Posavina Canton

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Posavina Canton
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| data19 = 77.32% Croats
19% Bosniaks
1.91% Serbs
1.77% others

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File:Bih cantons en.png
Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The Posavina Canton (Template:Langx; Serbian and Template:Langx; Template:Lang-cyrl) is a federated state and one of ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the smallest canton with an area of only Template:Convert. The canton is an exclave of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, being bordered by Republika Srpska and Brčko District to the south and the river Sava and Croatia to the north. Its capital is Orašje and the largest town is Odžak.

History

The Posavina area was inhabited since prehistoric times, as evidenced by various archaeological finds of coins and other artifacts. After the 1718 Treaty of Passarowitz between the Ottoman Empire and Habsburg monarchy, mostly Catholic families from mountain villages were displaced across the plains, as the Turks themselves settled in the hills and valleys. The Croats from Županja, Babina Greda and Štitar moved to the villages of Kopanice, Vidovice, Tolisa and Domaljevac.

The current municipalities of Derventa and Bosanski Brod were settled by people from Herzegovina between the years 1735 and 1782, and once again in a minor wave in 1820. Since 1697, approximately 20,000 Catholics emigrated from the area. Most of the people emigrated to the municipalities of Modriča, Gradačac, Orašje, Bosanski Šamac and Brčko from Mostar, Posušje, Uskoplje, Bugojno, Livno and Duvno.

Before the Bosnian War, the present-day municipalities of Donji Žabar and Vukosavlje belonged to Odžak and Orašje, while the present-day municipality of Domaljevac-Šamac belonged to Bosanski Šamac. The history of today's canton began on 18 March 1994 with the signing of the Washington Agreement. Posavina Canton was officially established on 12 June 1996 as one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, one of the 3 Croat-majority cantons.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Geography

The canton lies near the border with Croatia and near the river Sava which forms a natural border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. The canton consist of two unconnected exclaves: the western one consisting of Odžak municipality and the eastern one consisting of Orašje and Domaljevac-Šamac municipalities.

Posavina is a region which includes other parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and parts of Croatia. Because of that, this canton is sometimes called Bosanska Posavina (Bosnian Posavina) and is the only part of northern Bosnia near the border with Croatia that lies in the Federation. The rest of northern Bosnia near the river Sava and near the border is the Brčko District and the Republika Srpska. The Brčko district divides Republika Srpska into two parts.

The Posavina canton's position near the Sava river makes it a good place for agriculture because it is a flat lowland and there are no mountains in the area. It is like this in the entire northern border with Croatia, with a great deal of farming and agriculture. The river Sava is a river that flows through Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. In Bosnia and Herzegovina it flows through the northern border and makes a natural border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia.

Posavina means literally along Sava in the Bosnian language. The river Sava is the largest navigable river in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Much of the food in both Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia comes from this region, not only Bosnian Posavina but the rest of the fertile fields along the river Sava.

Municipalities

The canton consists of the municipalities of Domaljevac-Šamac, Odžak, and Orašje.

Demographics

1991 Census

Municipality Nationality Total
Croats % Serbs % Bosniaks % Other %
Odžak 16,338 54.36 5,667 18.85 6,220 20.69 1,831 6.09 30,056
Orašje 21,308 75.12 4,235 14.93 1,893 6.67 931 3.28 28,367
Domaljevac-Šamac 4,598 98.02 26 0.55 7 0.15 60 1.28 4,691
Canton 42,224 66.90 9,928 15.73 8,113 12.85 2,822 4.47 63,114

2013 Census

Municipality<ref>Link text, additional text.</ref> Nationality Total
Bosniaks % Croats % Serbs %
Odžak 6,220 33.04 11,621 61.74 582 3.09 18,821
Orašje 2,015 10.14 17,345 87.33 157 0.79 19,861
Domaljevac-Šamac 17 0.35 4,634 97.12 92 1.92 4,771
Canton 8,252 18.99 33,600 77.32 831 1.91 43,453

Politics and government

According to the law, Posavina Canton is one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Posavina has its own legislative, executive and judicial powers. Like each of the cantons of FBiH, Canton Posavina has its own constitution, assembly, government, symbols and has a number of exclusive competences (police, education, use of natural resources, spatial and housing policy, culture), while some competences are divided between federal and cantonal authorities (health, social protection, transport). The seat of the executive power, i.e. the capital of the canton, is Orašje (Posavina Cantonal Government), while in Domaljevac is the seat of the legislative power (Posavina Cantonal Assembly) and in Odžak is the seat of the judiciary.

At the local level, the citizens of Posavina Canton vote for the government in three municipalities every four years in free elections.

Legislative branch

Every four years, the citizens of Canton Posavina vote in general elections for a total of 21 deputies in the Assembly of Canton Posavina.

The current composition of the cantonal assembly is:

Groups Members per group
HDZ BIH Template:Composition bar
SDA Template:Composition bar
HDZ 1990 Template:Composition bar
SDP BIH Template:Composition bar
HRS Template:Composition bar
Independent Template:Composition bar
PDA Template:Composition bar
Source:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Government

Based on the general elections, the current PK government is formed by a coalition between the Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina (HDZ BiH) and the Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SDP BiH).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The current PK government consists of the following ministries:

Ministry Minister Took office Party
Prime Minister style="background:Template:Party color;"| Đuro Topić 7 February 2023 HDZ BIH
Ministry of Internal Affairs style="background:Template:Party color;" | Đuro Delić 22 February 2024<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> HDZ BIH
Ministry of Justice and Administration style="background:Template:Party color;"| Mirsad Ahmetović 7 February 2023 SDP BIH
Ministry of Finance style="background:Template:Party color;"| Mijo Stanić 7 February 2023 HDZ BIH
Ministry of Transport, Communications and Environmental Protection style="background:Template:Party color;" | Pero Radić 7 February 2023 HDZ BIH
Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sports style="background:Template:Party color;"| Ana Andrić 7 February 2023 HDZ BIH
Ministry of Health and Social Policy style="background:Template:Party color;"| Damir Živković 7 February 2023 HDZ BIH
Ministry of Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry style="background:Template:Party color;"| Mato Brkić 7 February 2023 HDZ BIH
Ministry of Economy, Labor and Spatial Planning style="background:Template:Party color;" | Dragutin Živković 7 February 2023 HDZ BIH
Ministry of Veterans style="background:Template:Party color;" | Ilija Mišković 7 February 2023 HDZ BIH

Source:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Economy

In the pre-war period, especially in the last ten years, the canton was one of the richest areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is important in agriculture (Posavina is the largest granary in Bosnia and Herzegovina), economically (oil refinery in Bosanski Brod and Modriča, furniture, textiles, shoe factories, metal industry, chemical industry, etc.), river resources natural, forests, and the region is also known for the fact that many people did temporary jobs abroad. The area is oriented towards the West with convincing indicators of a very rapid integration into European cultural, economic and civilizational trends.

Culture

File:Crkva svetog Jakova Marijskog Grebnice.jpg
The church of St Jacob in Grebnice

Sport

HNK Orašje, the local football club from Orašje that won the Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup in the 2005–06 season.

Religion

The majority of its population professes Christianity, with the Catholic Church being the most important denomination within the population with 33,191 inhabitants in the Canton of Posavina (representing more than 77 percent of the population). The most significant non-Christian minority is made up of Muslims (8,341 inhabitants) and there are also other Christians such as members of the Serbian Orthodox Church (841 inhabitants).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See also

References

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