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{{Redirect|Spanish Train|the Chris de Burgh song|Spanish Train and Other Stories}}{{Distinguish|Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles}}{{short description|Spanish state-owned rail transport company}}{{More footnotes needed|date=July 2023}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox company|
| name = Renfe-Operadora
| type = [[Statutory corporation]]
| logo = Logotipo de Renfe Operadora.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| location_city = [[Madrid]]
| location_country = Spain
| industry = [[Rail transport]]
| products = Rail passenger and [[Rail freight transport|freight transport]]
| revenue = {{profit}} €3.979 billion <small>(2018)<ref>{{cite journal| title=Renfe cerró 2018 con un beneficio de 111 millones de euros| trans-title=Renfe closed 2018 with a profit of 111 million euros| url=http://railpressnews.blogspot.com/2019/04/renfe-cerro-2018-con-un-beneficio-de.html| date=7 April 2019| journal=Rail Press News| language=es| access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref></small>
| foundation = 1 January 2005
| predecessor = [[Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles]]
| net_income = {{profit}} €111 million <small>(2018)</small>
| operating_income = 
| num_employees = {{decrease}} 13,720 <small>(2018)<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.abc.es/economia/abci-renfe-presenta-otro-plan-bajas-voluntarias-para-2018-hasta-805-trabajadores-201801281809_noticia.html| title=Renfe presenta otro plan de bajas voluntarias para 2018 de hasta 805 trabajadores| newspaper=[[ABC (newspaper)|ABC]]| location=Madrid| access-date=18 February 2020| language=es-ES| trans-title=Renfe presents another voluntary leave plan for 2018 of up to 805 workers| date=20 January 2018}}</ref></small>
| owner = [[Government of Spain]]
| area_served = [[Spain]] and [[France]]
| key_people = Isaías Táboas (CEO),<br />Enrique Peña Pérez,<br />Manuel Fresno Castro,<br />José Luis Marroquín
| subsid = *Renfe Viajeros
*Renfe Mercancías
*Renfe Fabricación y Mantenimiento
*Renfe Alquiler de Material Ferroviario
| website = {{url|https://www.renfe.com|renfe.com}}
}}
[[File:Red actual de ferrocarriles de España.svg|thumb|right|Map of the Spanish rail network in 2019, with colour-coded track types. Renfe Operadora operates on conventional Iberian gauge (red), high speed (blue), and narrow gauge (green) lines.]]
[[File:Renfeticket.PNG|thumb|right|A Renfe train ticket]]
'''Renfe''' ({{IPA|es|ˈreɱfe}}, {{IPA|ca|ˈreɱfə|label=Eastern Catalan:}}), officially '''Renfe-Operadora''', is [[Spain]]'s national [[State-owned enterprise|state-owned]] railway company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Renfe {{!}} Train Tickets & Routes {{!}} Book in English |url=https://www.thetrainline.com/en/train-companies/renfe |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=Trainline |language=en}}</ref> 

It was created in 2005 upon the split of the former [[Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles|Spanish National Railway Network (RENFE)]] into the [[Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias]] (ADIF), which inherited the infrastructure, and Renfe-Operadora, which inherited the railway service.

== History ==
{{further|History of rail transport in Spain}}
The name "Renfe" (acronym of ''[[Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles|'''Re'''d '''N'''acional de los '''F'''errocarriles '''E'''spañoles]]'') is derived from that of the former Spanish National Railway Network created on 24 January 1941 with the [[nationalization|nationalisation]] of Spain's railways. As per [[EU Directive 91/440]], Renfe was divided into Renfe Operadora (operations) and ADIF (infrastructure) on 1 January 2005. At the same time, the existing Renfe logo (nicknamed the "galleta", Spanish for biscuit), first introduced in 1971, was replaced by a dark purple lower-case [[wordmark]] designed by Interbrand. Separate logos used by the other sectors were also replaced, but the old Renfe logo remains in use in some stations in Spain and on maps to indicate an ADIF station.

