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{{Short description|Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Posavina Canton
| native_name            = Posavski kanton{{Clear}}Županija Posavska{{Clear}}Посавски кантон
| common_name            = Canton 10
| status                 = [[Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
| image_flag             = Flag of Posavina.svg
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Posavina.svg
| image_map              = Posavina in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg
| capital                = [[Orašje]]
| latd                   = 
| latm                   = 
| latNS                  = 
| longd                  = 
| longm                  = 
| longEW                 = <!--capital's latitude and longitude in degrees/minutes/direction-->
| largest_city           = [[Odžak]]
| official_languages     = [[Croatian language|Croatian]] and [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]]
| ethnic_groups          = 77.32% [[Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Croats]]<br>19% [[Bosniaks]]<br>1.91% [[Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Serbs]]<br>1.77% others
| ethnic_groups_year     = 2013<ref>{{cite book|title=Sarajevo, juni 2016. CENZUS OF POPULATION, HOUSEHOLDS AND DWELLINGS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, 2013 FINAL RESULTS|publisher=BHAS|url=http://www.popis2013.ba/popis2013/doc/Popis2013prvoIzdanje.pdf|access-date=30 June 2016}}</ref>
| religion               = <!--Religion-->
| demonym                = Posavinian
| government_type        = [[Parliamentary system]]
| leader_title1          = [[List of heads of the Posavina Canton|Premier]]
| leader_name1           = [[Đuro Topić]] ([[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BiH]])
| legislature            = Assembly of the Posavina Canton
| leader_title2          = President of Assembly
| leader_name2           = Blaž Župarić ([[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BiH]])
| sovereignty_type       = [[Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
| sovereignty_note       = 
| established_event1     = Establishment
| established_date1      = 12 June 1996
| established_event2     = <!--Second key event-->
| established_date2      = <!--Date of second key event-->
| area_rank              = 
| area_km2               = 330.85
| percent_water          = 
| population_census      = 43,453
| population_census_year = 2013
| population_density_km2 = 131.33
| population_density_sq_mi = 340.16
| GDP_PPP                = <!--(Gross Domestic Product from Purchasing Power Parity)-->
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2022
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = [[US Dollar|USD]] 15.990
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 
| GDP_nominal            = [[US Dollar|USD]] 188.404 million
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2022
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = [[US Dollar|USD]] 6.037
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 
| Gini                   = <!--(Gini measure of income inequality; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 100)-->
| Gini_ref               = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with Gini number)-->
| Gini_rank              = 
| Gini_year              = 
| HDI_year               = 2019
| HDI                    = 0.747
| HDI_change             = <!--increase/decrease/steady; rank change from previous year-->
| HDI_rank               = 
| HDI_ref                = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)-->
| currency               = [[Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark|BAM]]
| currency_code          = <!--ISO 4217 code/s for currency/ies (each usually three capital letters)-->
| time_zone              = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset             = +1
| time_zone_DST          = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST         = +2
| date_format            = dd-mm-yyy
| drives_on              = right
}}

[[File:Bih cantons en.png|thumb|250px|right|Cantons of the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]].]]
The '''Posavina Canton''' ({{langx|hr|Županija Posavska}}; [[Serbian language|Serbian]] and {{langx|bs|Posavski kanton}}; {{lang-cyrl|Посавски кантон}}) is a [[federated state]] and one of ten [[cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. It is the smallest canton with an area of only {{convert|330.85|km2|0|abbr=on}}. The canton is an exclave of [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]], being bordered by [[Republika Srpska]] and [[Brčko District]] to the south and the river [[Sava]] and [[Croatia]] to the north. Its capital is [[Orašje]] and the largest town is [[Odžak]].

== History ==
The Posavina area was inhabited since prehistoric times, as evidenced by various archaeological finds of coins and other artifacts. After the 1718 [[Treaty of Passarowitz]] between the [[Ottoman Empire]] and [[Habsburg monarchy]], mostly Catholic families from mountain villages were displaced across the plains, as the Turks themselves settled in the hills and valleys. The Croats from [[Županja]], [[Babina Greda]] and [[Štitar, Croatia|Štitar]] moved to the villages of [[Kopanice]], [[Vidovice]], [[Tolisa, Orašje|Tolisa]] and [[Domaljevac]].

The current municipalities of [[Derventa]] and [[Brod, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosanski Brod]] were settled by people from [[Herzegovina]] between the years 1735 and 1782, and once again in a minor wave in 1820. Since 1697, approximately 20,000 Catholics emigrated from the area. Most of the people emigrated to the municipalities of [[Modriča]], [[Gradačac]], [[Orašje]], [[Šamac, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosanski Šamac]] and [[Brčko]] from [[Mostar]], [[Posušje]], [[Gornji Vakuf-Uskoplje|Uskoplje]], [[Bugojno]], [[Livno]] and [[Tomislavgrad|Duvno]].

