Renfe

File:Red actual de ferrocarriles de España.svg

Map of the Spanish rail network in 2019, with colour-coded track types. Renfe Operadora operates on conventional Iberian gauge (red), high speed (blue), and narrow gauge (green) lines.

File:Renfeticket.PNG

A Renfe train ticket

Renfe (Template:IPA, Template:IPA), officially Renfe-Operadora, is Spain's national state-owned railway company.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

It was created in 2005 upon the split of the former Spanish National Railway Network (RENFE) into the Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias (ADIF), which inherited the infrastructure, and Renfe-Operadora, which inherited the railway service.

History

Template:Further The name "Renfe" (acronym of Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles) is derived from that of the former Spanish National Railway Network created on 24 January 1941 with the nationalisation of Spain's railways. As per EU Directive 91/440, Renfe was divided into Renfe Operadora (operations) and ADIF (infrastructure) on 1 January 2005. At the same time, the existing Renfe logo (nicknamed the "galleta", Spanish for biscuit), first introduced in 1971, was replaced by a dark purple lower-case wordmark designed by Interbrand. Separate logos used by the other sectors were also replaced, but the old Renfe logo remains in use in some stations in Spain and on maps to indicate an ADIF station.

The Railway Sector Act, 2003 separated the management, maintenance and construction of rail infrastructure from train operation. The first activity is now the responsibility of Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias (ADIF), while the newly created Renfe-Operadora (also known as Grupo Renfe or simply Renfe) owns the rolling stock and remains responsible for the planning, marketing and operation of the passenger and freight services.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> This same process was followed in FEVE in 2012, whereby its infrastructure and services were merged in Adif and Renfe.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Renfe no longer has a monopoly on domestic passenger services due to Ouigo España launching in 2021, followed by Iryo in 2022.Template:Cn

Structure

Renfe-Operadora inherited the management model of the old Renfe, which made Renfe-Operadora responsible for the operation of the passenger and freight services. In January 2006, Renfe-Operadora restructured the main business units into four general directorates:

• Dirección General de Servicios Públicos de Cercanías y Media Distancia (General Public Utilities Directorate for Suburban and Medium Distance): responsible for commuter services (Cercanías), medium-distance high-speed rail AVE services and medium-range regional services (es:Regionales and es:Media Distancia).
• Dirección General de Servicios de Larga Distancia (General Directorate of Long Distance Services): responsible for long-distance intercity and high-speed rail services (except medium-distance AVE services and Media Distancia, which is managed by the above business unit).
• Dirección General de Servicios de Mercancías y Logística (General Directorate for Freight and Logistics Services): responsible for freight services.
• Dirección General de Fabricación y Mantenimiento (General Directorate of Manufacturing and Maintenance): responsible for rolling stock maintenance and manufacture (also known as Integria).

In June 2013, Renfe's board agreed to restructure the group into four separate companies under the holding company:<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Puente20130702">Template:Cite news</ref>

• Renfe Viajeros, operating passenger trains;
• Renfe Mercancías, freight;
• Renfe Fabricación y Mantenimiento, rolling stock maintenance;
• Renfe Alquiler de Material Ferroviario, train leasing.

Figures

Figures<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Passengers (Mio.)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>	527,975	517,583	510,176	476,334	463,012	476,917	472,145	466,057	464,961	465,201	471,359	487,881	507,088	510,453
Passenger-kilometer (Mio.)	20,480	20,167	22,281	21,895	21,166	21,585	21,319	22,563	23,754	24,825	25,291	26,060	26,931	27,263
AVE Passengers (Tsd.)	4.878	5.559	11.461	11.250	10.851	12.563	12.101	14.697	17.967	19.428	20.352	21.108	21.332	22.370
AVE Passenger-kilometer (Tsd.)	1.884	2.161	4.888	5.260	5.171	5.846	5.793	7.095	8.038	9.230	9.632	10.267	10.289	10.760

Operations

The company operates some Template:Convert of railways, Template:Convert of them electrified. Most of the tracks are constructed to the broad Iberian gauge of Template:Track gauge, the same as that used in Portugal but wider than the international gauge of Template:Track gauge which is standard in most of the rest of the world. The newer high-speed (AVE) network has been built to the international standard gauge of Template:Track gauge for the connection to the rest of the European railway system. For this reason, the Template:Track gauge gauge is generally termed "European gauge" in Spain.Template:Cn