The ''Railway Sector Act, 2003'' separated the management, maintenance and construction of rail infrastructure from train operation. The first activity is now the responsibility of [[Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias]] (ADIF), while the newly created Renfe-Operadora (also known as Grupo Renfe or simply Renfe) owns the rolling stock and remains responsible for the planning, marketing and operation of the passenger and freight services.<ref>{{cite journal| trans-title=The New Renfe| url=http://www.fcmaf.es/Reportajes/Renfe.htm| title=La Nueva Renfe| journal=Federación Castellano Manchega de Amigos del Ferrocarril| language=es| date=11 January 2005| archive-date=5 December 2021| access-date=5 April 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205134316/http://fcmaf.es/Reportajes/Renfe.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> This same process was followed in [[Ferrocarriles Españoles de Vía Estrecha|FEVE]] in 2012, whereby its infrastructure and services were merged in Adif and Renfe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Europa |date=2012-05-03 |title=Economía/Empresas.- Feve defiende su integración con Renfe y Adif como la "única solución" para la empresa |trans-title=FEVE defends its integration with Renfe and Adif and the "only solution" to the company |url=https://www.europapress.es/economia/noticia-economia-empresas-feve-defiende-integracion-renfe-adif-unica-solucion-empresa-20120503150621.html |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=www.europapress.es}}</ref>

Renfe no longer has a monopoly on domestic passenger services due to [[Ouigo España]] launching in 2021, followed by [[Iryo]] in 2022.{{cn|date=June 2023}}

==Structure==
Renfe-Operadora inherited the management model of the old Renfe, which made Renfe-Operadora responsible for the operation of the passenger and freight services. In January 2006, Renfe-Operadora restructured the main business units into four general directorates:

* Dirección General de Servicios Públicos de Cercanías y Media Distancia (General Public Utilities Directorate for Suburban and Medium Distance): responsible for commuter services (Cercanías), medium-distance high-speed rail AVE services and medium-range regional services ([[:es:Regionales]] and [[:es:Media Distancia]]).
* Dirección General de Servicios de Larga Distancia (General Directorate of Long Distance Services): responsible for long-distance intercity and high-speed rail services (except medium-distance AVE services and Media Distancia, which is managed by the above business unit).
* Dirección General de Servicios de Mercancías y Logística (General Directorate for Freight and Logistics Services): responsible for freight services.
* Dirección General de Fabricación y Mantenimiento (General Directorate of Manufacturing and Maintenance): responsible for rolling stock maintenance and manufacture (also known as Integria).

In June 2013, Renfe's board agreed to restructure the group into four separate companies under the holding company:<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/policy/single-view/view/renfe-restructuring-approved.html|access-date=1 July 2013|title=RENFE restructuring approved|work=[[Railway Gazette International]]}}</ref><ref name="Puente20130702">{{cite news
|url=http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/financial/renfe-confirms-four-subsidiary-split.html|title=Renfe confirms four subsidiary split|last=Puente|first=Fernando|work=[[International Railway Journal]]|publisher=2 July 2013|access-date=4 July 2013}}</ref>
*[[Renfe Viajeros]], operating passenger trains;
*[[Renfe Mercancías]], freight;
*[[Renfe Fabricación y Mantenimiento]], rolling stock maintenance;
*[[Renfe Alquiler de Material Ferroviario]], train leasing.

== Figures ==
{| class="wikitable zebra" style="text-align:right;"
|- class="hintergrundfarbe5"
! Figures<ref>{{cite web|title=Railway Gazette|url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/in-depth/high-speed-open-access-comes-to-spain/56641.article/|access-date=2020-06-11}}</ref> !! 2006 !! 2007 !! 2008 !! 2009 !! 2010 !! 2011 !! 2012 !! 2013 !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! 2019
|-
| align="left" | Passengers (Mio.)<ref>{{cite web|title=Railway Gazette|url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/in-depth/high-speed-open-access-comes-to-spain/56641.article|last=Railway Gazette}}</ref>
|| 527,975 || 517,583 || 510,176 || 476,334 || 463,012 || 476,917 || 472,145 || 466,057 || 464,961 || 465,201 || 471,359 || 487,881 || 507,088 || 510,453 
|-
| align="left" | [[Passenger-kilometer]] (Mio.) || 20,480 || 20,167 || 22,281 || 21,895 || 21,166 || 21,585 || 21,319 || 22,563 ||23,754 || 24,825 || 25,291 || 26,060 || 26,931 || 27,263
|-
| align="left" | AVE Passengers (Tsd.) || 4.878 || 5.559 || 11.461 || 11.250 || 10.851 || 12.563 || 12.101 || 14.697 || 17.967 || 19.428 || 20.352 || 21.108 || 21.332 || 22.370
|-
| align="left" | AVE Passenger-kilometer (Tsd.) || 1.884 || 2.161 || 4.888 || 5.260 || 5.171 || 5.846 || 5.793 || 7.095 || 8.038 || 9.230 || 9.632 || 10.267 || 10.289 || 10.760
|}

