View source for Patria Pasi

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

{{Infobox weapon
| name               = Pasi (Sisu/Patria XA series)
| image              = Norwegian Sisu XA.JPG
| image_size         = 300
| caption            = A Norwegian XA-185
| origin             = [[Finland]]
| type               = 6×6 [[Amphibious vehicle|amphibious]] [[armoured personnel carrier]]
<!-- Type selection -->| is_vehicle         = yes
<!-- Service history -->| service            = 1984–present
| used_by            = 
| wars               = [[Mali War]]<br>[[Russo-Ukrainian War]]<br>[[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]]
| designer           = [[Sisu Auto|Sisu-Auto]]
| design_date        = 
| manufacturer       = Sisu-Auto (1984–1997)<br />[[Patria (company)|Patria]] (1997–2003)
| unit_cost          = 
| production_date    = 1984–2003
| number             = 1,300 (estimate)
| variants           = <!-- General specifications -->
| spec_label         = XA-180
| weight             = {{convert|13.5|t}}
| length             = {{convert|7.35|m|abbr=on}}
| part_length        = 
| width              = {{convert|2.9|m|abbr=on}}
| height             = {{convert|2.77|m|abbr=on}}
| diameter           = 
| crew               = 2 (+16 passengers)
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->| armour             = 6–12 mm
| primary_armament   = 12.7&nbsp;mm [[NSV (machine gun)|NSV]] or [[M2 browning]] machine gun
| secondary_armament = 
| engine             = XA-180: [[Valmet]] 611 DSBJA [[diesel engine|diesel]]<br />XA-200: Valmet 612 DWIBIC (EURO 2), 6 in-line cylinders, turbo-charged, intercooled diesel
| engine_power       = XA-180: 236 hp (176 kW)<br />XA-200; 271 hp (202 kW) at 2100 rpm, max torque 1080 Nm at 1600 rpm
| transmission       = 
| payload_capacity   = 
| fuel_capacity      = 
| pw_ratio           = 17.48 hp/tonne
| suspension         = Parabolic leaf-springs with hydraulic shock absorbers
| clearance          = 
| vehicle_range      = 850 km
| speed              = ~105 km/h on land<br />9 km/h in water (XA-180/185)
| guidance           = 
}}

The '''Patria Pasi''' (earlier known as the '''Sisu Pasi''') is a Finnish-made six-wheeled [[armoured personnel carrier]] (APC) originally designed for [[Finnish Defence Forces]]. The first variant was produced in 1983, and serial production began in 1984. It was designed to operate with ease of use, simple structure and low-cost maintenance. The basic appearance and configuration of the Pasi is similar to most other wheeled APCs. The XA-180 and XA-185 are fully [[Amphibious vehicle|amphibious]], while other variants are not.

==Development==
{{refimprove section|date=January 2013}}
In 1980, [[Sisu Auto|Sisu]] produced an XA-180 prototype for [[Finnish Army]] tests. It competed against two other prototypes and was declared the winner of the trials in 1983. In December 1983, the Finnish Army ordered a first batch of fifty XA-180s. Nine were reserved for UN duties. The vehicle proved quite successful and more orders followed.

The vehicle's widely known nickname "Pasi", also a common given name of Finnish men, stems from the Finnish designation "panssari-Sisu" ({{langx|en|armoured Sisu}}). The main superstructure is mainly manufactured from 6 to 12&nbsp;mm of [[Rolled homogeneous armour|armoured steel]]. The bottom is [[land mine|mine]]-strengthened. The front windows are bullet-resistant and equipped with protective hatches. The vehicle has continuous six-wheel drive and good capabilities for off-road driving. It can take inclines up to a maximum of 60°.

The Pasi has no standard armament, but is equipped with a rotating turret structure for eventual installations of light/heavy [[machine gun]]s or [[autocannon]]s. It has 8 [[BMP-1|BMP]]-style firing ports on the sides and rear. Therefore, passengers, usually a squad of infantry, can fire their weapons from the cover of the armor.

The Pasi is popular in [[peacekeeping]] missions due to its mobility, non-aggressive appearance, and good protection against mines and [[improvised explosive device]]s (IED). The vehicle offers a good combination of armament, comfort, mine protection, protection against shrapnel and small-calibre fire, road speed, short time of learning how to drive, and an acceptable terrain mobility. It offers more internal space compared to other similar APCs like the [[TPz Fuchs|Fuchs]] or the [[BTR-80]].

