View source for National anthem of Austria

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{{Expand German|topic=cult|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox anthem
| title         = {{lang|de|italic=no|Bundeshymne der Republik Österreich}}
| alt_title     = {{lang|de|italic=no|Land der Berge, Land am Strome}}
| en_alt_title  = 'Land of the Peaks, Land by the Stream'
| english_title = National Anthem of the Republic of Austria
| image         = Land der Berge, Land am Strome.jpg
| caption       = Sheet music of the Austrian national anthem from 1947, citing [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] as the composer and utilizing the pre-2011 lyrics.
| prefix        = National
| country       = Austria
| composer      = [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] and/or {{ill|Johann Holzer|de}} (disputed)
| lyrics_date   = 1947 (modified in 2012)
| music_date    = 1791
| author        = [[Paula von Preradović]]
| adopted       = 1946 (as instrumental)<br />1947 (with lyrics)
| until         = 
| predecessor   = "{{lang|de|[[Sei gesegnet ohne Ende]]|italic=no}}" (as independent Austria)<br />"{{lang|de|[[Deutschlandlied]]|italic=no}}" and "{{lang|de|[[Horst-Wessel-Lied]]|italic=no}}" ([[Anschluss|as part of Germany]])
| sound         = Land der Berge Land am Strome instrumental.ogg
| sound_title   = [[U.S. Navy Band]] instrumental rendition in [[F major]]}}

The '''National Anthem of Austria''' ({{Langx|de-AT|Bundeshymne der Republik Österreich|lit=Federal Hymn of [the] Republic [of] Austria}}), also known by its [[incipit]] "'''{{lang|de|Land der Berge, Land am Strome|italic=no}}'''" ({{IPA|de|lant deːɐ̯ ˈbɛʁɡə lant ʔam ˈʃtʁoːmə|pron}}; 'Land of the Peaks, Land by the Stream'), was adopted without lyrics in 1946. The melody, which at that time was incorrectly attributed to [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]], was matched with a text by [[Paula von Preradović]] the following year.

The melody's origin is not definitively known, and over time several possible composers have been suggested; today it is usually attributed to either {{ill|Johann Holzer|de}} or [[Paul Wranitzky]].

==History==
Nineteen days before his death on 5 December 1791, [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] composed his last complete work, the ''Freimaurerkantate'', [[Köchel catalogue|K.&nbsp;]]623. In parts of the printed edition of this [[cantata]] there appeared the song K.&nbsp;623a "{{Lang|de|Lasst uns mit geschlungnen Händen|italic=no}}" ("Let us with joined hands"). To this melody the Austrian national anthem is sung. Today, Mozart's authorship is regarded as dubious and the song is attributed to {{ill|Johann Holzer|de}} (either solely or co-authored with Mozart)<ref>''Werke zweifelhafter Echtheit – Band 3 Orchesterwerke und Lieder'', [http://dme.mozarteum.at/DME/nma/nma_cont.php?vsep=222&gen=&l=1&p1=-6 vol. X/29/3, pp. xxxiii, xxxiv], ''[[Neue Mozart-Ausgabe]]'' {{in lang|de}}</ref> or [[Paul Wranitzky]].<ref>{{Cite web|first=Joachim|last=Diederichs|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324675460|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607153459/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324675460_Von_wem_stammt_die_melodie_der_osterreichischen_bundeshymne|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-06-07|access-date=7 June 2019|author-link=:de:Joachim Diederichs (Kunsthistoriker)|title=Von wem stammt die Melodie der österreichischen Bundeshymne?|language=de|trans-title=From whom is the melody of the Austrian national anthem?|work=[[Österreichische Musikzeitschrift]]|pages=79–82|date=2018|location=Vienna|publisher=Hollitzer Verlag|number=1}}, year 73</ref> 

Before the World War II [[Anschluss]], Austria's state anthem was "{{lang|de|[[Sei gesegnet ohne Ende]]|italic=no}}", set to the tune of [[Joseph Haydn|Haydn]]'s "{{lang|de|[[Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser]]|italic=no}}", the state anthem of imperial Austria since 1797. The current German national anthem "{{lang|de|[[Deutschlandlied]]|italic=no}}" uses the same tune, but with different words (it was also the co-national anthem of [[Nazi Germany|Germany during National Socialist rule]]). To avoid the association, and because singing it was banned for a time after the war, a new state anthem was created. The lyrics were written by [[Paula von Preradović]], one of the few women to have written lyrics for a national anthem.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nationalanthems.me/austria-land-der-berge-land-am-strome|title=Austria—Land der Berge, Land am Strome |publisher=NationalAnthems.me |access-date=2011-12-01 }}</ref> On 22 October 1946, the song was officially declared Austria's national anthem, albeit without words. Lyrics were added in February 1947. On 1 January 2012, parts of the lyrics were changed to make the composition gender-neutral.