=== Operations ===
The company operates some {{Convert|12000|km|abbr=on}} of railways, {{Convert|7000|km|abbr=on}} of them electrified. Most of the tracks are constructed to the [[broad gauge|broad]] [[Iberian gauge]] of {{Track gauge|1668mm}}, the same as that used in [[Portugal]] but wider than the international gauge of {{Track gauge|1435mm}} which is standard in most of the rest of the world. The newer [[High-speed rail|high-speed]] ([[AVE]]) network has been built to the international [[standard gauge]] of {{Track gauge|1435mm|disp=1}} for the connection to the rest of the European railway system. For this reason, the {{Track gauge|1435mm|disp=1}} gauge is generally termed "European gauge" in Spain.{{Cn|date=July 2023}}

Construction of a [[high-speed rail]] line between [[Madrid]] and [[Seville]] began in 1988 and began operations in 1991, going {{Convert|300|km/h|abbr=on}}. The second high-speed rail line (Madrid to [[Barcelona]]) was completed in 2007 with the inaugural service commencing on 20 February 2008. The operational speed on this route is {{Convert|350|km/h|abbr=on}}. The greater part of the line (Madrid to [[Lleida]]) entered service on 11 October 2003, with a connection to [[Huesca]] from [[Zaragoza]]. The third high-speed line (Madrid to [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]]) was opened in November 2005, followed by a spur from [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]] to [[Málaga, Spain|Málaga]] as far as [[Antequera]] in 2007. Another high-speed route from Madrid to [[Valladolid]] was opened in 2007. A line from Madrid to [[Valencia (city in Spain)|Valencia]] was opened in 2010, and the first stage of a high-speed line in [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] opened in 2011. A line to [[Lisbon]] is being designed.{{cn|date=June 2023}}

Other lines operated by Renfe include [[Euromed (train)|Euromed]], a moderate-speed line between Barcelona and Alicante.

In addition to [[Inter-city rail|intercity]] transport, Renfe operates [[commuter train]] systems, known as ''[[Cercanías]]'' (or ''Rodalies'' in Catalonia and ''Cercanías-Aldirikoak'' in the Basque Country), in eleven metropolitan areas, including Madrid and Barcelona. In some cities, Renfe shares the market with other commuter railway operators, such as [[Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya|FGC]].

In 2019, Renfe solicited bids for 31 new trains for the Asturias and Cantabria regions and the €258m contract was awarded to the CAF ([[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles]]) in June 2020. Around February 2023, authorities discovered the designs were for the wrong loading gauge and would be too wide for the tunnels.<ref name=BI0212>{{cite web |title=$276 million was spent on 31 Spanish trains before it was realized they were too big to fit in the tunnels |date=February 12, 2023 |publisher=Business Insider |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/spain-spend-millions-euros-trains-too-big-for-rail-tunnels-2023-2}}</ref> Amidst international embarrassment, Renfe and ADIF each tried to deflect responsibility, and some called for the firing of the executives deemed responsible. Fortunately, the trains were still being designed, however the ''Cercanía'' commuter trains will be delayed until 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Badcock |first=James |title=Spain spends €258m to build trains too big for its tunnels |url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/travel/news/spain-spends-%E2%82%AC258m-to-build-trains-too-big-for-its-tunnels/ar-AA17d0zZ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=MSN |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=King |first=Chris |date=2023-02-10 |title=Cantabrian President demands heads of 'big shots' must roll over new trains not fitting through tunnels |url=https://euroweeklynews.com/2023/02/10/update-cantabrian-president-demands-heads-of-big-shots-must-roll-over-new-trains-not-fitting-through-tunnels/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Euro Weekly News |language=en-GB |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217165000/https://euroweeklynews.com/2023/02/10/update-cantabrian-president-demands-heads-of-big-shots-must-roll-over-new-trains-not-fitting-through-tunnels/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=BI0212/> Subsequently, transport officials including the president of Renfe and the Secretary of State for Transport resigned.<ref> {{cite web|url= https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/travel-troubles/300812892/heads-roll-in-spain-over-trains-too-wide-for-tunnels |title= Heads roll in- Spain over trains too wide for tunnels |publisher= Stuff/Fairfax |date= 2023 }} </ref>