Before the [[Bosnian War]], the present-day municipalities of [[Donji Žabar]] and [[Vukosavlje]] belonged to [[Odžak]] and [[Orašje]], while the present-day municipality of [[Domaljevac-Šamac]] belonged to [[Šamac, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosanski Šamac]]. The history of today's canton began on 18 March 1994 with the signing of the [[Washington Agreement (1994)|Washington Agreement]]. Posavina Canton was officially established on 12 June 1996 as one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, one of the 3 Croat-majority cantons.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jahn|first=Egbert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y77fCgAAQBAJ&dq=Posavina+canton+croats&pg=PA61|title=International Politics: Political Issues Under Debate - Vol. 1|date=2015-11-03|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-662-47685-7|language=en}}</ref>

==Geography==
The canton lies near the border with [[Croatia]] and near the river [[Sava]] which forms a natural border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. The canton consist of two unconnected exclaves: the western one consisting of Odžak municipality and the eastern one consisting of Orašje and Domaljevac-Šamac municipalities.

[[Posavina]] is a region which includes other parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and parts of Croatia. Because of that, this canton is sometimes called Bosanska Posavina (Bosnian Posavina) and is the only part of northern Bosnia near the border with Croatia that lies in the Federation. The rest of northern Bosnia near the river Sava and near the border is the [[Brčko District]] and the [[Republika Srpska]]. The Brčko district divides Republika Srpska into two parts.

The Posavina canton's position near the Sava river makes it a good place for agriculture because it is a flat lowland and there are no mountains in the area. It is like this in the entire northern border with Croatia, with a great deal of farming and agriculture. The river Sava is a river that flows through Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. In Bosnia and Herzegovina it flows through the northern border and makes a natural border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia.

Posavina means literally along Sava in the Bosnian language. The river Sava is the largest navigable river in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Much of the food in both Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia comes from this region, not only Bosnian Posavina but the rest of the fertile fields along the river Sava.

===Municipalities===
The canton consists of the municipalities of [[Domaljevac-Šamac]], [[Odžak]], and [[Orašje]].

== Demographics ==

=== 1991 Census ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
! rowspan="2" | Municipality
! colspan="8" | Nationality
! rowspan="2" | Total
|-
! Croats
! %
! Serbs
! %
! Bosniaks
! %
! Other
! %
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Odžak]]
| 16,338 || 54.36
| 5,667  || 18.85
| 6,220  || 20.69
| 1,831  || 6.09
| 30,056
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Orašje, Bosnia|Orašje]]
| 21,308 || 75.12
| 4,235  || 14.93
| 1,893  || 6.67
| 931    || 3.28
| 28,367
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Domaljevac-Šamac]]
| 4,598  || 98.02
| 26     || 0.55
| 7      || 0.15
| 60     || 1.28
| 4,691
|-
! Canton
| 42,224 || 66.90
| 9,928  || 15.73
| 8,113  || 12.85
| 2,822  || 4.47
| 63,114
|}

===2013 Census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
! rowspan="2" | Municipality<ref>[http://www.popis.gov.ba/popis2013/knjige.php?id=0 Link text], additional text.</ref>
! colspan="6" | Nationality
! rowspan="2" | Total
|-
! Bosniaks
! %
! Croats
! %
! Serbs
! %
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Odžak]]
| 6,220 || 33.04
| 11,621  || 61.74
| 582  || 3.09
| 18,821
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Orašje]]
| 2,015 || 10.14
| 17,345    || 87.33
| 157  || 0.79
| 19,861
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Domaljevac-Šamac]]
| 17    || 0.35
| 4,634  || 97.12
| 92  || 1.92
| 4,771
|-
! Canton
| 8,252 || 18.99
| 33,600 || 77.32
| 831 || 1.91
| 43,453
|}

== Politics and government ==
According to the law, Posavina Canton is one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Posavina has its own [[Legislature|legislative]], [[Executive functions|executive]] and [[judicial]] powers. Like each of the cantons of FBiH, Canton Posavina has its own [[constitution]], [[National Assembly|assembly]], [[government]], symbols and has a number of exclusive competences ([[police]], [[education]], use of [[natural resources]], spatial and [[housing]] policy, [[culture]]), while some competences are divided between federal and cantonal authorities ([[health]], social protection, [[transport]]). The seat of the executive power, i.e. the capital of the canton, is Orašje (Posavina Cantonal Government), while in Domaljevac is the seat of the legislative power (Posavina Cantonal Assembly) and in Odžak is the seat of the judiciary.

At the local level, the citizens of Posavina Canton vote for the government in three municipalities every four years in free elections.

===Legislative branch===

Every four years, the citizens of Canton Posavina vote in general elections for a total of 21 deputies in the Assembly of Canton Posavina.