Construction of a high-speed rail line between Madrid and Seville began in 1988 and began operations in 1991, going Template:Convert. The second high-speed rail line (Madrid to Barcelona) was completed in 2007 with the inaugural service commencing on 20 February 2008. The operational speed on this route is Template:Convert. The greater part of the line (Madrid to Lleida) entered service on 11 October 2003, with a connection to Huesca from Zaragoza. The third high-speed line (Madrid to Toledo) was opened in November 2005, followed by a spur from Córdoba to Málaga as far as Antequera in 2007. Another high-speed route from Madrid to Valladolid was opened in 2007. A line from Madrid to Valencia was opened in 2010, and the first stage of a high-speed line in Galicia opened in 2011. A line to Lisbon is being designed.Template:Cn

Other lines operated by Renfe include Euromed, a moderate-speed line between Barcelona and Alicante.

In addition to intercity transport, Renfe operates commuter train systems, known as Cercanías (or Rodalies in Catalonia and Cercanías-Aldirikoak in the Basque Country), in eleven metropolitan areas, including Madrid and Barcelona. In some cities, Renfe shares the market with other commuter railway operators, such as FGC.

In 2019, Renfe solicited bids for 31 new trains for the Asturias and Cantabria regions and the €258m contract was awarded to the CAF (Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles) in June 2020. Around February 2023, authorities discovered the designs were for the wrong loading gauge and would be too wide for the tunnels.<ref name=BI0212>Template:Cite web</ref> Amidst international embarrassment, Renfe and ADIF each tried to deflect responsibility, and some called for the firing of the executives deemed responsible. Fortunately, the trains were still being designed, however the Cercanía commuter trains will be delayed until 2026.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=BI0212/> Subsequently, transport officials including the president of Renfe and the Secretary of State for Transport resigned.<ref> Template:Cite web </ref>

In November 2024, Renfe bought a 33% shareholding in Arenaways.<ref>Renfe acquires stake in Italian operator Arenaways International Railway Journal 27 November 2024</ref><ref>Renfe partners with Longitude to expand into Italian market Renfe 27 November 2024</ref>

Passenger rolling stock

Renfe-Operadora utilises the following rolling stock and commercial products inside of its two divisions:

Suburban and Medium Distance (DGSPCMD)

Cercanías (Commuter Services), meter gauge

Rolling stock	Region(s)	Image
Renfe Class 433 EMU	Asturias	FEVE_3302_(50204068577)
Renfe Class 435 EMU	Asturias	Perlora_station_1
Renfe Class 436 EMU	Asturias Basque Country Cantabria	File:Serie 3600 de Renfe con la vinilación de Cercanías en la estación de Oviedo (2025).jpg
Renfe Class 438 EMU	Cantabria	File:FEVE serie 2400 nueva decoración RENFE. Febrero de 2023.jpg
Renfe Class 442 EMU	Madrid	File:Cercanias-madrid-c9-line-train-cotos.jpg
Renfe Class 526 DMU	Asturias Castile and León	File:Tren FEVE Leon.png
Renfe Class 529 DMU	Castile and León Galicia Murcia	Villaquilambre_-_Apeadero_de_Feve-Adif_1

Cercanías (Commuter Services), Iberian gauge

Rolling stock	Metropolitan area(s)	Image
Renfe Class 446 EMU	Bilbao Madrid	File:Hugh llewelyn 180 (5553135644).jpg
Renfe Class 447 EMU	Barcelona Madrid Valencia Murcia/Alicante San Sebastián Santander	S03_304_Bf_San_Pol_del_Mar,_447_142
Renfe Class 450 EMU	Barcelona Madrid	File:Tren de la serie 450.jpg
Renfe Class 462/463/464/465 EMU	Asturias Barcelona Cádiz Madrid Málaga Sevilla Valencia Zaragoza	RENFE_Civia_-_Silla_-_2014-07-24
Renfe Class 592 DMU	Valencia Murcia/Alicante	File:RENFE 592 - Valencia-Sant Isidre - 2014-08-13.jpg

Mainline Medium Distance Services (iberian gauge)