In November 2024, Renfe bought a 33% shareholding in [[Arenaways]].<ref>[https://www.railjournal.com/financial/renfe-acquires-stake-in-italian-operator-arenaways/ Renfe acquires stake in Italian operator Arenaways] ''[[International Railway Journal]]'' 27 November 2024</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20241127210824/https://www.renfe.com/es/en/renfe-group/communication/renfe-today/press-room/renfe-partners-longitude-expand-italian-market Renfe partners with Longitude to expand into Italian market] Renfe 27 November 2024</ref>

== Passenger rolling stock ==
Renfe-Operadora utilises the following rolling stock and commercial products inside of its two divisions:
=== Suburban and Medium Distance (DGSPCMD) ===

==== Cercanías (Commuter Services), meter gauge ====
{| class="wikitable left"
|-
! Rolling stock!! Region(s) !! Image
|-
| Renfe Class 433 [[Electric multiple unit|EMU]]|| [[Asturias]]||[[File:FEVE 3302 (50204068577).jpg|FEVE_3302_(50204068577)|200px]]
|-
| Renfe Class 435 EMU || [[Asturias]]||[[File:Perlora station 1.JPG|Perlora_station_1|200px]]
|-
| Renfe Class 436 EMU || [[Asturias]]<br />[[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]]<br />[[Cantabria]]||[[File:Serie 3600 de Renfe con la vinilación de Cercanías en la estación de Oviedo (2025).jpg|200px]]
|-
| Renfe Class 438 EMU || [[Cantabria]]|| [[File:FEVE serie 2400 nueva decoración RENFE. Febrero de 2023.jpg|200px]]
|-
|[[Renfe Class 442]] EMU
|[[Madrid]]
|[[File:Cercanias-madrid-c9-line-train-cotos.jpg|200px]]
|-
|Renfe Class 526 [[Diesel multiple unit|DMU]]
|[[Asturias]]<br />[[Castile and León]]
|[[File:Tren FEVE Leon.png|200px]]
|-
|Renfe Class 529 DMU
|[[Castile and León]]<br />[[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]]<br />[[Murcia]]
|[[File:Villaquilambre - Apeadero de Feve-Adif 1.jpg|Villaquilambre_-_Apeadero_de_Feve-Adif_1|200px]]
|}

==== Cercanías (Commuter Services), Iberian gauge ====
{| class="wikitable left"
|-
! Rolling stock!! Metropolitan area(s) !! Image
|-
| [[Renfe Class 446]] EMU || [[Bilbao]]<br />[[Madrid]]<br />||[[File:Hugh llewelyn 180 (5553135644).jpg|200px]]
|-
| [[Renfe Class 447]] EMU || [[Barcelona]] <br />[[Madrid]]<br />[[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]]<br />[[Murcia]]/[[Alicante]]<br />[[San Sebastián]]<br />[[Santander, Cantabria|Santander]]
|[[File:S03 304 Bf San Pol del Mar, 447 142.jpg|S03_304_Bf_San_Pol_del_Mar,_447_142|200px]]
|-
| [[Renfe Class 450]] EMU || [[Barcelona]]<br />[[Madrid]] || [[File:Tren de la serie 450.jpg|200px]]
|-
| [[Civia|Renfe Class 462/463/464/465]] EMU || [[Asturias]]<br />[[Cercanías Barcelona|Barcelona]]<br />[[Cádiz]]<br />[[Madrid]]<br />[[Málaga]]<br />[[Sevilla]]<br />[[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]]<br />[[Zaragoza]]||[[File:RENFE Civia - Silla - 2014-07-24.jpg|RENFE_Civia_-_Silla_-_2014-07-24|200px]]
|-
| [[Renfe Class 592]] [[Diesel multiple unit|DMU]] || [[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]]<br />[[Murcia]]/[[Alicante]]<br /> || [[File:RENFE 592 - Valencia-Sant Isidre - 2014-08-13.jpg|200px]]
|}