The early variants of the Pasi (such as the XA-180 and XA-185) were manufactured by [[Sisu Auto]] until 1997, when its defense subsidiary ''Sisu Defence Oy'' was acquired by [[Patria (company)|Patria]].<ref>http://www.armyrecognition.com/finland_finnish_army_wheeled_armoured_vehicle_uk/xa-188_sisu_patria_wheeled_armoured_vehicle_technical_data_sheet_specifications_description_uk.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141116061424/http://www.armyrecognition.com/finland_finnish_army_wheeled_armoured_vehicle_uk/xa-188_sisu_patria_wheeled_armoured_vehicle_technical_data_sheet_specifications_description_uk.html |date=16 November 2014 }} Profile of the XA-188</ref> The later variants (such as the XA-202 and XA-203) were then manufactured by Patria until 2003, when the then new [[Patria AMV]] entered serial production.<ref>{{cite web |title=Agility on the street and off road |url=https://www.patriagroup.com/newsroom/patria-magazine/case/agility-on-the-street-and-off-road |publisher=Patria |date=17 June 2015 |quote=Production of the six-wheeled Pasi was discontinued in 2003 when the new 8x8 Patria AMV entered serial production, but the faithful Pasi will continue to serve for decades to come.}}</ref> By then, over 1,300 Pasis had been produced.

==Operational service==
The Pasi has seen service in several conflict areas, including [[Afghanistan]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia]], [[Croatia]], [[Eritrea]], [[Golan Heights]], [[Iraq]], [[Kosovo]], [[Lebanon]], [[Macedonia (country)|Macedonia]], [[Namibia]], [[Liberia]], [[Somalia]] and [[Chad]].

The Pasi has been used by the [[Police of Finland|Finnish police]] in sieges and SWAT operations.

In 2008, Finland deployed two Sisu Pasi as part of the response to the 2008 [[Kauhajoki school shooting]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2008-09-23 |title=Gunman Kills 10 in Attack at a School in Finland (Published 2008) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/24/world/europe/24finland.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230624030628/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/24/world/europe/24finland.html |archive-date=2023-06-24 |access-date=2025-09-30 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2018, Estonia deployed five XA-188s to Mali as part of Estonia's contribution to [[Operation Barkhane]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.err.ee/849604/estonian-infantry-unit-to-deploy-to-mali-in-august|title = Estonian infantry unit to deploy to Mali in August|date = 27 July 2018}}</ref>

In 2022, Finland reportedly donated an unknown number of XA-180/185s to Ukraine as part of a military and humanitarian aid package following the escalations of the ongoing [[Russo-Ukrainian War]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://defence-blog.com/finnish-made-armored-vehicles-spotted-in-ukraine/|title = Finnish made armorued vehicles spotted in Ukraine|date = 28 September 2022}}</ref> At least ten have been lost in combat.<ref name=":1" />


==Versions==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:FDF SISU XA-185 Ambulance.jpeg|thumb|right|An Finnish XA-185 field ambulance vehicle.]] -->

;Sisu XA-180: Original six-wheeler, carries crew of 2 and 16 troops. Empty weight ca. 12 tonnes.
;Sisu XA-185: Upgraded version, carries crew of 2 and 18 troops. Has a more powerful engine and improved power transmission. Used as an ambulance in the [[Norwegian Army]].
;Patria XA-186:Upgraded armour. Armoured and equipped with machine-assisted gun turret ([[.50 BMG]]). Cannot swim because of the heavy armour. Empty weight ca 19 tonnes. Engine and transmission same as XA-185.
;Patria XA-188:Used by the [[Royal Netherlands Army]].<ref>http://www.armyrecognition.com/finland_finnish_army_wheeled_armoured_vehicle_uk/xa-188_sisu_patria_wheeled_armoured_vehicle_technical_data_sheet_specifications_description_uk.html Profile of the XA-188</ref>
;Patria XA-202/203: The 200 series looks a little different from earlier variants due to increased armour. It lacks amphibious capabilities but can wade through water that is up to 1.5 m deep. The improved armour protects the passengers against up to [[14.5 x 114 mm|14.5 mm]] small-arms fire. It is equipped with modern optical aids like periscopes and night vision. The armor upgrade was initiated after the realisation that the previous armor was inadequate, even modern armor-piercing [[7.62 x 54 mm R|7.62 mm]] ammunition could pierce the older XA-180 and XA-185 models in certain areas. The XA-202 was originally developed for Communications and Command. The XA-203 variant was made as a temporary replacement for the earliest XA-185s.

In addition to standard variants, there are numerous sub-versions for specific missions, e.g. ambulance, command & communications, electronic warfare, air defence, radar surveillance, firefighting and anti-tank variants among others.