===Attempts at gender-neutral language===
Since the 1990s, several attempts have been made to modify the lyrics to use more [[gender-neutral language]]. In 2005, Women's Minister [[Maria Rauch-Kallat]] of the [[Austrian People's Party]] (ÖVP) stated her objection to the words ''sons'', ''fraternal'' and ''fatherland'' in the lyrics and proposed changes.<ref name = kallat>{{cite news |title=Austrian national anthem 'sexist'|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4283434.stm |publisher=BBC News|date=26 September 2005|access-date=13 April 2008}}</ref> Her proposal met strong resistance by Austria's largest newspaper, the ''[[Kronen Zeitung]]'', and failed to gain support from the then coalition partner, the [[Alliance for the Future of Austria]] (BZÖ).

In January 2010, Austrian pop singer [[Christina Stürmer]] presented a [[pop rock]] version of the hymn "Heimat bist du großer Söhne {{em|und Töchter}}" ('Thou art home to great sons {{em|and daughters}}')<ref>{{YouTube|id=dUG5n8-JUqw|title=Bildungshymne}}</ref><ref>Entscheidung des OGH 4 Ob 171/10s vom 15. Dezember 2010. Fundstelle JBl 2011,313 = MR 2011,79 (Walter) = ÖBl-LS 2011/44 = ÖBl-LS 2011/45 – Bundeshymne II/Rock me Paula.</ref> as part of a campaign by the Austrian federal ministry of education. She was sued for violation of copyright by the estate of [[Paula von Preradović]] but subsequently cleared by the [[Supreme Court of Justice (Austria)|Austrian Supreme Court of Justice]]<ref>[https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokument.wxe?Abfrage=Justiz&Dokumentnummer=JJT_20101215_OGH0002_0040OB00171_10S0000_000 Decision] "Bundeshymne II/Rock me Paula", [[Supreme Court of Justice (Austria)]] (4Ob171/10s, 15 December 2010) {{in lang|de}}</ref> who called it "a mere modernisation" and allowed the version to stand.

Since 1 January 2012, a few words in the state anthem are different from before. The text and notes of the state anthem were officially codified in the Federal Act of the National Anthem of the Republic of Austria.<ref>[https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/eli/bgbl/I/2011/127/20111227 Bundesgesetzblatt I Nr. 127/2011], 27 December 2011 {{in lang|de}}</ref>

==Lyrics==
Only the first verse is considered official and performed during official events.

<div style="overflow-x:auto;">
{| cellpadding="6"
!German original<ref>[https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblAuth/BGBLA_2011_I_127/BGBLA_2011_I_127.html Bundesgesetzblatt I Nr. 127/2011], 27 December 2011, text and melody (in German)</ref>
!IPA transcription{{efn|See [[Help:IPA/German]], [[German phonology]] and [[Austrian German]].}}
!English translation{{cn|date=July 2021}}
|- style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;"
|<poem>{{lang|de|italic=no|'''Land der Berge, Land am Strome,'''
'''Land der Äcker, Land der Dome,'''
'''Land der Hämmer, zukunftsreich!'''
'''Heimat großer Töchter und Söhne,'''{{efn|name=Heimat|Pre-2012: {{lang|de|Heimat bist du großer Söhne}} ('Thou art home to great sons').}}
'''Volk, begnadet für das Schöne,'''
'''𝄆 Vielgerühmtes Österreich! 𝄇'''

Heiß umfehdet, wild umstritten,
Liegst dem Erdteil du inmitten
Einem starken Herzen gleich.
Hast seit frühen Ahnentagen
Hoher Sendung Last getragen,
𝄆 Vielgeprüftes Österreich. 𝄇

Mutig in die neuen Zeiten,
Frei und gläubig sieh uns schreiten,
Arbeitsfroh und hoffnungsreich.
Einig laß in Jubelchören,{{efn|name=Einig|Pre-2012: {{lang|de|Einig laß in Brüderchören}} ('Let's sing together in congregation').}}
Vaterland, dir Treue schwören.
𝄆 Vielgeliebtes Österreich. 𝄇}}</poem>
|<poem>'''[ˈlant dɛɐ ˈbɛɐ.gə lant am ˈʃtroː.mə {{pipe}}]'''
'''[lant dɛɐ ˈɛ.kɐ lant dɛɐ ˈdoː.mə ‖]'''
'''[lant dɛɐ ˈhɛ.mɐ ˈt͡suː.kʊɱft͡s.ˌraɪç {{pipe}}]'''
'''[ˈhaɪ.mat ˈgroː.sɐ ˈtœx.tɐ ʊnt zøː.nə ‖]'''
'''[fɔlk bə.ˈgnaː.dət fyːɐ das ˈʃøː.nə {{pipe}}]'''
'''𝄆 [ˈfiːl.gə.ˌryːm.təs ˈøː.stɐ.ˌraɪç ‖] 𝄇'''