==== Mainline Medium Distance Services (iberian gauge) ====
{| class="wikitable left"
|-
! Rolling stock!! Route(s) !! Image
|-
|Renfe Class 440/470 EMU <small>(to be phased out)</small>|| Córdoba – Rabanales<br>León – Ponferrada – Vigo<br>León – Gijón<br>Valladolid – Santander<br>Valladolid – Ávila<br>Valladolid – León<br>Valencia − Barcelona<br>Valencia − Alicante|| [[File:RENFE 470 - Valencia Nord - 2014-07-29.jpg|200px]] 
|-
| Renfe Class 448 EMU || Catalunya<br>Aragón || [[File:RENFE 448 (14519718446).jpg|RENFE_448_(14519718446)|200px]] 
|-
|Renfe Class 449 EMU || Madrid – Jaén<br>León – Ponferrada – Orense – Vigo<br>Sevilla – Cádiz<br>Barcelona – Girona – Figueres – Portbou<br>Huelva – Sevilla<br>Jaén – Córdoba – Sevilla – Cadiz<br>Madrid − Alcázar de San Juan − Albacete<br>Madrid − Alcázar de San Juan − Ciudad Real<br>Alicante – Albacete – Ciudad Real<br>Madrid − León<br>Madrid – Vitoria<br> Irun - Vitoria - Miranda de Ebro<br>Córdoba – Bobadilla<br>Barcelona – Reus<br>Barcelona – Tortosa  || [[File:S2781 Bf Madrid Chamartín, 9 449 009.jpg|S2781_Bf_Madrid_Chamartín,_9_449_009|200px]]
|-
| [[Renfe Class 592]] DMU <small>(to be phased out)</small>|| Madrid – Talavera<br>Murcia – Cartagena<br>Valencia − Alcoi<br>''CELTA:''<br>Oporto - Vigo (Service CP) || [[File:J23 435 Bf Lorca Sutullena, 592 xxx.jpg|200px]] 
|-
| [[DSB Class MF|Renfe Class 594]] DMU || Valladolid – Zamora – Puebla de Sanabria<br>A Coruña – Ferrol<br>A Coruña – Lugo – Monforte de Lemos - Ourense<br>Madrid – Soria<br>Murcia – Cartagena  || [[File:Renfe Class 594 (8649324591).jpg|Renfe_Class_594_(8649324591)|200px]] 
|-
|Renfe Class 598 DMU|| Cáceres – Valencia de Alcántara<br>Sevilla – Cáceres - Madrid || [[File:Regional Cuenca - Madrid en Paredes - 51734173215.jpg|Regional_Cuenca_-_Madrid_en_Paredes_-_51734173215|200px]]
|-
||Renfe Class 599 DMU || Madrid – Badajoz<br>Huelva – Zafra<br>A Coruña – Vigo Guixar<br>Salamanca – Ávila – Madrid<br>Salamanca – Palencia<br>Valencia – Cartagena<br>Zaragoza – Valencia<br>Zaragoza – Cartagena<br>Sevilla – Málaga<br>Sevilla – Almería<br>Granada – Algeciras<br>Málaga – Ronda<br>Granada – Linares<br>Madrid − Águilas
| [[File:RENFE 599 087 Piñar.jpg|RENFE_599_087_Piñar|200px]] 
|}

==== Mainline Medium Distance Services (metric gauge) ====
{| class="wikitable left"
|-
! Rolling stock!! Region(s) !! Image
|-
| Renfe Class 524 DMU || Ferrol – Oviedo
Oviedo – Santander
Santander – Bilbao
|[[File:FEVE Cerdido.jpg|FEVE_Cerdido|200px]]
|-
| Renfe Class 527 DMU || Ferrol – Oviedo
Oviedo – Santander
Santander – Bilbao
Bilbao – León
|[[File:Renfe series UTDH-2700 at Poo, Llanes station 01.jpg|200px]]
|}