Rolling stock	Route(s)	Image
Renfe Class 440/470 EMU (to be phased out)	Córdoba – Rabanales León – Ponferrada – Vigo León – Gijón Valladolid – Santander Valladolid – Ávila Valladolid – León Valencia − Barcelona Valencia − Alicante	File:RENFE 470 - Valencia Nord - 2014-07-29.jpg
Renfe Class 448 EMU	Catalunya Aragón	RENFE_448_(14519718446)
Renfe Class 449 EMU	Madrid – Jaén León – Ponferrada – Orense – Vigo Sevilla – Cádiz Barcelona – Girona – Figueres – Portbou Huelva – Sevilla Jaén – Córdoba – Sevilla – Cadiz Madrid − Alcázar de San Juan − Albacete Madrid − Alcázar de San Juan − Ciudad Real Alicante – Albacete – Ciudad Real Madrid − León Madrid – Vitoria Irun - Vitoria - Miranda de Ebro Córdoba – Bobadilla Barcelona – Reus Barcelona – Tortosa	S2781_Bf_Madrid_Chamartín,_9_449_009
Renfe Class 592 DMU (to be phased out)	Madrid – Talavera Murcia – Cartagena Valencia − Alcoi CELTA: Oporto - Vigo (Service CP)	File:J23 435 Bf Lorca Sutullena, 592 xxx.jpg
Renfe Class 594 DMU	Valladolid – Zamora – Puebla de Sanabria A Coruña – Ferrol A Coruña – Lugo – Monforte de Lemos - Ourense Madrid – Soria Murcia – Cartagena	Renfe_Class_594_(8649324591)
Renfe Class 598 DMU	Cáceres – Valencia de Alcántara Sevilla – Cáceres - Madrid	Regional_Cuenca_-_Madrid_en_Paredes_-_51734173215
Renfe Class 599 DMU	Madrid – Badajoz Huelva – Zafra A Coruña – Vigo Guixar Salamanca – Ávila – Madrid Salamanca – Palencia Valencia – Cartagena Zaragoza – Valencia Zaragoza – Cartagena Sevilla – Málaga Sevilla – Almería Granada – Algeciras Málaga – Ronda Granada – Linares Madrid − Águilas	RENFE_599_087_Piñar

Mainline Medium Distance Services (metric gauge)

Rolling stock	Region(s)	Image
Renfe Class 524 DMU	Ferrol – Oviedo Oviedo – Santander Santander – Bilbao	FEVE_Cerdido
Renfe Class 527 DMU	Ferrol – Oviedo Oviedo – Santander Santander – Bilbao Bilbao – León	File:Renfe series UTDH-2700 at Poo, Llanes station 01.jpg

High-Speed Medium Distance Services

Rolling stock	Route(s)	Image
Renfe Class 104 EMU	Madrid – Toledo Madrid – Ciudad Real Málaga – Granada Sevilla – Córdoba Barcelona – Camp De Tarragona Sevilla - Málaga	File:S1860a Bf Córdoba, 9 104 905.jpg
Renfe Class 114 EMU	Madrid – Puertollano Madrid – Valladolid Barcelona – Figueres Barcelona – Lleida Sevilla – Granada	Renfe_Avant_S114_(40363123383)
Renfe Class 121 EMU	Cádiz – Jaén A Coruña – Ourense A Coruña – Vigo Urzaiz Madrid – Ponferrada Ponferrada-Vigo Madrid – Gandia Madrid-Salamanca	RENFE_121_501_Vilches

Long Distance (DGSLD)

Luxury Tourist Train Services

Service	Route(s)	Locomotive	Passenger Car	Image
Al Ándalus	Sevilla - Granada - Úbeda - Sevilla	Renfe Class 319.3 Locomotive	Al Ándalus	Renfe_319.323_+_319.304_"Al_Andalus"_(48373548251)
Costa Verde Express	Bilbao - Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela - Bilbao	Feve Class 1900 Locomotive	El Transcantábrico	FEVE_1916_+_"El_Transcantábrico"_(50101413867)
El Transcantábrico Gran Lujo	San Sebastián–Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela–San Sebastián	Feve Class 1900 Locomotive	El Transcantábrico	FEVE_1916_+_"El_Transcantábrico"_(50182318097)
La Robla Express	"La Robla Route:" Bilbao - León León - Bilbao "Pilgrim's Route:" Oviedo - Ortigueira - Santiago de Compostela - Oviedo	Feve Class 1650 Locomotive	La Robla	El_Expreso_de_la_Robla_-_seascape

Mainline Long Distance Services

Service(s)	Route(s)	Locomotive	Passenger Car	Image
Intercity	Madrid – Algeciras Madrid – Granada Madrid – Murcia – Cartagena Madrid – Almería Barcelona – Murcia – Cartagena/Lorca Madrid – Cáceres – Badajoz	Renfe Class 334 Locomotive	Talgo Pendular	RENFE_334_018_Campillos
	Madrid – Almería Barcelona – Murcia – Cartagena/Lorca Madrid – Valencia	Renfe Class 252 Locomotive	Talgo Pendular	252-066-6,_Spain,_Tarragona,_Port_Aventura_-_Tres_Camins_stretch_(Trainpix_199420)