==Operators==
<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->

[[File:Pasi operators.png|thumb|400px|A map of Pasi operators in blue, with former operators in red]]
[[File:XA-180EST in Afghanistan.jpg|thumb|right|An [[Estonia]]n XA-180 in [[Afghanistan]]]]
[[File:Lippujuhlan päivän 2017 paraati 095 Pasi Ps 921-5.JPG|thumb|right|A Finnish XA-202]]
[[File:Pansarterrängbil 203 Revinge 2012-1.jpg|thumb|right|A Swedish XA-203 of [[South Scanian Regiment]] (P 7), [[Scania]], Sweden]]
[[File:Dutch 6x6 armored vehicle in Afghanistan.jpg|thumb|right|A Dutch XA-188 in Afghanistan]]

There are five original customers of the Pasi: Estonia, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden, while a large number have been leased to other military forces of the world.

===Current operators===
*{{EST}}: [[Estonian Army]]
**[[XA-180 (EST)|XA-180EST]], modernized variant of the XA-180
** In 2010, Estonia purchased an additional 81 units of XA-188 from the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.err.ee/109095/press-gets-glimpse-of-new-armored-personnel-carriers|title=Press Gets Glimpse of New Armored Personnel Carriers|date=24 November 2010 |access-date=11 August 2022}}</ref>
*{{FIN}}: [[Finnish Army]], [[Finnish Navy]], [[Finnish Air Force]], [[Law enforcement in Finland|Finnish Police]]. 425 XA-180s and 185s, 148 XA-200s
**XA-180, most upgraded to 185 specs, and configured with special communications equipment
**XA-181 built for [[Crotale (missile)|Crotale NG]] independent air defence unit
**XA-182, equipped with Jantronic J-1000/[[Giraffe radar|Giraffe Mk IV]] radar
**XA-185, the most common version, most of the Finnish vehicles are armed with a 12.7&nbsp;mm [[NSV (machine gun)|NSV]] machine gun. One prototype equipped with the [[BGM-71 TOW]] anti-tank missile system.
**XA-202 command and signals vehicle, configured with special communications equipment
Also the following versions exist:
*
**VIPA (ViestiPasi, communication vehicle using the YVI-2, Yhtymän Viestijärjestelmä, "brigade and corps level communication system")
****ELSO (ELektroninen SOdankäynti, ELINT, electronic warfare) sub-version of VIPA.
***EPA (EsikuntaPAsi, brigade command post vehicle)
***KOPA (KOmentoPAsi, battalion command post vehicle)
***SUTI (SUojeluTIedustelu), NBC reconnaissance vehicle
***TUPA (TUlenjohtoPAsi, fire observer and artillery command post vehicle)
**XA-203, the last generation APC replacing the oldest vehicles of the XA-185 series, except for regular APCs and ambulances,
***Ambulance
**Units used by the Finnish police are on loan from the Finnish military to [[Karhu-ryhmä|police special unit]] and used in extreme situations.
*{{GHA}}: In UN service.
*{{NOR}}: [[Norwegian Army]]. 75 vehicles.
**XA-185, in service with several units primarily in the ambulance configuration.
**XA-186, in service with the [[Hans Majestet Kongens Garde|HMKG]] and Basesett 1 located at [[Ørland Main Air Station]]. In 1994–1996, 22 wagons of the XA-186 model were manufactured in Norway. Of these, 18 were crew cars, two control cars, one ambulance and one repair vehicle. Norway is the only operator of the XA-186 worldwide.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fma.no/aktuelt-og-media/2020/mye-gjenbruk-i-gardens-oppgraderte-ledelsesvogner | title=Mye gjenbruk i Gardens oppgraderte ledelsesvogner|website=fma.no | date=16 May 2023}}</ref>
**XA-203N, formerly in service with the [[Norwegian Army 2nd Battalion|2nd Battalion]]. 30 vehicles converted to MRSP (ambulance configuration) after 2017.
*{{RUS}}: [[Russian Armed Forces]]. 1 captured from Ukrainian Army<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Oryx |title=Attack On Europe: Documenting Ukrainian Equipment Losses During The Russian Invasion Of Ukraine |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/02/attack-on-europe-documenting-ukrainian.html |access-date=2025-08-10 |website=Oryx}}</ref>
*{{SWE}}: [[Swedish Army]]. ~200 vehicles in total.
**''Pansarterrängbil'' XA-180/XA-185, XA-180(/185) armed with 12,7x99mm HMG. 70 vehicles delivered from 1988, mainly in UN service.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.soldf.com/patgbxa180.html |title=Pansarterrängbil 180 (Patgb180) - Sisu |access-date=26 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924103605/http://www.soldf.com/patgbxa180.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
**''Pansarterrängbil 202'', XA-202S as command and control vehicles, Swedish special variant{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}
**''Pansarterrängbil 203A'', XA-203 equipped with the turret from [[Pansarbandvagn 302]] APC's, armed with a 20&nbsp;mm gun, in 7 configurations like ambulance (unarmed), AT-missile, CBRN-detection, field repairs and so forth.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.soldf.com/patgb203.html |title=Pansarterrängbil 203 (Patgb203) - Patria |access-date=26 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924103604/http://www.soldf.com/patgb203.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
**''Pansarterrängbil 203B'', the turret is replaced with the weapon-station [[Protector (RWS)#PROTECTOR Nordic|Protector ''Nordic'']].
*{{UKR}}: [[Ukrainian Army]]. Unknown number of vehicles donated during the [[Russo-Ukrainian war]].<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1570344171361210368|user=UAWeapons|title=#Ukraine: Another previously unseen donation to the Ukrainian Army has appeared- several Sisu XA-180/185 amphibious…|date=15 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oryx |title=Answering The Call: Heavy Weaponry Supplied To Ukraine |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/04/answering-call-heavy-weaponry-supplied.html |access-date=2022-09-17 |website=Oryx}}</ref> As of November 2025 it has been visually confirmed that 16 units have been destroyed, 5 abandoned and 2 captured by Russian forces.<ref name=":1" />
*{{flag|UN}}: A large number of Sisu XA-180 vehicles are used by [[UNIFIL]] forces in southern [[Lebanon]].