==== High-Speed Medium Distance Services ====
{| class="wikitable left"
|-
! Rolling stock!! Route(s)!! Image
|-
|[[:es:Serie 104 de Renfe|Renfe Class 104]] EMU ||  Madrid – Toledo<br>Madrid – Ciudad Real<br>Málaga – Granada<br>Sevilla – Córdoba<br>Barcelona – Camp De Tarragona<br>Sevilla - Málaga 
| [[File:S1860a Bf Córdoba, 9 104 905.jpg|200px]] 
|-
|[[New Pendolino|Renfe Class 114]] EMU || Madrid – Puertollano<br>Madrid – Valladolid<br>Barcelona – Figueres<br>Barcelona – Lleida<br>Sevilla – Granada
| [[File:Renfe Avant S114 (40363123383).jpg|Renfe_Avant_S114_(40363123383)|200px]]
|-
|[[Renfe Class 120 / 121|Renfe Class 121]] EMU || Cádiz – Jaén<br>A Coruña – Ourense<br>A Coruña – Vigo Urzaiz<br>Madrid – Ponferrada<br>Ponferrada-Vigo<br>Madrid – Gandia<br>Madrid-Salamanca || [[File:RENFE 121 501 Vilches.jpg|RENFE_121_501_Vilches|200px]]
|}

=== Long Distance (DGSLD) ===
==== Luxury Tourist Train Services ====
{| class="wikitable left"
|-
! Service !! Route(s)!! Locomotive!! Passenger Car!! Image
|-
| Al Ándalus|| Sevilla - Granada - Úbeda - Sevilla || Renfe Class 319.3 Locomotive || Al Ándalus || [[File:Renfe 319.323 + 319.304 "Al Andalus" (48373548251).jpg|Renfe_319.323_+_319.304_"Al_Andalus"_(48373548251)|200px]]
|-
| Costa Verde Express|| Bilbao - Santiago de Compostela<br>Santiago de Compostela - Bilbao
| Feve Class 1900 Locomotive || El Transcantábrico || [[File:FEVE 1916 + “El Transcantábrico” (50101413867).jpg|FEVE_1916_+_"El_Transcantábrico"_(50101413867)|200px]]
|-
| El Transcantábrico Gran Lujo|| San Sebastián–Santiago de Compostela<br>Santiago de Compostela–San Sebastián
| Feve Class 1900 Locomotive || El Transcantábrico || [[File:FEVE 1916 + “El Transcantábrico” (50182318097).jpg|FEVE_1916_+_"El_Transcantábrico"_(50182318097)|200px]]
|-
| La Robla Express|| "La Robla Route:"<br>Bilbao - León<br>León - Bilbao<br>"Pilgrim's Route:"<br>Oviedo - Ortigueira - Santiago de Compostela - Oviedo || Feve Class 1650 Locomotive || La Robla || [[File:El Expreso de la Robla - seascape.jpg|El_Expreso_de_la_Robla_-_seascape|200px]]
|}

==== Mainline Long Distance Services ====
{| class="wikitable left"
|-
! Service(s) !! Route(s)!! Locomotive!! Passenger Car!! Image
|-
| rowspan="2" | Intercity|| Madrid – Algeciras<br>Madrid – Granada<br>Madrid – Murcia –  Cartagena<br>Madrid – Almería<br>Barcelona – Murcia – Cartagena/Lorca<br>Madrid – Cáceres – Badajoz || [[Renfe Class 334]] Locomotive || Talgo Pendular || [[File:RENFE 334 018 Campillos.jpg|RENFE_334_018_Campillos|200px]]
|-
| Madrid – Almería<br>Barcelona – Murcia – Cartagena/Lorca<br>Madrid – Valencia || [[Renfe Class 252]] Locomotive || Talgo Pendular || [[File:252-066-6, Spain, Tarragona, Port Aventura - Tres Camins stretch (Trainpix 199420).jpg|252-066-6,_Spain,_Tarragona,_Port_Aventura_-_Tres_Camins_stretch_(Trainpix_199420)|200px]]
|}