High-Speed Long Distance Services

Service	Rolling stock	Route(s)	Image
AVE	Renfe Class 100 EMU	Madrid – Sevilla Madrid – Castellón Huesca–Sevilla	J20_676_Bf_Perpignan,_9_100_121_Renfe
	Renfe Class 102 EMU	Madrid – León Madrid – Huesca<ref name="vialibre">Template:Cite news</ref> Valencia – Sevilla	AVE_S-102._Viaducto_sobre_el_Arroyo_de_Pedro_Gil_(32308646046)
	Renfe Class 103 EMU	Madrid – Barcelona – Figueres<ref name="vialibre" /> Madrid – Málaga<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Barcelona – Málaga	File:AveZaragozaDelicias (straighten).jpg
	Renfe Class 106 EMU	Gijón–Castellón Madrid–Gijón Madrid–A Coruña Madrid–Vigo Madrid – Murcia Madrid – Marseille Barcelona – Lyon<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>	File:Serie 106 de Renfe.jpg
	Renfe Class 112 EMU	Madrid – Alicante Madrid – Burgos<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Madrid – Cuenca – Valencia<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> Madrid – Granada Madrid – Murcia Madrid – Ourense Alicante – Ourense Alicante – León<ref name="palenciaenlared">Template:Cite web</ref> Barcelona – Granada Barcelona – Sevilla Burgos – Valencia Málaga – Murcia León – Valencia<ref name="palenciaenlared" />	File:Tren AVE, en la estación de Valencia, España, Serie 112 de Renfe.JPG
Alvia (mixed high-speed & conventional service)	Renfe Class 120 EMU	Madrid – Pamplona Madrid – Logroño Madrid – Irún/Hendaya Madrid – Bilbao Madrid – Salamanca Madrid – Santander Madrid – Huelva Barcelona – Bilbao Barcelona – San Sebastian Torre del Oro: Barcelona – Valencia – Sevilla – Cádiz	Alvia_Vigo-Barcelona,_el_tren_escoba_(3710893886)
	Renfe Class 130 EMU	Madrid – Avilés Madrid – Cádiz Alicante – Gijón Alicante – Santander Barcelona – A Coruña Barcelona – Vigo Barcelona – Salamanca Euromed: Barcelona – Valencia – Alicante	RENFE_Alvia_S-130.000_(24547010389)
	Renfe Class 730 HMU	Madrid – Algeciras Madrid – Almeria Madrid – Ferrol Madrid – Vigo Madrid – Lugo Madrid – Badajoz	RENFE_Class_730_Viaducto_Martin_Gil

Prototype rolling stock

Service	Rolling stock	Image
AVE	Renfe Class 105 EMU	Oaris_de_CAF_(105.001)_en_proves_per_Vilafant

Future rolling stock

Service	Rolling stock	Quantity
Cercanías	Renfe Class 452 EMU	152
	Renfe Class 453 EMU	59
	Renfe Class 412 and 413 EMU	26
	Renfe Class 402 EMU	6
Media Distancia	Unknown Iberian Gauge CAF EMU	28
	Renfe Class 714 BMU	5
AVE	Renfe Class 106 EMU	30
	Renfe Class 107 EMU	13

Vehicles register numbers

All classes are designated by three numbers. The first digit has a special meaning:

• 1xx: High speed multiple unit
• 2xx: Electric locomotive
• 3xx: Diesel locomotive
• 4xx: Electric multiple unit (EMU)
• 5xx: Diesel multiple unit (DMU)
• 6xx: Hybrid locomotive
• 7xx: Hybrid multiple unit (HMU)
• 8xx: Trams which can run on railways

Tickets

Travel tickets are available from rail stations and online. In 2023 the European Commission initiated an investigation into concerns that Renfe might have been abusing its dominant position in the online ticketing market by refusing to share journey time information with competing ticketing websites. Renfe offered a number of commitments intended to address these concerns, which the European Commission made legally binding in January 2024 under the EU's competition rules.<ref>European Commission, Commission accepts commitments by Renfe opening up competition in online rail ticketing in Spain, Press Release IP/24/201, published 17 January 2024</ref>

See also

• History of rail transport in Spain
• Rail transport in Spain
• Transport in Spain
• Madrid, Zaragoza and Alicante railway

Notes

1.Template:NoteOperated by CP in Portugal.

2.Template:NoteManaged by Elipsos under the brand Renfe-SNCF en Cooperación/en Coopération.

External links

• Template:Usurped
• Template:Official website
• Template:PM20