===Former operators===
*{{flag|Austria}}: [[Austrian Federal Army|Austrian Army]], in [[United Nations Disengagement Observer Force|UNDOF]] service.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.doppeladler.com/oebh/undof.htm|title=Die Fahrzeuge der UNDOF|access-date=15 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923220034/http://www.doppeladler.com/oebh/undof.htm|archive-date=23 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{DEN}}: The [[Danish Army]] leased eleven XA-185s, including ambulance versions, for use with UN troops, 4 were used in Bosnia, 4 in Kosovo, 3 for training purpose in Denmark.<ref name="SIPRI">{{cite web|url=http://armstrade.sipri.org/arms_trade/trade_register.php|title=SIPRI Arms Transfers Database|access-date=15 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805014045/http://armstrade.sipri.org/arms_trade/trade_register.php|archive-date=5 August 2009|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=News on Army vehicle procurements - Danish Army Vehicles Homepage |url=http://www.armyvehicles.dk/procure.htm#APV |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=www.armyvehicles.dk}}</ref>
*{{IRL}}: The [[Irish Army]] had two XA-180s, formerly as training vehicles for soldiers preparing for service in South Lebanon. Retired in 2012.
*{{NLD}}: The [[Royal Netherlands Army|Dutch Army]] and [[Netherlands Marine Corps]] purchased 90 XA-188s, 81 of which were later sold to Estonia.
**XA-188 GVV (early 200-series variant) Used by army and marines, equipped with [[GPS]] and satcom, armament MG or .50cal
**XA-188 GWT Ambulance

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="180px">
File:Pasi_Ps_675-327_Merivoimien_vuosipäivä_2014_02.JPG|A Finnish Army XA-180
File:Pasi_XA-180M_Kokonaisturvallisuus_2015_03_interior.JPG|The interior of a Finnish Army XA-180M
File:Erikoissammutusyksikkö_SM_15_1.JPG|A firefighting variant used by the Finnish Defence Forces
File:Lippujuhlanpäivän_paraati_2012_12.JPG|A Finnish Army XA-185 equipped with a 12.7 mm [[NSV machine gun]]
File:Sisu_Patria_XA-188_GVV_photo-001.JPG|A Royal Netherlands Army XA-188 ambulance transport vehicle
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Patria Pasi variants]]
*{{lwc|Patria AMV}}
*{{lwc|Patria 6×6}}
*{{lwc|Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé}}
*{{lwc|WZ-551}}
*{{lwc|TPz Fuchs}}
*[[List of AFVs]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|SISU/Patria XA-series}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080509022336/http://www.danskpanser.dk/Hjulkoretojer/PatriaXA185.htm Danish army XA-185]

{{Patria (company)}}
{{Sisu Auto}}
{{Modern IFV and APC}}
{{ColdWarSwedishAFVs}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sisu vehicles]]
[[Category:Wheeled armoured personnel carriers]]
[[Category:Post–Cold War military vehicles of Finland]]
[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1983]]
[[Category:Six-wheeled vehicles]]
[[Category:Wheeled amphibious armoured fighting vehicles]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 1980s]]
[[Category:Amphibious armoured personnel carriers]]
[[Category:Armoured personnel carriers of Finland]]
[[Category:Patria (company)|Pasi]]