==== High-Speed Long Distance Services ====
{| class="wikitable left"
|-
! Service !! Rolling stock!! Route(s)!! Image
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[AVE]] || [[AVE Class 100|Renfe Class 100]] EMU || Madrid – Sevilla<br>Madrid – Castellón<br>Huesca–Sevilla || [[File:J20 676 Bf Perpignan, 9 100 121 Renfe.jpg|J20_676_Bf_Perpignan,_9_100_121_Renfe|200px]]
|-
| [[AVE Class 102|Renfe Class 102]] EMU || |Madrid – León<br>Madrid – Huesca<ref name="vialibre">{{cite news |date= 14 February 2008 |title= El AVE entre Madrid y Barcelona inicia sus servicios el 20 de febrero, con cinco tipos de tarifas |url= https://vialibre-ffe.com/noticias.asp?not=1471 |publisher= VÍA LIBRE|language=es|access-date = 24 February 2025}}</ref><br>Valencia – Sevilla ||[[File:AVE S-102. Viaducto sobre el Arroyo de Pedro Gil (32308646046).jpg|AVE_S-102._Viaducto_sobre_el_Arroyo_de_Pedro_Gil_(32308646046)|200px]]
|-
| [[AVE Class 103|Renfe Class 103]] EMU || Madrid – Barcelona – Figueres<ref name="vialibre" /><br>Madrid – Málaga<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.renfe.com/es/en/renfe-group/renfe-group/fleet-of-trains/s-103 |title=S-103 |publisher=Renfe |language=en |date=14 December 2023| access-date=19 February 2025}}</ref><br>Barcelona – Málaga || [[File:AveZaragozaDelicias (straighten).jpg|200px]]
|-Madrid- Sevilla 
| [[Talgo AVRIL|Renfe Class 106]] EMU || Gijón–Castellón<br />Madrid–Gijón<br>Madrid–A Coruña<br>Madrid–Vigo<br>Madrid – Murcia<br>Madrid – Marseille<br>Barcelona – Lyon<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.renfe.com/es/en/renfe-group/communication/renfe-today/press-room/renfe-has-confirmed-schedules-2024-reach-paris-expand-its-operations-across-france-up-to-16-ave-trains-per-day|title=Renfe has confirmed its schedules for 2024 to reach Paris and expand its operations across France with up to 16 AVE trains per day |publisher=Renfe |language=en | access-date=26 February 2025}}</ref>||  [[File:Serie 106 de Renfe.jpg|200px]] 
|-
| [[AVE Class 112|Renfe Class 112]] EMU || Madrid – Alicante<br>Madrid – Burgos<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/nacional/2022/07/21/felipe-vi-inaugura-ave-burgos-decada-despues-inicio-obras-1589269.html|title=Felipe VI inaugura el AVE a Burgos más de una década después del inicio de las obras|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=21 July 2022|work=www.heraldo.es|access-date=25 July 2022|language=es|archive-date=24 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724032249/https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/nacional/2022/07/21/felipe-vi-inaugura-ave-burgos-decada-despues-inicio-obras-1589269.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br>Madrid – Cuenca – Valencia<ref>{{cite press release |date= December 2010 |title= Los AVE Madrid-Levante |url= https://vialibre-ffe.com/pdf/15861_Diciembre_2010.pdf |location= Santa Isabel, 44. 28012 Madrid|publisher= VÍA LIBRE |agency= Fundación de los Ferrocarriles Españoles |language=es|access-date = 24 February 2025}}</ref><br>Madrid – Granada<br>Madrid – Murcia<br>Madrid – Ourense<br>Alicante – Ourense<br>Alicante – León<ref name="palenciaenlared">{{cite web|url=https://www.palenciaenlared.es/palencia-estrena-manana-los-avril-de-renfe-con-mejora-de-tiempos-a-asturias-y-castellon/ |title=Palencia estrena mañana los Avril de Renfe, con mejora de tiempos a Asturias y Castellón |first=Óscar |last=Herrero |publisher=palenciaenlared.es|language=es |date=20 May 2024| access-date=26 February 2025}}</ref><br>Barcelona – Granada<br>Barcelona – Sevilla<br>Burgos – Valencia<br>Málaga – Murcia<br>León – Valencia<ref name="palenciaenlared" />||  [[File:Tren AVE, en la estación de Valencia, España, Serie 112 de Renfe.JPG|200px]] 
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Alvia]] <small>(mixed high-speed &<br>conventional service)</small> || [[Renfe Class 120]] EMU || Madrid – Pamplona<br>Madrid – Logroño<br>Madrid – Irún/Hendaya<br>Madrid – Bilbao<br>Madrid – Salamanca<br>Madrid – Santander<br>Madrid – Huelva<br>Barcelona – Bilbao<br>Barcelona – San Sebastian<br>''Torre del Oro:'' Barcelona – Valencia – Sevilla – Cádiz
| [[File:Alvia Vigo-Barcelona, el tren escoba (3710893886).jpg|Alvia_Vigo-Barcelona,_el_tren_escoba_(3710893886)|200px]]
|-
| [[Renfe Class 130]] EMU || Madrid – Avilés<br>Madrid – Cádiz<br>Alicante – Gijón<br>Alicante – Santander<br>Barcelona – A Coruña<br>Barcelona – Vigo<br>Barcelona – Salamanca<br>''Euromed:'' Barcelona – Valencia – Alicante     
|| [[File:RENFE Alvia S-130.000 (24547010389).jpg|RENFE_Alvia_S-130.000_(24547010389)|200px]]
|-
| [[Renfe Class 730]] HMU || Madrid – Algeciras<br>Madrid – Almeria<br>Madrid – Ferrol<br>Madrid – Vigo<br>Madrid – Lugo<br>Madrid – Badajoz
|| [[File:RENFE Class 730 Viaducto Martin Gil.jpg|RENFE_Class_730_Viaducto_Martin_Gil|200px]]
|}