[haɪs ʊɱ.ˈfeː.dət vɪlt ʊm.ˈstriː.tn̩ {{pipe}}]
[ˈliːkst deːm ˈeːɐ.taɪl dʊ ˈiːn.mɪ.tn̩ ‖]
[ˈaɪ.nəm ˈʃtar.kn̩ ˈhɛɐ.t͡sn̩ ˈglaɪç {{pipe}}]
[hast zaɪt ˈfryː.ən ˈaː.nən.ˌtaː.gən ‖]
[ˈhoː.ɛɐ ˈzɛn.dʊŋ last gə.ˈtraː.gən {{pipe}}]
𝄆 [ˈfiːl.gə.ˌpryːf.təs ˈøː.stɐ.ˌraɪç ‖] 𝄇

[ˈmuː.tɪk iːn diː ˈnoʏ.ən ˈt͡saɪ.tn̩ {{pipe}}]
[fraɪ ʊnt ˈgloʏ.bɪk siː ʊns ˈʃraɪ.tn̩ ‖]
[ˈar.baɪt͡s.ˌfroː ʊnt ˈhɔf.nʊŋs.ˌraɪç {{pipe}}]
[ˈaɪ.nɪk las iːn ˈjuː.bəl.ˌkøː.rən ‖]
[ˈfaː.tɐ.ˌlant diːɐ ˈtroʏ.ə ˈʃvøː.rən {{pipe}}]
𝄆 [ˈfiːl.gə.ˌliːp.təs ˈøː.stɐ.ˌraɪç ‖] 𝄇</poem>
|<poem>'''Land of mountains, land on the river,'''
'''Land of fields, land of cathedrals,'''
'''Land of hammers, rich in the future!'''
'''Home of great daughters and sons,'''{{efn|name=Heimat}}
'''People gifted for beauty,'''
'''𝄆 Much-praised Austria! 𝄇'''

Hotly contested, fiercely disputed,
You lie at the heart of the continent
Like a strong heart.
Since early ancestral days,
You have borne the burden of a noble mission,
𝄆 Much-tested Austria. 𝄇

Courageously into the new times,
Free and faithful, see us stride,
Joyful to work and full of hope.
United in jubilant choirs,{{efn|name=Einig}}
Fatherland, let us swear allegiance to you.
𝄆 Much-beloved Austria! 𝄇</poem>
|}</div>

===Slovene verse===
A [[Slovene-language]] version of the third verse was written for the [[Carinthian Slovenes]] of [[Carinthia]]. It was translated from the pre-2012 German version of the third verse.<ref>Vgl. „Land der Berge, Land am Strome“ in der slowenischsprachigen Wikipedia: „Uradni prevod tretje kitice, ki ga pojejo na Koroškem“ (deutsch: „Offizielle Übersetzung der dritten Strophe, die in Kärnten gesungen wird“). Vgl. auch Peter Diem in Austria-Lexikon, der jedoch fälschlich angibt, es handle sich um die erste Strophe.</ref>

:Hrabro v novi čas stopimo,
:prosto, verno, glej, hodimo;
:upa polni, delavni.
:Bratski zbor prisega hkrati,
:domovini zvestobo dati.
:𝄆 Ljubljena nam Avstrija. 𝄇

==Music==
<score sound="1">
<<
  \new Voice="melody" \relative c'' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"choir aahs" \tempo 4 = 78
    \autoBeamOff
    \override Score.BarNumber #'transparent = ##t
    %\voiceOne
    \language "deutsch"
    \key f \major
    \time 3/4
    % \override FirstVoice.DynamicText.direction = #UP
    c2^\f b4 a2 b8 [( c )]
    d2 c4 c8 [( b )] b4 r
    b2 a4 g2 a8 [( b )]
    c2 b4 b8 [( a )] a4 r
    h2 c4 d2 e4 f ( d ) h c2 r4
    g2^\p a4 c ( b ) g a2 d8 b a4 g r
    g2 a4 c ( b ) g a2 d8 [( b )] a4 g r
    b2^\f a4 d2 c4 c8 [ ( b ] a4 ) g a2 r4
    d2^\ff c4 e2 f8 [( c )] c [ ( b ] a4 ) g f2 r4
  }
  \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
  Land der Ber -- ge, Land am Stro -- me,
  Land der Ä -- cker, Land der Do -- me,
  Land der Häm -- mer, zu -- kunfts -- reich!
  Hei -- mat gro -- ßer
  \set ignoreMelismata = ##t
  Töch -- ter und Söh -- ne,
  \unset ignoreMelismata
  Volk, be -- gna -- det für das Schö -- ne:
  viel -- ge -- rühm -- tes Ös -- ter -- reich.
  Viel -- ge -- rühm -- tes Ös -- ter -- reich.
  }
>>
</score>

