small National Union |
<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> | ||
| - | António de Oliveira SalazarTemplate:Efn Template:Small (interim) |
— | 18 April 1951 | 21 July 1951 | National Union | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" | 12 | Francisco Craveiro Lopes Template:Small |
1951 | 21 July 1951 | 9 August 1958 | National Union | <ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" | 13 | Américo Tomás Template:Small |
1958 1965 1972 |
9 August 1958 | 25 April 1974Template:Ref | National Union from 1970 People's National Action |
<ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | |
Third Republic (1974–present)
- Left office early:
- Template:Note label Assassinated.
- Template:Note label Died in office of natural causes.
- Template:Note label Resigned.
- Template:Note label Forced to resign due to a coup d'état.
Timeline
| Template:Flagicon Timeline of Presidents of Portugal (1910–present) |
|---|
| <timeline>
ImageSize = width:1000 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = top:30 bottom:120 right:160 left:3 AlignBars = late Colors = id:PR value:rgb(0.04,0.85,0.31) legend:Republican id:PD value:rgb(0.945,0.475,0.475) legend:Democratic id:PNR value:rgb(0.29,0.27,0.16) legend:National_Republican/Sidonist id:PRE/PLR value:rgb(0,0,0.55) legend:Evolutionist/Republican_Liberal id:IND value:rgb(0.50,0.50,0.50) legend:None_(Nonpartisan) id:UN/ANP value:rgb(0,0.28,0.67) legend:National_Union/Popular_National_Action id:PRD value:rgb(0,0.50,0) legend:Democratic_Renewal id:PS value:rgb(1,0.40,1) legend:Socialist id:PSD value:rgb(1,0.60,0) legend:Social_Democratic id:gray1 value:gray(0.8) id:gray2 value:gray(0.9) id:grid value:gray(0.5) DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1910 till:{{#time:d/m/Y}} TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:10 start:1915 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1910 Legend = columns:1 left:165 top:80 columnwidth:75 TextData = pos:(20,85) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political parties:" BarData = barset:PR bar:Country BarData = bar:TeófiloBraga bar:ManueldeArriaga bar:BernardinoMachado bar:SidónioPais bar:CantoeCastro bar:AntónioJosédeAlmeida bar:ManuelTeixeiraGomes bar:MendesCabeçadas bar:GomesdaCosta bar:ÓscarCarmona bar:OliveiraSalazar bar:CraveiroLopes bar:AméricoTomás bar:AntóniodeSpínola bar:CostaGomes bar:RamalhoEanes bar:MárioSoares bar:JorgeSampaio bar:CavacoSilva bar:MarceloRebelodeSousa Define $dy2 = 20 Define $centerpos1 = align:center shift:(0,$dy2) Define $dy3 = 32 Define $centerpos2 = align:center shift:(0,$dy3) LineData = at: 05/10/1910 color:grid layer:back width:0.1 at: 30/05/1926 color:grid layer:back width:0.1 at: 05/07/1932 color:grid layer:back width:0.1 at: 25/04/1974 color:grid layer:back width:0.1 PlotData = width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PR bar:TeófiloBraga from:05/10/1910 till:24/08/1911 color:PR from:29/05/1915 till:05/10/1915 color:PD text:"Braga" fontsize:10 bar:ManueldeArriaga from:24/08/1911 till:01/01/1912 color:PR from:01/01/1912 till:26/05/1915 color:PD text:"Arriaga" fontsize:10 bar:BernardinoMachado from:05/10/1915 till:05/12/1917 color:PD from:11/12/1925 till:31/05/1926 color:PD text:"Machado" fontsize:10 bar:SidónioPais from:28/04/1918 till:14/12/1918 color:PNR text:"Pais" fontsize:10 bar:CantoeCastro from:14/12/1918 till:05/10/1919 color:PNR text:"Canto e Castro" fontsize:10 bar:AntónioJosédeAlmeida from:05/10/1919 till:05/10/1923 color:PRE/PLR text:"Almeida" fontsize:10 bar:ManuelTeixeiraGomes from:05/10/1923 till:11/12/1925 color:PD text:"Teixeira Gomes" fontsize:10 bar:MendesCabeçadas from:31/05/1926 till:17/06/1926 color:IND text:"Mendes Cabeçadas" fontsize:10 bar:GomesdaCosta from:17/06/1926 till:09/07/1926 color:IND text:"Gomes da Costa" fontsize:10 bar:ÓscarCarmona from:09/07/1926 till:05/09/1932 color:IND from:05/09/1932 till:18/04/1951 color:UN/ANP text:"Carmona" fontsize:10 bar:OliveiraSalazar from:18/04/1951 till:21/07/1951 color:UN/ANP text:"Salazar (interim)" fontsize:10 bar:CraveiroLopes from:21/07/1951 till:09/08/1958 color:UN/ANP text:"Craveiro Lopes" fontsize:10 bar:AméricoTomás from:09/08/1958 till:25/04/1974 color:UN/ANP text:"Tomás" fontsize:10 bar:AntóniodeSpínola from:25/04/1974 till:30/09/1974 color:IND text:"Spínola" fontsize:10 bar:CostaGomes from:30/09/1974 till:13/07/1976 color:IND text:"Costa Gomes" fontsize:10 bar:RamalhoEanes from:13/07/1976 till:10/07/1985 color:IND from:10/07/1985 till:09/03/1986 color:PRD text:"Eanes" fontsize:10 bar:MárioSoares from:09/03/1986 till:09/03/1996 color:PS text:"Soares" fontsize:10 bar:JorgeSampaio from:09/03/1996 till:09/03/2006 color:PS text:"Sampaio" fontsize:10 bar:CavacoSilva from:09/03/2006 till:09/03/2016 color:PSD text:"Cavaco Silva" fontsize:10 bar:MarceloRebelodeSousa from:09/03/2016 till:end color:PSD text:"Rebelo de Sousa" fontsize:10 bar:Country textcolor:black fontsize:S at:05/10/1918 $centerpos2 text:"1st Republic" at:30/05/1929 $centerpos2 text:"Dictatorship" fontsize:xs at:05/07/1953 $centerpos2 text:"Estado Novo" at:25/04/1998 $centerpos2 text:"3rd Republic" at:05/10/1918 $centerpos1 text:"(1910–1926)" at:30/05/1929 $centerpos1 text:"(1926–1932)" fontsize:xs at:05/07/1953 $centerpos1 text:"(1932–1974)" at:25/04/1998 $centerpos1 text:"(1974–present)" </timeline> |
Birthplaces
Presidents by time in office
See also
- President of Portugal
- First Lady of Portugal
- List of heads of state of Portugal
- List of prime ministers of Portugal
- List of Portuguese monarchs
- Prime Minister of Portugal
- Politics of Portugal
- History of Portugal
- Timeline of Portuguese history