=== Prototype rolling stock ===
{| class="wikitable left"
|-
! Service !! Rolling stock!! Image
|-
| rowspan="1" | [[AVE]] || [[CAF Oaris|Renfe Class 105]] EMU || [[File:Oaris de CAF (105.001) en proves per Vilafant.jpg|Oaris_de_CAF_(105.001)_en_proves_per_Vilafant|200px]]
|}

=== Future rolling stock ===
{| class="wikitable left"
|-
! Service !! Rolling stock!! Quantity
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Cercanías]]|| [[Alstom Coradia|Renfe Class 452]] EMU || 152
|-
| [[Stadler FLIRT|Renfe Class]] [[Stadler KISS|453]] EMU || 59
|-
| [[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|Renfe Class 412 and 413]] EMU || 26
|-
|[[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|Renfe Class 402]] EMU
|6
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Media Distancia]]|| [[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|Unknown Iberian Gauge CAF]] EMU || 28
|-
|[[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|Renfe Class 714]] BMU
|5
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[AVE]]|| [[Talgo AVRIL|Renfe Class 106]] EMU || 30
|-
| [[Talgo AVRIL|Renfe Class 107]] EMU || 13
|}

== Vehicles register numbers ==
All classes are designated by three numbers. The first digit has a special meaning:
* 1xx: High speed [[multiple unit]]
* 2xx: [[Electric locomotive]]
* 3xx: [[Diesel locomotive]]
* 4xx: Electric multiple unit (EMU)
* 5xx: Diesel multiple unit (DMU)
* 6xx: [[Hybrid train|Hybrid locomotive]]
* 7xx: Hybrid multiple unit (HMU)
* 8xx: Trams which can run on railways

==Tickets==
[[Train ticket|Travel tickets]] are available from rail stations and online. In 2023 the [[European Commission]] initiated an investigation into concerns that Renfe might have been abusing its [[dominance (economics)|dominant position]] in the online ticketing market by refusing to share journey time information with competing ticketing websites. Renfe offered a number of commitments intended to address these concerns, which the European Commission made legally binding in January 2024 under the EU's [[Competition law in the European Union|competition]] rules.<ref>European Commission, [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_201 Commission accepts commitments by Renfe opening up competition in online rail ticketing in Spain], Press Release IP/24/201, published 17 January 2024</ref>

== See also ==
* [[History of rail transport in Spain]]
* [[Rail transport in Spain]]
* [[Transport in Spain]]
* [[Madrid, Zaragoza and Alicante railway]]

== Notes ==
:1.{{note|a}}Operated by [[Comboios de Portugal|CP]] in Portugal.
:2.{{note|b}}Managed by [[Elipsos]] under the brand ''Renfe-SNCF en Cooperación/en Coopération''.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Renfe Operadora}}
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20141104065449/http://www.renfe-sncf.com/rw-en/Pages/Home.aspx Train tickets from France and Spain]}}
* {{Official website|http://www.renfe.com/EN/viajeros/index.html|Renfe's official website}}
* {{PM20|FID=co/018947|TEXT=Documents and clippings about|NAME=}}

{{Rail transport in Spain}}
{{National railway companies of Europe}}
{{Rolling stock of Renfe Operadora}}
{{Rodalies de Catalunya}}
{{Transport in Barcelona}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Renfe Operadora}}
[[Category:Renfe| ]]
[[Category:Railway companies of Spain]]
[[Category:Companies based in the Community of Madrid]]
[[Category:Government-owned companies of Spain]]
[[Category:Spanish brands]]
[[Category:Spanish companies established in 2005]]
[[Category:Railway companies established in 2005]]