The current composition of the cantonal assembly is:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Groups
| Members per group
|-
| [[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BIH]]
| {{Composition bar|12|21|hex={{party color|Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}}}
|-
| [[Party of Democratic Action|SDA]]
| {{Composition bar|3|21|hex={{party color|Party of Democratic Action}}}}
|-
| [[Croatian Democratic Union 1990|HDZ 1990]]
| {{Composition bar|2|21|hex={{party color|Croatian Democratic Union 1990}}}}
|-
| [[Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina|SDP BIH]]
| {{Composition bar|1|21|hex={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}}}
|-
| [[Croatian Republican Party|HRS]]
| {{Composition bar|1|21|hex={{party color|Croatian Republican Party}}}}
|-
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| {{Composition bar|1|21|hex={{party color|Independent politician}}}}
|-
| [[Movement of Democratic Action|PDA]]
| {{Composition bar|1|21|hex={{party color|Movement of Democratic Action}}}}
|-
| align=left colspan=30 |<small>Source:<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.izbori.ba/Rezultati_izbora/?resId=32&langId=1#/7/202/0/0/0 | publisher = Central Election Commission of BiH | title = KANTON 2 | access-date = 7 July 2025}}</ref></small>
|}

===Government===

Based on the general elections, the current PK [[government]] is formed by a coalition between the [[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (HDZ BiH) and the [[Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (SDP BiH).<ref>{{Cite web|title=OTKRIVENO KAKO JE FORMIRANA NOVA VLADA POSAVSKOG KANTONA: Od šest Bošnjaka u Skupštini, podržao je samo SDP-ov Damir Hamidović zbog jedne ministarske pozicije|url=https://www.slobodna-bosna.ba/vijest/287988/otkriveno_kako_je_formirana_nova_vlada_posavskog_kantona_od_sest_bosnjaka_u_skupstini_podrzao_je_samo_sdp_ov_damir_hamidovic_zbog_jedne_ministarske_pozicije.html|access-date=2025-07-07|website=slobodna-bosna.ba|language=bs-BA}}</ref>

The current PK government consists of the following ministries:
{| class="wikitable"
! style="text-align: center;" | Ministry
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Minister
! style="text-align: center;" | Took office
! style="text-align: center;" | Party
|-
| Prime Minister
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina}};"|
| Đuro Topić
| 7 February 2023
| [[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BIH]]
|-
| Ministry of Internal Affairs
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina}};" |
| Đuro Delić
| 22 February 2024<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.radioorasje.com/skupstina-zp-potvrdila-duru-delica-za-ministra-unutarnjih-poslova-zp/|title=Skupština ŽP potvrdila Đuru Delića za ministra unutarnjih poslova ŽP|access-date=7 July 2025}}</ref>
| [[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BIH]]
|-
| Ministry of Justice and Administration
| style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina}};"|
| Mirsad Ahmetović
| 7 February 2023
| [[Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina|SDP BIH]]
|-
| Ministry of Finance
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina}};"|
| Mijo Stanić
| 7 February 2023
| [[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BIH]]
|-
| Ministry of Transport, Communications and Environmental Protection
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina}};" |
| Pero Radić
| 7 February 2023
| [[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BIH]]
|-
| Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sports
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina}};"|
| Ana Andrić
| 7 February 2023
| [[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BIH]]
|-
| Ministry of Health and Social Policy
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina}};"|
| Damir Živković
| 7 February 2023
| [[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BIH]]
|-
| Ministry of Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina}};"|
| Mato Brkić
| 7 February 2023
| [[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BIH]]
|-
| Ministry of Economy, Labor and Spatial Planning
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina}};" |
| Dragutin Živković
| 7 February 2023
| [[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BIH]]
|-
| Ministry of Veterans
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina}};" |
| Ilija Mišković
| 7 February 2023
| [[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BIH]]
|-
| colspan="11" align="left" |
Source:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zupanijaposavska.ba/clanovi-vlade-zupanije-posavske/|title=Članovi Vlade Županije Posavske|access-date=7 July 2025}}</ref>
|}

== Economy ==
In the pre-war period, especially in the last ten years, the canton was one of the richest areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is important in agriculture (Posavina is the largest granary in Bosnia and Herzegovina), economically (oil refinery in Bosanski Brod and Modriča, furniture, textiles, shoe factories, metal industry, chemical industry, etc.), river resources natural, forests, and the region is also known for the fact that many people did temporary jobs abroad. The area is oriented towards the West with convincing indicators of a very rapid integration into European cultural, economic and civilizational trends.

== Culture ==
[[File:Crkva svetog Jakova Marijskog Grebnice.jpg|thumb| The church of [[St Jacob]] in [[Grebnice]] ]]
===Sport===

[[HNK Orašje]], the local football club from [[Orašje, Bosnia|Orašje]] that won the [[Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup]] in the [[2005–06 Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup|2005–06]] season.

=== Religion ===
The majority of its population professes [[Christianity]], with the [[Catholic Church]] being the most important [[Christian denomination|denomination]] within the population with 33,191 inhabitants in the Canton of Posavina (representing more than 77 percent of the population). The most significant non-Christian minority is made up of [[Muslims]] (8,341 inhabitants) and there are also other Christians such as members of the [[Serbian Orthodox Church]] (841 inhabitants).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ethnic composition of Bosnia & Herzegovina 2013|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/bosnia-religion2013.htm|access-date=2021-05-26|website=pop-stat.mashke.org}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
* [[List of heads of the Posavina Canton]]

==References==
{{Wikivoyage|Posavina}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Cantons of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
{{Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Posavina Canton| ]]
[[Category:Enclaves and exclaves]]
[[Category:Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]