==Parodies==
===Otto and Fritz Molden===
The same evening after von Preradović learned that her lyrics were chosen for the national anthem, her sons [[Otto Molden|Otto]] and {{ill|Fritz Molden|de}} composed a satirical version of them.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Fepolinski und Waschlapski auf dem berstenden Stern. Bericht einer unruhigen Jugend.|url=https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&q=isbn:3900436428|trans-title=Fepolinsky and Waschlapski on a bursting star. Report of a troubled youth.|language=de|publisher=Ibera & Molden|location=Vienna|year=1997|isbn=3-900436-42-8}}</ref>
<poem style="float:left;">{{lang|de|italic=no|Land der Erbsen, Land der Bohnen,
Land der vier Besatzungszonen,
Wir verkaufen dich im Schleich!
Und droben überm Hermannskogel
Flattert froh der Bundesvogel.
Vielgeliebtes Österreich!}}</poem>
<poem style="margin-left:1em; float:left;">Land of the peas, land of the beans,
Land of the four [[Allied-occupied Austria|zones of occupation]],
we sell thee on the [[black market]]!
And up there over the [[Hermannskogel]]
gladly the [[Coat of arms of Austria|federal bird]] flutters.
Much beloved Austria!</poem>{{Clear|left}}

According to media researcher {{ill|Peter Diem|de}}, the first two of these lines were popular in the schools of Vienna in 1955.<ref name="Land der Berge, Land am Strome">{{Austriaforum|Wissenssammlungen/Symbole/Bundeshymne|Land der Berge, Land am Strome...}} by Peter Diem</ref>

===Drahdiwaberl===
In 1979, the music group {{ill|Drahdiwaberl|de}} released their parody of "Land der Berge, Land am Strone", titled "Kaiserhymne / Pink Punk Shirt". The following text is modeled after von Preradović's lyrics and sung to the same tune.{{cn|date=October 2024}}

<poem style="float:left;">{{lang|de|italic=no|Land der Äcker, Land der Dome
Land am Strom ohne Atome,
Land der Titel und Diplome

Heimat bist du großer Söhne
Heimat bist du großer Töchter
Zusatzvers der Frauenrechtler

Land der unmöglich begrenzten,
Land der Berg’, der allerschensten,
Land der Seen und Lipizzaner,
Der Prohaskas und des Klammer

Land der Krone, Land des Staberl
Land der Gruppe Drahdiwaberl.}}</poem>
<poem style="margin-left:1em; float:left;">Land of the fields, land of holy place
Land on the river without atoms,
Land of titles and diplomas

Home thou art of great sons
Home thou art of great daughters
Additional verse from feminists

Land of the impossibly limited,
Land of the peaks, the most beautiful,
Land of lakes and the Lipizzans,
The Prohaskas and the Klammer

Land of the crown, land of the Staberl
Land of the Drahdiwaberl group.</poem>{{Clear|left}}

===Rotzpipn===
In 2012, the Viennese band Rotzpipn won the 9th protest song contest with their "Hymne 2.0". The jury included [[Ernst Molden]], grandson of Paula von Preradović, who gave the group the highest score.{{cn|date=October 2024}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Wikisourcelang|de|Land der Berge, Land am Strome}}
*{{Commons category-inline|National anthem of the Republic of Austria}}
*{{NMA|222|77|222|93|{{noitalic|"Lasst uns mit geschlungnen Händen"}}}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091125233241/http://austria.gv.at/site/5131/default.aspx Bundeshymne] at Chancellery, Austrian Federal Government
* [http://nationalanthems.me/austria-land-der-berge-land-am-strome/ "Land der Berge, Land am Strome" – audio, lyrics and information] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20180526045051/http://nationalanthems.me/austria-land-der-berge-land-am-strome/ archive link])
* [http://users.atw.hu/szbszig/austria.mp3 Vocal version]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030403152827/http://peter-diem.at/hymne.mp3 Instrumental version]
{{Austria topics}}
{{Anthems of Europe}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:1947 songs]]
[[Category:Austrian songs]]
[[Category:European anthems|Austria]]
[[Category:National symbols of Austria]]
[[Category:Songs in German|Austria]]
[[Category:Songs about Austria]]
[[Category:Mozart: spurious and doubtful works]]
[[Category:Compositions in E-flat major]]
[[Category:Compositions in F major]]